Operational Oceanography - Implementation at the European and Regional Scales PDF
Preview Operational Oceanography - Implementation at the European and Regional Scales
Elsevier Oceanography Series, 66 OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY IMPLEMENTATION AT THE EUROPEAN AND REGIONAL SCALES N.C. Flemming, Editor-in-Chief EuroGOOS Office, Southampton, UK Proceedings of the second international Conference on EuroGOOS 11 - 13 March 1999, Rome, Italy Editorial Committee: S. Vallerga, CNR and IMC, Oristano, Italy N. Pinardi, Bologna University, Ravenna, ltaly H.W.A. Behrens, RIKZ, The Hague, The Netherlands G. Manzella, ENEA, La Spezia, Italy D. Prandle, POL, Bidston, UK J.H. Stel, NWO/AL W, The Netherlands 2002 ELSEVIER Amsterdam-Boston-London-New Y ork-Oxford-Paris- San Diego-San Francisco-Singapore-Sydney-Tokyo ELSEVIER B.V. ELSEVIER Inc. ELSEVIER Ltd ELSEVIER Ltd Radarweg 29 525 B Street The Boulevard 84 Theobalds Road P.O. Box 211,lOOOAE Suite 1900, San Diego Langford Lane, Kidlington, London WClX 8RR Amsterdam,The Netherlands CA 92101-4495, USA Oxford OX5 lGB, UK UK 0 2002 Elsevier BY All rights reserved. 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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 0444503919 ISBN (Series) 0422 9894 Working together to grow libraries in developing countries I www.elsevier.com I www.bookaid.org I www.sabre.org I @ The paper used in this publication meets the requirements ofANSI/NISO 239.48-1 992 (Permanence of Paper). Printed in The Netherlands vii Preface EuroGOOS is proud to have held its second International Conference, entitled “Operational Oceanography Implementation at the European and Regional Scales” in Rome in 1999. The first International Conference entitled “Operational Oceanography- the Challenge for European Co-operation” was held at The Hague, Netherlands in 1996. This is the start of an important series of events which will map and guide the development of operational ocean observations and forecasting for many years to come. The discoveries and projects described in these papers become more important every year as operational oceanography is seen to be an essential component of marine management, understanding climate change, and the practical response to the Kyoto Convention. The conference was attended by over 300 experts from 25 countries, including specially invited guests from the European Commission and from the USA, and the papers show the important developments which have taken place in a very few years. When EuroGOOS started in 1994 many of the ideals and principles which we established seemed to be daring and speculative dreams. At the time of the first Conference it was clear that the foundations were being placed for a system that would really work. Operational models were being tested, and new technologies were being proven in prolonged trials and pre-operational experiments. Nevertheless, the core of the meeting was still papers about projects which would become operational in the future. By 1999 the core of the Second Conference was the description of operational services already in place in the EuroGOOS Regions. The EuroGOOS Regional Seas Task Teams each presented reports demonstrating the operational and pre-operational observing schemes, data management, and forecasting systems in various stages of planning and implementation. There was no doubt at all that the operational services could be produced at a reasonable cost, and the papers presented on economic evaluation of the costs and benefits of operational oceanography showed that the user community was ready to exploit the information. At the Second Conference EuroGOOS launched the draft of its “Forward Look”, a short document setting out ambitious targets in operational oceanography for the next 5 years and 10 years. The concept was presented in a speech by John Woods, EuroGOOS Honorary President. In the “Forward Look” report the “near-field” targets include developing regional and Atlantic operational systems and services; support for operational marine ecosystem modelling; agreement on a EuroGOOS Data Policy; defining a new constitution for EuroGOOS funded only by Members’ subscriptions; and close collaboration with the European Commission’s Framework 5 research programme. The 10-year targets include the provision of operational models and forecasting with resolution finer than lkm in coastal and shallow seas; forecasts with 1-5km grids in the Mediterranean; addition of suspended sediments, and ecosystem parameters to operational models; improving techniques of nesting models; multi-year forecasts for the Atlantic with emphasis on the North Atlantic Oscillation and Gulf Stream; strong European participation in the Global Ocean Data Assimilation viii Experiment (GODAE), and the promotion of operational ocean-observing satellite missions. The papers in this book show that these objectives will be achieved. Marine instrumental technology has always been a concern of EuroGOOS, and the Second Conference emphasised the development both of new instrumentation and the platforms to support the instruments and sensors for prolonged periods with minimum maintenance. The accompanying Exhibition and the involvement of EUROMAR as a sponsor proved the importance of this factor. Papers are included on new chains of instrumented buoy moorings, installations on commercial femes, autonomous underwater vehicles, acoustic monitoring, HF Radar, profiling drifting floats, and remote sensing from satellites, among other technologies. We owe many debts of thanks to many people and institutions for the great success of the Second International Conference on EuroGOOS. The organising institutions and co-hosts of the Conference in Italy were Consiglio Nazionale de Ricerche (CNR) and Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, 1’Energia e 1’Ambiente (ENEA), and the International Marine Centre of CNR at Oristano (IMC), who provided the principle co-ordination and administration. The European Commission provided support. The Conference was held under the auspices of the Italian Minister0 dell Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, and sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC), EUROMAR, European Marine and Polar Sciences Board of ESF, and the Central Italy Innovation Relay Centre (CIRCE). The Conference Organising Committee and the Secretariat of the Conference, led by Silvana Vallerga and Maria Luigia Ruscitto, worked assiduously to ensure the success of the organisation, screening of abstracts, social programme, and the exhibition of marine equipment. Our thanks would be incomplete without a special mention for the numerous younger members of staff and students from the IMC Oristano who manned the Conference Registration area, and helped to welcome participants. Everyone who was at the Conference will also remember with great pleasure the evening guided tour of the Vatican Library and Sistine Chapel, followed by a splendid dinner. The publication of this volume follows naturally from the efforts of the speakers whom we thank, both for their attendance at the Conference, and the drafting of their papers for publication. All submitted papers were reviewed by two anonymous referees, from a panel of 99 referees, and the Editorial Committee thanks the referees for their work and expertise which has added to the quality of this book. Willem Behrens, who has been seconded to the EuroGOOS Office during the year 2001, has amongst his other duties, ensured that every manuscript and diagram has been chased from authors, revised accurately, and formatted as required. EuroGOOS owes him, and RIKZ, many thanks. Nic Flemming Editor-in-Chief xi Table of contents Page Preface N C Flernrning, Editor-in-Chief ............................................................................................... vii EuroGOOS Conference S Vallerga, Chairperson of the Organising Committee, Italy ................................................... ix INTRODUCTIONS The Second EuroGOOS Conference; Introduction D Tromp, Chairman EuroGOOS, The Netherlands ................................................................... .3 The EuroGOOS Forward Look J D Woods, UK .......................................................................................................................... .5 - EUROMAR A new era P Ehlers, Germany .................................................................................................................... 13 EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC SERVICES Valuing marine activities in Europe: provisional estimates, concepts and data sources MBrown, France ...................................................................................................................... 23 The EuroGOOS data requirements survey JFischer and N C Flemming, UK ............................................................................................ 35 Economic assessments of the value of marine industries and services and user requirements L Castellucci, Ztaly ................................................. The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) in 1998 C Summerhayes, France ........................................................................................................... 57 OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Real-time forecast modelling for the NW European Shelf Seas M W Holt, UK ........................................................................................................................... 69 Increasing resolution and forecast length with a parallel ocean model T Wilhelmsson, JSchiile, J Rantakokko and L Funkquist, Sweden, Germany, USA ................ 77 Operational hydrodynamical model of the Danish waters. Danish National, Program for Monitoring the Water Environment H R Jensen, J S Mder and B Rasmussen, Denmark.. ............................................................. .87 xii Spanish Ocean Observation System. IEO core project: Studies on time series of oceanographic data L Valdbs, A Lavin, M L Ferncindez de Puelles, M Varela, R Anaddn, A Miranda, J Camiias andJMas, Spain ......................................................................... Long-term surface observations from ships of opportunity in Norwegian waters T Gytre, JAure and R Saetre, Norway ................................................................................... 107 CORIOLIS-Atlantic, an in situ network for operational oceanography P Marchand, France ............................................................................................................... 117 Sea level measuring network in Finland 0 Korhonen, Finland ......... ............................................................. ......................... 129 Ferry observations on temperature, salinity and currents in the Marsdiep tidal inlet between the North Sea and Wadden Sea H Ridderinkhof: H van Haren, F Eijgenraam and T Hillebrand, The Netherlands ......... Operational forecasts during the construction of the Fixed Link across the dresund L Funkquist, Sweden ............. ............................................................................................ 149 Storminess and environmentally sensitive Atlantic coastal areas of the European Union I Lozano, Ireland ................ ........................................................................... 153 EUROGOOS REGIONAL SEAS PROJECTS Monitoring of the Arctic Ocean 0 MJohannessen and S Sandven, Nonuay ...................................... ................................. 165 Forecasting the Baltic E Buch, Denmark .................................................................................................................... 179 Mediterranean ocean forecasting system: First phase of implementation N Pinardi, E Demirov, M Tonani, L Giacomelli, C Fratianni and MFSPPpartners, Italy, France ............................................................. ................................................................ 189 Forecasting the Atlantic: Towards an Atlantic Pilot Experiment C Le Provost, France .............................................................................................................. 199 OPERATIONAL OCEAN FORECASTING FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION Operational forecasting in the Aegean Sea: The POSEIDON system K Nittis, T Soukissian and G Chronis, Greece. ....................................................................... 2 1 1 Remote sensing data for the Mediterranean Forecasting System Pilot Project P Y Le Traon, G Larnicol, G Dibarboure, H Roquet, P Le Borgne, S Marullo, L Santolieri, F Montagner and D Antoine, France, Italy ..................................................... .21 9 ... Xlll Operational system for marine prediction in the Mediterranean: Description and products B Telenta, S Nickovic, S Music and V Ryabinin, Malta .......................................................... 225 Diagnostic simulations of the seasonal circulation in the Sicily Channel R Sorgente and M Zavatarelli, Italy ....................................................................................... 235 NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER A newly designed deep sea YOYO-profiler for long term moored deployment C Waldmann, N Kotte, WMetzler, Germany. ......................................................................... 245 Coastal environment of the Seine Bay area monitored by a new French system of automated measurement stations P Woerther, France ................................................................................................................ 255 The potential of HF radar for coastal and shelf sea monitoring L R Wyatt, UK ......................................................................................................................... 265 Design and use of advanced technology devices for sea water monitoring G Zappal;, G Caruso and E Crisaji, Italy .............................................................................. 273 The use of "CARAVELA 2000@'"v ehicles in operational oceanography M Alves, A Pascoal, A M Pereira, J Rodeia, A SimGes, M Juliano, R Duarte, C Silvestre, P Oliveira, L Sebastiio, A Jorge and R Araijo, Portugal .................................. 281 A new concept for rapid assessment of oceanic environment V Mariette, V Verbeque, P Mouge and M Deveaux, France ............................................. - A bi-directional data link into the deep sea The DOMEST project G Meinecke, V Ratmeyer and G Wefer, Germany .................................................... 299 GEOSTAR - GEophysical and Oceanographic Station for Abyssal Research L Beranzoli, T Braun, M Calcara, D Calore, R Campaci, J-M Coudeville, A De Santis, D Di Mauro, G Etiope, P Favali, F Frugoni, JL Fuda, F Gamberi, F Gasparoni, H Gerber, MMarani, JMawaldi, CMillot, C Montuori, G Romeo, P Palangio, and G Smriglio, Italy, France, Germany ....... .......................................................................... 307 - Femes in operational oceanography The German Ferry Box project P KO&, Germany .................................................................................................................. 317 Mobile lidar fluorosensor equipment for continuous seawaters monitoring and in situ photosynthetic measurements: The ENEA realisation R Barbini, F Colao, R Fantoni, A Palucci, S Ribezzo, Italy ................................................... 325 Experimentation of an innovative Lagrangian coastal drifter A Ribotti, G De Falco and VArrichiello, Italy .................. .............................................. ,335 xiv GLOBAL MONITORING AND MODELLING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE PREDICTI ON Real-time ocean forecast modelling for the Global Ocean and the Atlantic H Cattle, M W Holt and M J Bell, UK ................................................................................... ,343 Meeting the Challenge: Real-time sea-state forecast modelling for the Atlantic at The Met Office M WHolt, UK ......................................................................................................................... 353 European co-ordination in meteorology F Gtrard, France .................................................................................................................... 363 Acoustic Monitoring of Ocean Climate in the Arctic (Ah4OC) 0 M Johannessen, H Sagen, T Hamre, H Hobaek, K Hasselmann, E Maier-Reimer, UMikolajewicz, P Wadhams, A Kaletzky, L Bobylev, E Evert, V Troyan, KAN augolnykh and IEsipov, Norway, Germany, UK, Russia ............................................. 371 Initial concepts for IAS-GOOS C N K Mooers, L Gao, W D Wilson, WEJ ohns, K D Leaman, HEH urlburt and T Townsend. USA. ................................................................................................................... 319 REMOTE SENSING IN OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS The DUACS project: towards operational use of altimeter data in coupled ocean- atmosphere models for climate studies and forecasts P Gaspar, D Anderson, Ch Boone, M Davey, M Lat$ P Y Le Traon, P Mc Lean, M Mijennich, P Rogel, S Schoettle, JSegschneider, 0 Thual, France, UK, Germany ..........3 93 Absolute calibration of the EnviSat-1 radar altimeter - a new generation dual frequency altimeter M Roca and R Francis, The Netherlands ................................................................................ 395 Multi-sensor satellite monitoring of ocean climate T H Guymer, P G Challenor, P Cipollini, D Cromwell, G D Quartly, MAS rokosz, and P D Cotton, UK. ...................................................................................................................... 405 Near real time processing and validation of T/P and ERS-2 altimeter data (DUACS project) C Boone, P YLe Traon and P Gaspar, France ...................................................................... 421 Satellite data use in Finnish winter navigation H Gronvall and A Seina, Finland ........................................................................................... 429 Complex ERS-2 SAR wave mode S Lehner, J Schulz-Stellenfleth, B Schattler, H Breit and I Weinreich, Germany .................. 437 SARw ind measurements during the FETCH experiment J Horstmann, I Weinreich, D Hauser, S Lehner and W Koch, Germany, France .................4. 45 xv COASTWATCH: Integrating satellite SAR imagery in an operational system for monitoring coastal currents, wind, surfactants and oil spills 0 M Johannessen, HAE spedal, B Furevik, D Akimov and A Jenkins, Norway, Russia .......4 55 DATA ASSIMILATION AND ADVANCED MODELS, GLOBAL AND COASTAL Assimilating satellite altimeter data in operational sea level and storm surge forecasting MEP hilippart and A Gebraad, The Netherlands .................................................................. 469 The use of SeaWiFS for operational monitoring of water quality in the North Sea H J Hoogenboom, S W M Peters, J H M Hakvoort and A G Dekker, The Netherlands, Australia. ................................................................................................................................ .48 1 Evolutionary computation for climate and ocean forecasting: "El Niiio forecasting" A Alvarez, P Ve'lez, A Orjla, G Vizoso and J Tintorb, Taiwan, Spain ................................... 489 ADVANCED ECOSYSTEM AND WATER QUALITY MODELLING Simulating the spring phytoplankton bloom in the Humber Plume (UK) with a variable phytoplankton carbon: chlorophyll-a model J I Allen, UK .......................................................................................................................... .497 Satellite observation and model prediction of toxic algae bloom D Durand, L H Pettersson, 0 M Johannessen, E Svendsen, H Sgiland and M Skogen, Norway .................................................................................................................................... 505 Microbial parameters for advanced ecosystem models R Zaccone, R La Ferla, MAzzaro and G Caruso, Italy ......................................................... .5 17 New operative methods to study pelagic ecosystems MMarcelli, A Di Maio S Ziantoni and A Perilli, Itab. .......................................................... 525 Author-Index ........................................................................................................................... 533 List of participants ......................................................... ..................................... 537 List of reviewers ..................................................................................................................... 551 INTRODUCTIONS
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