Operations Research in Development Sector

129 Pages·2019·1.85 MB·English

by  Arabinda Tripathy

Asset Analytics
Performance and Safety Management
Series Editors: Ajit Kumar Verma · P. K. Kapur · Uday Kumar
Arabinda Tripathy
Rabi Narayan Subudhi
Srikanta Patnaik
Jyotiranjan Nayak Editors
Operations Research
in Development
Sector
Asset Analytics
Performance and Safety Management
Series editors
Ajit Kumar Verma, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Haugesund,
Rogaland Fylke, Norway
P.K.Kapur,CenterforInterdisciplinaryResearch,AmityUniversity,Noida,India
Uday Kumar, Division of Operation and Maintenance Engineering, Luleå
University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
The main aim of this book series is to provide a floor for researchers, industries,
assetmanagers,governmentpolicymakersandinfrastructureoperatorstocooperate
and collaborate among themselves to improve the performance and safety of the
assets with maximum return on assets and improved utilization for the benefit of
society and the environment.
Assets can be defined as any resource that will create value to the business.
Assets include physical (railway, road, buildings, industrial etc.), human, and
intangible assets (software, data etc.). The scope of the book series will be but not
limited to:
(cid:129) Optimization, modelling and analysis of assets
(cid:129) Application of RAMS to the system of systems
(cid:129) Interdisciplinaryandmultidisciplinaryresearchtodealwithsustainabilityissues
(cid:129) Application of advanced analytics for improvement of systems
(cid:129) Applicationofcomputationalintelligence,ITandsoftwaresystemsfordecisions
(cid:129) Interdisciplinary approach to performance management
(cid:129) Integrated approach to system efficiency and effectiveness
(cid:129) Life cycle management of the assets
(cid:129) Integrated risk, hazard, vulnerability analysis and assurance management
(cid:129) Adaptability of the systems to the usage and environment
(cid:129) Integration of data-information-knowledge for decision support
(cid:129) Production rate enhancement with best practices
(cid:129) Optimization of renewable and non-renewable energy resources
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15776
Arabinda Tripathy Rabi Narayan Subudhi
(cid:129)
Srikanta Patnaik Jyotiranjan Nayak
(cid:129)
Editors
Operations Research
in Development Sector
123
Editors
Arabinda Tripathy Srikanta Patnaik
VinodGupta Schoolof Management Department ofComputer Science
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur andEngineering
Kharagpur, India Siksha‘O’ AnusandhanUniversity
Bhubaneswar, Odisha
RabiNarayan Subudhi India
Schoolof Management
KIIT University Jyotiranjan Nayak
Bhubaneswar, India Department ofMathematics, Faculty
ofScience andTechnology
ICFAI Foundationof Higher
EducationUniversity
Hyderabad, India
ISSN 2522-5162 ISSN 2522-5170 (electronic)
AssetAnalytics
ISBN978-981-13-1953-2 ISBN978-981-13-1954-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1954-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018950788
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2019
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Preface
Thepapersinthisbookhavebeenselectedfromamongthosepresentedatthe48th
convention of the Operational Research Society of India (ORSI) organised at
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, during 17–19 December 2015. The theme of the
conference was Operations Research in Development Sector. More than 100
abstracts were received for presentation at the conference. Out of these, over 80
paperswerepresentedattheconference.Atotalof8papershavebeenselectedfor
this book after a rigorous peer review. As in most Operational Research
(OR)conventions,largenumbersofpapersaretechniquerelatedandfewwithsome
applications. Though the convention theme was focussed on the development
sector, hardly any paper could qualify for the same.
The relevance of Operational Research for Development has been recognised
fromthe1950s.TheuseofOperationalResearchforPlanningwasusedfornational
planning in India by Prof. Mahalanobis in the mid-1950s. Recognising its impor-
tance, the International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS)
organised the First International Conference on Operational Research for
Development (ICORD) in 1992 at Ahmedabad, India. Now, ICORD is organised
every year in a workshop format.
Operational Research originated with the focus on problem-solving. One of the
essentialrequirementsforeffectiveproblem-solvingistohaveenoughclarityonthe
problem itself. In addition, in a problem-solving environment, there are many
stakeholders. Every stakeholder has their own perspective while dealing with a
problem, which hinders the problem-solving process. It helps to have a common
understandingoftheproblemendorsedbyallstakeholders. Thisthoughtledtothe
developmentofSoftOR.WhileHardORdealswithvarioustechniquesandORtools,
SoftORdealswiththestakeholders’perspectivesingettingacommonunderstanding
oftheproblemfacilitatingthesolutionprocess.Anyproblemcanbethoughttohave
the following characteristics—number of actors/stakeholders, diversity of perspec-
tives,conflictinginterests/objectives,uncertaintyandsuchothers.
Additionally,problemsinthedevelopmentdomainaresubstantiallymessy;that
is., clarity oftheproblems andobjectives/outcomes tobepursuedaresubstantially
ambiguous, and the relationship between various elements is complex.
v
vi Preface
Aschematicproblem-solvingmodelispresentedbelowshowingtheroleofSoft
and Hard ORs. As presented in the diagram of the model, Operational Research is
concernedwiththereal-lifeproblemsandtofindanimplementablesolution.Usually,
aHardORapproachistakentoaddresstheproblemwith(ingeneral)sophisticatedOR
tools and techniques. After analysing and evaluating various alternatives, the most
desirable one (a so-called optimal solution) is recommended for implementation.
Typically,thatmarkstheendoftheinitiative.Thestakeholders,whoaretoimplement
therecommendedsolution,donotshowenoughenthusiasminimplementation.This
islargelyduetothefactthattheconcernsofthestakeholdersareseldomtakeninto
consideration.Thisoftenresultsindifficultyinimplementation,orinsomecases,the
recommendationdoesnothavemuchoftherelevanceinaddressingtheissues.This
had prompted Prof. Ackoff1 to come up with Future of OR is Past in the 1970s.
Subsequently,aseriesofnewinitiativesofproblem-structuringmethodswereusedto
getabetterunderstandingoftheproblem.ThesemethodsaretheessenceofSoftOR.
SoftORaimsatachievingacommonandin-depthunderstandingoftheproblembyall
stakeholders.This,inturn,facilitatesproblem-solving.
Asinthediagram,inanORproblem-solvingsituation,bothSoftORandHardOR
haveroles.Theextenttowhicheachofthesewillbeusedinaparticularproblematic
situation depends on the nature of the problem. In the development-related issues,
Soft ORhas asignificant importanceduetocomplexity, multiple stakeholdersand
messy nature. This necessitates a different framework to look at OR in the devel-
opment sector. These frameworks and approaches are deliberated rather less. This
resultsinrelativelylessorhardlyanycoverageofORinthedevelopmentsectorin
mostconferencesonOR.
SCHEMETIC PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL
Real
Life Problem Structuring
Problem Methods Model Alternative
Generation
Analysis
Solution &
to Implem- Acceptable Selection Evaluation
Problem entation Alternative Criteria of
Alternatives
Real
Soft O.R. Hard O.R.
World
1“TheFutureofOperationalResearchisPast”RussellL.Ackoff;TheJournaloftheOperational
ResearchSociety,Vol.30,No.2,(Feb.1979)pp93–104.
Preface vii
In the present volume, eight papers are included in the constituent chapters.
Thesehavebeenselectedfrom84paperspresentedattheconference.Thechapters
have been grouped into three categories: theory and methodology; inventory and
stochastic processes; and application in industry, government, agriculture and
engineering.
In the category of theory and methodology, three chapters are in the area of
linear programming and its variation by Pradhan and Biswal, Nayak and Mishra,
and Dash and Acharya. Pradhan and Biswal deal with a linear programming
problem with additional constraints (conditions) relating to randomness, while
Nayak and Mishra deal with some duality aspects in non-convex programming
problem.
In the category of inventory and stochastic processes, Kumar deals with
inventoryissuesinfluencedbytradecreditswhileintroducingnewproducts.Sahoo
and Dash deal with the effect of type 1 fuzzy set in chance-constrained single-
period inventory model. Kozlovskaya et al. deal with an interesting situation of
re-manufacturing and parts dismantling on the EOQ model.
In the final section of application in industry, government, agriculture and
engineering, Jain and Dharmaraja carry out a mathematical review of the prob-
lematic area of crop insurance in India. Singh et al. address the adoption issues in
e-governance initiatives in the Income Tax Department of India.
Onthewhole,thebookprovidesaglimpseoftheareasandthetypeofworkthe
operationalresearchersareengagedinatthemoment.Itwillalsoprovideinputsto
thepresent-dayoperationalresearchersthestatusandwayaheadforfurtherworkon
contemporary issues.
We would like to thank Prof. Manojranjan Nayak, Founder of Siksha ‘O’
Anusandhan (SOA), for his continuous support for this endeavour. For the
preparation of the manuscript and correspondence, we thank Mitali Madhusmita
Nayak(SOA)andRajeshGudepuandSrinivasChary(ICFAIFoundationofHigher
Education,Hyderabad,India).Lastly,wethankSpringerforthepublicationofthis
volume.
Bhubaneswar, India Arabinda Tripathy
November 2017 Rabi Narayan Subudhi
Srikanta Patnaik
Jyotiranjan Nayak
Contents
Trade Credit Induced Inventory Model for New Products. . . . . . . . . . . 1
Alok Kumar
Solving a Chance-Constrained Single-Period Inventory Model
with Type-1 Fuzzy Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Anuradha Sahoo and J. K. Dash
Multi-objective Multi-choice Random Linear Programming
Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Avik Pradhan and M. P. Biswal
Symmetric Duality and Complementarity in Non-Convex
Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Jyotiranjan Nayak and Sasmita Mishra
An EOQ Inventory Model with Remanufacturing and Dismantling
for Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Nadezhda Kozlovskaya, Nadezhda Pakhomova and Knut Richter
Computation of Multi-choice Multi-objective Fuzzy Probabilistic
Transportation Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Narmada Ranarahu, J. K. Dash and S. Acharya
Crop Insurance in India: A Mathematical Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Vidyottama Jain and S. Dharmaraja
Adoptionofe-GovernmentServices:ACaseStudyone-FilingSystem
of Income Tax Department of India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Harjit Singh, Arpan Kumar Kar and P. Vigneswara Ilavarasan
ix
About the Editors
Arabinda Tripathy is a retired professor from the Vinod Gupta School of
Management, Indian Instititute of Technology Kharagpur. He has also served as
Deanoftheschool.HeobtainedhisPh.D.degreeinOperationalResearchfromthe
London School of Economics. His areas of specialisation include operations man-
agement,operationalresearch,quantitativetechniques,andprojectmanagement.He
movedtoacademicsafterworkinginindustryforover12years.HetaughtatIndian
Institute of Management Ahmedabad for nearly 25 years. He also launched a
master’s level course on Operational Research for Development and taught at the
UniversityofCapeTown,SouthAfrica.HewastheFounderDirectoroftheInstitute
of Petroleum Management, Gandhinagar, India and the L&T Institute of Project
Management,Vadodara,India.Hehaspublishedseveralresearchpapersinvarious
national and international journals. He served as President of the Operational
Research Society of India (ORSI) and as Editor-in-Chief of ORSI’s journal
OPSEARCH. He also served as Editor of Developing Countries Newsletter of
IFORS. He received the IFORS Developing Countries Award in 1993 and EFMD
Fellowship at the London Business School. With extensive experience in various
industries and institutions, spanning over four decades, and his ability to apply
academic insights into real-world problem-solving in energy, utilities, project
management cuttingacross continents, makes him amuch sought-after consultant.
Rabi Narayan Subudhi is a professor of management at KIIT University,
Bhubaneswar, India, and has over 30 years of teaching experience. He has also
served as professor of management at Berhampur University, Odisha, and VIT,
Vellore. He is President of ORSI, Bhubaneswar (Odisha) Chapter. After gaining
master’s and M.Phil. degrees in statistics, he completed his Ph.D. degree (in
management), with a senior fellowship from CSIR. He is also an alumnus of IIM
Ahmedabad,wherehewas awarded FDPM.He haspublished fivebooksandover
50 research papers and also regularly writes articles for popular regional newspa-
pers. He has presented papers at international conferences in the USA, UK,
xi