On the practice of safety

500 Pages·2003·2.3 MB·English

by  Fred A Manuele

ON THE PRACTICE
OF SAFETY
THIRDEDITION
ON THE PRACTICE
OF SAFETY
THIRD EDITION
Fred A. Manuele, CSP, PE
President
Hazards, Limited
A JOHN WILEY& SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
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To Irene
CONTENTS
Preface to the Third Edition ix
Preface to the Second Edition xi
Preface to the First Edition xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction 1
1 SuperiorSafetyPerformance:AReflectionofan
Organization’sCulture 9
2 TransitionsAffectingthePracticeofSafety 36
3 DefiningthePracticeofSafety 56
4 PrinciplesforthePracticeofSafety:ABasisforDiscussion 72
5 AcademicandSkillRequirementsforthePracticeofSafety 88
6 OnBecomingaProfession 106
7 HeinrichRevisited:TruismsorMyths 122
8 AddressingSevereInjuryPotential 147
9 ObservationsonCausationModelsforHazards-Related
Incidents 169
10 ASystemicCausationModelforHazards-RelatedIncidents 189
11 IncidentInvestigation:StudiesofQuality 199
vii
viii CONTENTS
12 DesignerIncidentInvestigation 211
13 CommentsonHazardsandRisks 236
14 HazardAnalysisandRiskAssessment 251
15 AcceptableRisk 272
16 SafetyProfessionalsandtheDesignProcess 288
17 Guidelines:DesigningforSafety 305
18 SystemSafety:TheConcept 324
19 AppliedErgonomics:SignificanceandOpportunity 339
20 OnQualityManagementandthePracticeofSafety 369
21 ASafetyManagementStandard:AFuturisticView 389
22 OnSafety,Health,AndEnvironmentalAudits 401
23 Behavior-BasedSafety 413
24 MeasurementofSafetyPerformance 437
Index 469
PREFACE TO THE
THIRD EDITION
CommencingathirdeditionofOnthePracticeofSafety wasprompted by
comments independently made to me by three professors who are using
the book in their baccalaureate and master’s degree safety programs. This
is a composite of their message: The book is great, but some of your
chapters need updating.
This third edition continues to address those subjects that the author
believesmustbemasteredbythosewhostrivetoattainprofessional status
in the practice of safety. In the essay form used, most of these subjects
are not addressed elsewhere. Their purpose is to provide
• A basis for introspection by those safety professionals who seek to
improve their performance, to be perceived by management as pro-
viding value, and to achieve professional recognition
• A solid foundation with respect to the practice of safety for students
in safety degree programs
ThesecondeditionofOnthePracticeofSafety waswrittenin1995and
1996.Eachchapterhasbeenupdatedinthisthirdeditionandhasalsobeen
extended or revised as needed. In several chapters, this work is extensive.
Also, research I conducted on pertinent safety management subjects since
1996 provided new chapters, of which there are five. They are
• Chapter 7, “Heinrich Revisited: Truisms or Myths”
• Chapter 8, “Addressing Severe Injury Potential”
• Chapter 15, “Acceptable Risk”
• Chapter 21, “A Safety Management Standard: A Futuristic View”
(This is a replacement for a chapter in the second edition which per-
tained to an expected safety and health standard to be issued by the
ix
x PREFACETOTHETHIRDEDITION
Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA], the possi-
bility of which is remote, at least temporarily.)
• Chapter 23, “Behavior-Based Safety”
This book is unique in its style, purpose, and content. This is what one
college professor said about it. “Your book has made me think differently
about safety management, and what I want my students to learn. I hope
you keep the present format in which each chapter is a stand-alone essay.
I know that requires some repetition but the reader benefits by not having
to refer to other chapters while reading the chapter at hand.” With partial
success, that format has been retained.
Recognition has been given in several chapters to a transition that
continues to move forward, and that is the bringing together under one
management the staff responsibilities for safety, occupational health, and
environmental affairs. Often in the book, safety is the only term used, but
it connotes all of the foregoing responsibilities.
As has been the case in previous editions, this third edition emphasizes
the need to balance the design and engineering aspects, the management
and operations aspects, and the task performance aspects of the practice
of safety.
FRED A. MANUELE
PREFACE TO THE
SECOND EDITION
Four plus years have passed since the first edition of this book was
published. And transitions in the practice of safety have continued to
take place, requiring some revisions in all of the essays originally writ-
ten and the addition of new ones. These are the new or significantly
revised chapters.
“Transitions in the Practice of Safety” is the first chapter in this edi-
tion, and it replaces the first chapter in the previous edition. It addressed
the changes that have taken place in the business climate and their effect
on career planning. It also discusses how those changes require having a
practice that has a sound theoretical and practical base, and the opportu-
nities they present. This new chapter also includes the substance of the
last chapter in the first edition, which was “On Management Fads.”
The chapter on the “Principles for the Practice of Safety: A Basis for
Discussion”shouldbeofinteresttothosewhothinkaboutthesubstanceof
whatsafetyprofessionalsdoandwanttomovethestateoftheart forward.
In recognition of the need to further our knowledge of hazards-related
incident causation, a chapter offers “A Systemic Causation Model for
Hazards Related Occupational Incidents.”
“Designer Incident Investigation” is to help safety personnel craft prac-
tical and realistic incident investigation systems, after considering the
resources available and organizational sophistication.
The chapter “Guidelines: Designing for Safety” is a concept paper that
is to assist those whose responsibilities are extended into the design pro-
cesses.
In the first edition, there were separate chapters offering comments
on hazards and risks. They have been combined into one chapter titled
“Comments on Hazards and Risks.”
The original chapter “Anticipating OSHA’s Standard for Safety and
Health Program Management” has been extended to include comments
xi
xii PREFACETOTHESECONDEDITION
on the safety management audit system that OSHA is exploring.
Having sound safety performance measurement systems has become
more important: thus the new chapter “Measurement of Safety Perfor-
mance.”
This second edition emphasizes the need to keep in balance the design
andengineeringaspectsandthemanagementandtaskperformanceaspects
of the practice of safety.
FRED A. MANUELE