Open Innovation Strategies

224 Pages·2022·7.08 MB·English

by  Camille Aouinaït

Open Innovation Strategies

Smart Innovation Set
coordinated by
Dimitri Uzunidis
Volume 39
Open Innovation Strategies

Camille Aouinaït
First published 2022 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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© ISTE Ltd 2022
The rights of Camille Aouinaït to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by her in
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Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2022941074

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ISBN 978-1-78630-708-8
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Part 1. Static and Descriptive Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 1. Definition of Open Innovation and Collaborative
Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Definition of open and collaborative innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Basic characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2.1. From closed innovation to open innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2.2. Serendipity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.2.3. Creativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.2.4. The absorption capacity of firms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2.5. The various degrees of innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.2.6. Exploration versus exploitation in innovation processes . . . . . . . 22
1.3. The creation of innovation and associated partnerships . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.3.1. Dynamics of collaborative innovation production . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.3.2. Forms of partnerships and degree of openness of innovation . . . . 25
1.3.3. Collaborative models: from the triple helix to mode 2,
via the NSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Chapter 2. History of the Evolution of Collaboration Between
Actors, and Creation of Innovation Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.1. Genesis of collaboration and its evolution through different innovation
models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.1.1. History of collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.1.2. Evolution of the innovation models used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
vi Open Innovation Strategies
2.1.3. Top-down and bottom-up approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.1.4. Location of actors for collaboration and impact on the
type of innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.2. Business ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.3. Partnership experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.3.1. Creation of innovation networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.3.2. Profiles of the partners involved in the collaboration . . . . . . . . . 48
2.3.3. Importance of the territorial level for the governance
of innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.3.4. Emergence and use of collaborative platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.3.5. Intellectual property rights: license exchange and other
notable examples of collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Part 2. Dynamic and Causal Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Chapter 3. The Reasons Behind Open Innovation and
its Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.1. Evolution of the use of collaborative innovation: from classical
to new models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.1.1. FabLabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.1.2. The Artlab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.1.3. Coworking spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.1.4. Hacker spaces and maker spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.1.5. Living Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.1.6. Creative Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.2. Diversity of collaborative forms: an organized space of actors
based on geographical, social and organizational proximity . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.2.1. The spatial organization of actors in the form of clusters . . . . . . 74
3.2.2. Industrial districts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.2.3. National Innovation Systems and Local Innovation Systems . . . . 82
3.3. The intermediaries of innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.4. Innovation jointly created with users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Chapter 4. Advantages, Disadvantages and Issues Related to
Collaborative Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
4.1. Benefits of collaborative innovation for the actors involved . . . . . . . 99
4.1.1. The modes of knowledge transfer and their implications on
collaborative innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
4.1.2. The role of collaborative innovation at the economic, social,
societal and environmental levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
4.1.3. Sectors conducive to open innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
4.2. Limitations of the open innovation paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Contents vii
4.2.1. Actors’ levels of organization, between small and large firms . . . 124
4.2.2. Intellectual property: a sensitive point in the collaboration . . . . . 125
4.2.3. Clarification of monetary benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
4.2.4. Restricting access to protected results and impacts on science . . . 127
4.2.5. Actors’ cognitive skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
4.2.6. What value does the innovation bring? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
4.3. Questions related to collaborative innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
4.3.1. The various paradoxes inherent in collaborative innovation . . . . . 133
4.3.2. Role of governance and actors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181