Oncogenes and Growth Control

383 Pages·1986·6.5 MB·English

by  Patricia Kahn, Thomas Graf (auth.), Patricia Kahn, Thomas Graf (eds.)

Oncogenes and
Growth Control
Edited by
Patricia Kahn and Thomas Graf
With 35 Figures
Springer- Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo
PATRICIA KAHN
THOMAS GRAF
European Molecular
Biology Laboratory
Postfach 10 22 09
6900 Heidelberg, FRG
First Edition 1986, Second Printing 1988
ISBN-13:978-3-540-18760-8 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-73325-3
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-73325-3
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in
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Typesetting: K + V Fotosatz GmbH, Beerfelden.
2131/3130-543210
Preface
Work in the oncogene and growth control fields is proceeding at
such a rapid rate that it has become increasingly difficult to keep
abreast of the newest developments. For this reason we chose to
produce a collection of mini-reviews which present an overview of
the current concepts without a lengthy description of primary
data.
In a volume with the relatively wide scope of this one, the
references alone could equal, if not exceed, the length of the
articles. We therefore pressed the contributors not only to keep
their articles below a certain length but, even more to their
dismay, to drastically limit the number of references. The result
is, of course, a compromise in which the brevity is paid for by the
inevitable subjectivity of such an approach. We apologize to all
authors who feel that their work should have been cited; the
missing references might well have been included in the original
version but fell to the axe of the editors.
The choice of topics for a collection of 47 papers is likely to be
somewhat arbitrary, and this volume is no exception. Rather than
attempting to be as comprehensive as possible, we decided to limit
the scope of the book to the better-described experimental systems
to which molecular approaches have been applied. The book
therefore concentrates on fibroblast and hematopoietic cell
systems and largely ignores epithelial cells. We also neglected
certain oncogenes in favor of those which are being studied most
intensively. For example, src, myc and ras are discussed in dif
ferent contexts and in various chapters of the book. Likewise, we
have emphasized the well-studied epidermal growth factor (EGF),
the EGF receptor and its transforming counterpart, the erbB
oncogene.
In putting this volume together we have been aided and en
couraged by several colleagues. We are especially grateful to
Birgit Blanasch, Claire Brady, Ged Brady, Achim Leutz, and
Scott Ness for their generous help.
Heidelberg Patricia Kahn and Thomas Graf
June, 1986
Contents
Introduction ....................................... 1
I Growth Factors and Proto-Oncogenes in Development
and Differentiation
The Expression of Growth Factors and Growth Factor
Receptors During Mouse Embryogenesis
A. JAKOBOVITS (With 1 Figure) ..................... 9
A Role for Proto-Oncogenes in Differentiation?
E. F. WAGNERandR. MULLER..................... 18
Tissue-Specific Expression and Possible Functions of
pp60c-src
L. R. ROHRSCHNEIDER ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
II Growth Factors, Receptors, and Related Oncogenes
The Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factors
N. M. GOUGH.................................... 35
Role of PDGF-Like Growth Factors in Autocrine
Stimulation of Growth of Normal and Transformed
Cells
C.-H. HELDINandB. WESTERMARK(With 1 Figure) 43
Transforming Growth Factor-p
H. L. MOSES and E. B. LEOF ....................... 51
Transforming Growth Factor-a
R. DERYNCK (With 1 Figure) ....................... 58
The Physiology of Epidermal Growth Factor
G. CARPENTER, L. GOODMAN, andL. SHAVER........ 65
VIII Contents
Structural Relationships Between Growth Factor
Precursors and Cell Surface Receptors
S. PFEFFER and A. ULLRICH (With 2 Figures) ......... 70
Regulation of Cell Growth by the EGF Receptor
J. SCHLESSINGER (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Mutational Analysis of v-erbB Oncogene Function
H. BEUG, M. J. HAYMAN, andB. VENNSTROM
(With 1 Figure) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
The c-fms Proto-Oncogene and the CSF-1 Receptor
C. J. SHERR and E. R. STANLEY .................... 93
Activation of the c-src Gene
H. HANAFUSA ................................... 100
Normal and Transforming N-Terminal Variants of c-abl
Y. BEN-NERIAH and D. BALTIMORE (With 3 Figures) . . . 106
Transformation by the v-abl Oncogene
A. GEBHARDTandJ. G. FOULKES................... 115
mos
D. G. BLAIR 121
Structure and Function of the Human Interleukin-2
Receptor
M. HATAKEYAMA, S. MINAMOTO, H. MORI,
and T. TANIGUCHI (With 1 Figure) .................. 128
III Signal Transduction and ras Oncogenes
Phosphorylation in Signal Transmission and
Transformation
T. HUNTER. . .... ... .... .... . . .... ........... .... 138
Inositol Lipids and Cell Proliferation
M. J. BERRIDGE (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Protein Kinase C
P. J. PARKER and A. ULLRICH (With 2 Figures) 154
The Relevance of Protein Kinase C Activation, Glucose
Transport, and A TP Generation in the Response of
Haemopoietic Cells to Growth Factors
T. M. DEXTER, A. D. WHETTON, and C. M. HEYWORTH
(With 1 Figure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Contents IX
Cytoplasmic pH and Free Ca2+ in the Action of Growth
Factors
W. H. MOOLENAAR............................... 170
Epidermal Growth-Factor Mediation of S6
Phosphorylation During the Mitogenic Response:
A Novel S 6 Kinase
G. THOMAS (With 1 Figure) ........................ 177
Role of G Proteins in Transmembrane Signaling: Possible
Functional Homology with the ras Proteins
S. B. MASTERS and H. R. BOURNE (With 1 Figure) . . . .. 184
The ras Gene Family
C. J. MARSHALL (With 1 Figure) .................... 192
RAS Genes and Growth Control in the Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
o. FASANO (With 2 Figures) ........................ 200
IV Gene Expression and Nuclear Oncogenes
Regulation of Human Globin Gene Expression
P. CHARNAY . .... ... . . .... . ... . ... . . ..... ........ 211
Regulation of Gene Expression by Steroid Hormones
M. BEATO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 219
Enhancers as Control Elements for Tissue-Specific
Transcription
U. SCHLOKAT and P. GRUSS (With 2 Figures) ......... 226
The Effect of DNA Methylation on DNA-Protein
Interactions and on the Regulation of Gene Expression
W. DOERFLER ................................... 235
Trans-Acting Elements Encoded in Immediate Early
Genes of DNA Tumor Viruses
L. PHILIPSON (With 1 Figure) ...................... 241
Transactivator Genes of HTLV-I, II, and III
W. A. HASELTINE, J. SODROSKI, C. ROSEN, W. C. GOH,
A. DAYTON, andD. CELANDER(With 2 Figures) ...... 247
x Contents
Involvement of Proto-Oncogenes in Growth Control:
The Induction of c-fos and c-myc by Growth Factors
R. BRAVO and R. MOLLER ......................... 253
Oncogenes and Interferons: Genetic Targets for Animal
Cell Growth Factors
J. ZULLO, D. HALL, B. ROLLINS, and C. D. STILES
(With 1 Figure) .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 259
Regulation of c-myc Expression in Normal and
Transformed Mammalian Cells
P. D. F AHRLANDER and K. B. MARCU (With 1 Figure) 264
Properties of the myc and myb Gene Products
K. MOELLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 271
The fos Oncogene and Transformation
T. JENUWEIN and R. MULLER (With 1 Figure) . . . . . . . .. 278
p53: Molecular Properties and Biological Activities
M. OREN ........................................ 284
V Malignant Transformation as a Multistep Process
Oncogene Cooperativity in Stepwise Transformation of
Rodent Embryo Fibroblasts by Polyoma Virus
E. MOUGNEAU and F. CUZIN ....................... 294
Role of the Middle T: pp60c-src Complex in Cellular
Transformation by Polyoma Virus
S. H. CHENG, W. MARKLAND, and A. E. SMITH. . . . . .. 298
Oncogenes Cooperate, but How?
H. LAND........................................ 304
Individual and Combined Effects of Viral Oncogenes in
Hematopoietic Cells
P. KAHN, A. LEUTZ, and T. GRAF(With 2 Figures) 312
Multiple Factors Involved in B-Cell Tumorigenesis
G. KLEIN. ... . .... .... .... . .... . . ..... ..... . . .... 320
Molecular Events Associated with Tumor Initiation,
Promotion, and Progression in Mouse Skin
A. BALMAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Contents XI
Amplification of Proto-Oncogenes and Tumor
Progression
M. SCHWAB (With 1 Figure) ........................ 332
Suppression of the Neoplastic Phenotype
J. A. WYKE and A. R. GREEN...................... 340
VI Oncogenesis in Transgenic Mice
Oncogenesis in Transgenic Mice
D. HANAHAN (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 365
Contributors
BALMAIN, ALLAN, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research,
Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsdon, Glasgow G61
tBD, Scotland
BALTIMORE, DAVID, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical
Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
BEATO, MIGUEL, Interdisziplinares Zentrum fUr Molekularbio
logie und Tumorforschung, Emil-Mannkopff-Str. 1, D-3550
Marburg, FRG
BEN-NERIAH, YINON, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical
Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
BERRIDGE, MICHAEL 1., A.F.R.C. Unit of Insect Neurophysiolo
gy and Pharmacology, Department of Zoology, University of
Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3E1, UK
BEUG, HARTMUT, Differentiation Programme, European Molec
ular Biology Laboratory, Postfach 10.2209, D-6900 Heidelberg,
FRG
BLAIR, DONALD G., Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, NIH,
National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research Facility,
Frederick, MD, USA
BOURNE, HENRY R., Departments of Pharmacology and
Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
BRAVO, RODRIGO, Differentiation Programme, European Molec
ular Biology Laboratory, Postfach 10.2209, D-6900 Heidelberg,
FRG
CARPENTER, GRAHAM, Department of Biochemistry and Division
of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,
Nashville, TN 37232, USA
CELANDER, DANIEL, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department
of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115,
USA