Operational Guide to AWWA Standard G300: Source Water Protection

151 Pages·2010·3.503 MB·English

by  Chi Ho Cham, Richard W. Gullick, Sharon C. Long, Pamela P. Kenel

Source Water
Protection
Operational Guide to AWWA Standard G300
The protection of water sources from contamination is a vital function of
water utilities for the provision of safe and plentiful drinking water. ANSI/
AWWA Standard G300, Source Water Protection, describes the essential O
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requirements for the effective protection of drinking water sources. It also r
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Chi Ho Sham, Ph.D., Richard W. Gullick, Ph.D., Sharon C. Long, Ph.D., and Pamela P. Kenel, P.E.
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1P-4C-20622-4/10-SB
The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®
Source Water Protection
Operational Guide to AWWA Standard G300
G300
Chi Ho Sham, PhD, Richard W. Gullick, PhD, Sharon C. Long, PhD, and Pamela P. Kenel, PE
Advocacy
Communications
Conferences
Education and Training
Science and Technology
The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water® Sections
Operational Guide to AWWA Standard G300
Source Water Protection
Copyright © 2010 American Water Works Association
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, elec-
tronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of
brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher.
Disclaimer
The authors, contributors, editors, and publisher do not assume responsibility for the validity of the content or any
consequences of its use. In no event will AWWA be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential
damages arising out of the use of information presented in this book. In particular, AWWA will not be responsible for
any costs, including, but not limited to, those incurred as a result of lost revenue. In no event shall AWWA’s liability
exceed the amount paid for the purchase of this book.
AWWA Publications Manager: Gay Porter De Nileon
Production: Glacier Publishing Services, Inc.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Operational guide to AWWA standard G300, source water protection / by Chi Ho Sham ... [et al.].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-1-58321-784-9
1. Wellhead protection--Standards--United States. 2. Groundwater--Pollution--Prevention--Standards--United States.
I. Sham, Chi Ho. II. American Water Works Association. III. Title: Source water protection.
TD223.064 2010
628.1'10973--dc22
2010004062
Printed in the United States of America
American Water Works Association
6666 West Quincy Ave.
Denver, CO 80235
Contents
SeCtiOn 1: ACknOWledGmentS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
SeCtiOn 2: FOreWOrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
SeCtiOn 3: intrOduCtiOn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
SeCtiOn 4: requirementS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Sec 4.1 Source Water Protection Program Vision, 16
4.1.1 Vision, 16
Sec. 4.2 Characterization of Source Water and Source Water Protection Area, 20
4.2.1 Delineation, 20
4.2.2 Water Quality and Quantity Data, 20
4.2.3 Contaminant Sources and Land Use, 20
4.2.4 Compliance With Regulatory Requirements, 21
4.2.5 Security Planning and Implementation, 21
4.2.6 Emergency Preparedness and Response, 21
4.2.7 Health and Safety Management, 21
4.2.8 Stakeholders, 21
Sec. 4.3 Source Water Protection Goals, 31
4.3.1 Program Goals, 31
Sec. 4.4 Action Plan, 33
Sec. 4.5 Program Implementation, 36
Sec. 4.6 Evaluation and Revision, 38
4.6.1 Evaluation Procedures, 38
SeCtiOn 5: VeriFiCAtiOn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
SeCtiOn 6: GlOSSAry OF ACrOnymS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
SeCtiOn 7: reFerenCeS And reSOurCeS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
SeCtiOn 8: WOrkSheetS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
APPendix A: SeleCt Web SiteS relAted tO SOurCe
WAter PrOteCtiOn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
APPendix b: AnnOtAted bibliOGrAPhy FOr SeleCt
inFOrmAtiOn SOurCeS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
APPendix C: CASe StudieS FOr SOurCe WAter PrOteCtiOn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
iii

G300 Operational Guide
Source Water Protection
SeCtiOn 1: ACknOWledGmentS
This Operational Guide to AWWA Standard G300: Source Water Protection (the
guide) is the result of a series of ongoing efforts over the past decade. The initial
effort was carried out by a volunteer American Water Works Association (AWWA)
workgroup charged with developing accreditation criteria and supporting guid-
ance for source water protection activities by water utilities. Based on a request
from AWWA staff to the AWWA Source Water Protection (SWP) Committee, that
effort started in the fall of 2000 with discussions among SWP Committee chair
Pam Kenel, vice-chair Rich Gullick, committee member Perri Standish-Lee, and
AWWA staff member Steve Via. These four individuals organized a steering com-
mittee and convened a workgroup that met in Kansas City on December 4–5, 2000.
The members of the steering committee and workgroup are listed as follows.
SWP Accreditation Steering Committee (2000–2002)
Christopher S. Crockett, Philadelphia Water Department, Philadelphia, Pa.
Richard W. Gullick, American Water Works Service Company, Voorhees, N.J.
Pamela P. Kenel (Chair), Black & Veatch Engineers, Gaithersburg, Md.
Perri Standish-Lee, Black & Veatch Engineers, Granite Bay, Calif.
Kenneth A. Thompson, Irvine Ranch Water District, Irvine Ranch, Calif.
Steve Via, AWWA (liaison), Washington, D.C.
John T. Witherspoon, Springfield City Utilities, Springfield, Mo.
1
2 Operational Guide to AWWA Standard G300
SWP Accreditation Workgroup (2000–2002)
Clare Haas Claveau, AWWA (liaison), Denver, Colo.
Christopher S. Crockett, Philadelphia Water Department, Philadelphia, Pa.
Andrew F. DeGraca, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission,
San Francisco, Calif.
Richard W. Gullick, American Water Works Service Company,
Voorhees, N.J.
Betsy Henry, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Rachael R. Herpel, Groundwater Foundation, Lincoln, Neb.
Edward A. Holland, Orange Water & Sewer Authority, Carrboro, N.C.
Ronald B. Hunsinger, East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, Calif.
Gary W. Jackson, US Department of Agriculture/National Resources
Conservation Service, Madison, Wis.
Pamela P. Kenel (Chair), Black & Veatch Engineers, Gaithersburg, Md.
William C. Lauer, AWWA (liaison), Denver, Colo.
Florence Reynolds, Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities,
Salt Lake City, Utah
Daniel S. Schechter, LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Perri Standish-Lee, Black & Veatch Engineers, Granite Bay, Calif.
Ira A. Stern, New York City Department of Environmental Protection,
Corona, N.Y.
Kenneth A. Thompson, Irvine Ranch Water District, Irvine, Calif.
Steve Via, AWWA (liaison), Washington, D.C.
John T. Witherspoon, Springfield City Utilities, Springfield, Mo.
The workgroup completed a draft version of the Source Water Protection
& Management Program Accreditation Document in June 2002. While AWWA’s
accreditation program concept did not come to fruition, it evolved into a new
series of utility management standards for water and wastewater utilities (described
in the Foreword). A volunteer committee was subsequently formed to develop
AWWA Standard G300, Source Water Protection. The AWWA Standards Com-
mittee on Source Water Protection (under the Standards Council) reviewed and
approved the ANSI (American National Standards Institute)/AWWA G300 Stan-
dard in 2006. The G300 standard was approved by AWWA in 2007. The AWWA
Standards Committee on Source Water Protection in 2006, at the time of the
approval of AWWA G300, included the following members:
Source Water Protection 3
AWWA Standards Committee on Source Water Protection
Producer Members
Christopher S. Crockett, Philadelphia Water Department, Philadelphia, Pa.
Richard W. Gullick, Environmental Engineering & Technology, Inc.,
Berlin, N.J.
Edward A. Holland (Chair), Orange Water & Sewer Authority,
Carrboro, N.C.
Florence Reynolds, Salt Lake City Water Department, Salt Lake City, Utah
General Interest Members
P.F. Barron*, Standards Council Liaison, Birmingham Water & Sewer,
Birmingham, Ala.
Alex T. Chow, University of California at Davis, Davis, Calif.
Elizabeth E. Hall, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Paul J. Olson*, Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo.
Brian Richter*, The Nature Conservancy, Charlottesville, Va.
Kenneth A. Thompson, CH2M Hill, Englewood, Colo.
John T. Witherspoon, Witherspoon Consulting, Springfield, Mo.
In the interim, John Witherspoon provided minor edits to the June 2002
draft Source Water Protection & Management Program Accreditation Document.
In 2009, the AWWA Source Water Protection Committee, under the leadership
of SWP Committee Chair Chi Ho Sham (The Cadmus Group, Inc.), was charged
with producing a guidance document for ANSI/AWWA Standard G300 that was
approved by AWWA in 2007. AWWA contracted with The Cadmus Group, Inc.,
for this effort, and Rich Gullick and Sharon C. Long (as private consultants) assisted
Dr. Sham and The Cadmus Group. Caroline Edwards (The Cadmus Group, Inc.)
also provided editorial assistance on the document. Drs. Sham, Gullick, and Long
substantially revised and added to the previous document when developing the
final version of this guide.
The authors are grateful to the four drinking water utilities that allowed their
source water protection programs to be described as case studies in this guide:
Philadelphia Water Department (Philadelphia, Pa.), Groton Utilities (Groton,
Conn.), Central Arkansas Water (Little Rock, Ark.), and Madison Water Utility
*Liaison, nonvoting member
4 Operational Guide to AWWA Standard G300
(Madison, Wis.). The following personnel from those utilities assisted by reviewing
the case study descriptions prepared by the operational guide authors:
Kelly Anderson, Philadelphia Water Department, Manager of Source Water
Protection
Paula Conolly, D.S. Winokur Associates, Source Water Protection Consul-
tant to the Philadelphia Water Department
Joseph Grande, Water Quality Manager, Madison Water Utility
Tom Heikkinen, General Manager, Madison Water Utility
Martin Maner, Director of Watershed Management, Central Arkansas Water
Loir Mathieu, Public Health Services Manager, Connecticut Department of
Public Health—Drinking Water Section, for Groton Utilities
This guide was reviewed by subject experts Ed Holland and Robert Morgan,
who provided constructive commentary.
AWWA staff members Paul Olson, Bill Lauer, Dawn Flancher, John Ander-
son, Martha Ripley Gray, Daniel Feldman, and Gay Porter De Nileon also contrib-
uted substantially to this effort.
SeCtiOn 2: FOreWOrd
One of the main goals of AWWA is to support water utilities in evaluating and
improving their water quality, operations, maintenance, and infrastructure. Several
different programs and types of publications are used to support this mission.
One key program is the AWWA standards process, which has existed more
than 100 years to produce peer-reviewed standards for materials and processes used
by the water and wastewater utility industries. These standards, which are Ameri-
can National Standards Institute (ANSI) approved, are recognized worldwide and
have been adopted by many utilities and organizations. The AWWA standards pro-
gram is designed to assist water and wastewater utilities and their service providers
to meet expectations of their customers, investors, and government regulators. The
standards developed under the program are generally intended to improve a util-
ity’s overall operations and service.
AWWA has recently developed a new series of utility management standards
for water and wastewater utilities. The Utility Management Standards program
provides a means to assess service quality and management efficiency based on rec-
ognized standards for best available practices. Through establishment of standards
Source Water Protection 5
and formal recognition by professional organizations, the program will serve water
and wastewater utilities by promoting improvements in the quality of services and
efficient management.
The utility management standards address the widespread need of utility man-
agers to have some consistency and reliability in knowing what is generally expected
in the management and operation of utilities. These standards are also valuable
resources in light of the many issues facing utilities, including increased scrutiny on
accountability, increased regulation, and difficult economic realities such as aging
infrastructure, changing demand for water, and a shrinking workforce.
The utility management standards (also known as the G Series) are designed
to cover the principal activities of a typical water and/or wastewater utility. Some
examples include standards for distribution systems operations and management
(G200), source water protection (G300), utility management systems (G400),
and security practices (G430). Other standards under development include busi-
ness practices, emergency planning, and communication and customer relations.
Additional topics will be added over time, including ones specifically relevant to
wastewater utilities.
The utility management standards are developed using the same formal,
ANSI-recognized, AWWA-managed process. Volunteer standards committees
establish standard practices in a uniform and appropriate format. Formal standards
committees are formed to address the individual standards practices for the diverse
areas of water and wastewater utility operations.
ANSI/AWWA Standard G300, Source Water Protection, provides the defini-
tive standard for a drinking water utility to protect its drinking water supply
source(s). AWWA G300 became effective on July 1, 2007, and outlines the six
primary components of successful SWP programs and the requirements for meet-
ing the standard. This guide is intended to provide support and guidance to help
utilities plan, develop, and implement successful SWP programs that will meet the
criteria of AWWA G300.
This guide starts with acknowledgments (Sec. 1) of key individuals who
assisted in the development of the G300 standard and this associated operational
guide. Sec. 2 (this Foreword) describes the basic tenets of the AWWA Utility Man-
agement Standard program and describes the outline of this guide.
Sec. 3 (Introduction) includes basic information and guidance about SWP
programs and activities and a brief description of the six essential component ele-
ments (or phases) that comprise a successful SWP program, and explains how this