OMICS Applications in Crop Science

704 Pages·2013·128.508 MB·English

by  Barh, Debmalya

Biotechnology Barh
OMICS
Applications in O
Crop Science
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Merging topical data from recently published review and research articles, as
well as the knowledge and insight of industry experts, OMICS Applications
I
in Crop Science delves into plant science and various technologies that use
omics in agriculture. This book concentrates on crop breeding and environmental
C
applications, and examines the applications of various omics technologies
including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics as they
relate to important agronomic, horticultural, medicinal, plantation, fiber, forage,
S
and bioenergy crops.
It covers the application of omics technologies in several important crops,
including cereal and pulse. It explores the brassica species, drought tolerance in
rice, and genetic engineering of the potato. The book discusses temperate fruits CA
and omics of medicinal plants, the metabolomics of Catharanthus roseus and how r
p
the medicinally important alkaloids of the plant are produced, as well as the omics o
p
of another important medicinal plant, Withania somnifera. It examines floriculture, p
the omics advances in tea, and omics strategies in improving the fiber qualities l
i
of cotton. It also provides omics-related information on forest trees and forage Sc
crops, and offers a detailed account on how omics technologies are applicable a
c
in molecular farming, along with associated issues such as commercial aspects it
of molecular farming, clinical trials of plant-produced pharmaceuticals, regulatory ei
o
issues, and intellectual property rights. n
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Written as a resource for plant biologists, plant breeders, agriculture scientists, s
e
researchers, and college students studying various fields in agriculture and the
i
agri industries, OMICS Applications in Crop Science compiles the latest
n
research in this essential field of modern crop and plant science utilizing

various omics technologies and their applications in a number of important
crops/plants from agronomy, pomology, olericulture, floriculture, medicinal
plants, plantation and energy crops, agro-forestry, and more.
K19083
ISBN: 978-1-4665-8525-6
90000
9 781466 585256
K19083_COVER_final.indd 1 11/12/13 1:50 PM
OMICS
Applications in
Crop Science

OMICS
Applications in
Crop Science
Edited by
Debmalya Barh
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20131017
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-8531-7 (eBook - PDF)
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Dedicated to my beloved grandmother
Ms. Kulabala Samanta
© 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Contents
Foreword .........................................................................................................................................ix
Preface ..............................................................................................................................................xi
Editor.............................................................................................................................................xiii
Contributors ...................................................................................................................................xv
1. Omics-Based Approaches for Rice Improvement ............................................................1
Somnath Roy, Amrita Banerjee, Somnath Bhattacharya, Arunava Pattanayak, and
Kailash C. Bansal
2. Practical Omics Approaches for Drought Tolerance in Rice .......................................47
Prashant Vikram, B. P. Mallikarjuna Swamy, and Arvind Kumar
3. Omics Approaches in Maize Improvement ....................................................................73
Pawan K. Agrawal, Navinder Saini, B. Kalyana Babu, and Jagdish C. Bhatt
4. Omics Approaches in Pulses ............................................................................................101
Abhishek Bohra, Uday Chand Jha, Balwant Singh, Khela Ram Soren, Indra Prakash
Singh, Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi, Nagaswamy Nadarajan, and Debmalya Barh
5. Genetic Engineering in Potato Improvement ...............................................................139
Elena Rakosy-Tican
6. Omics Applications in Brassica Species .......................................................................163
Xiaonan Li, Nirala Ramchiary, Vignesh Dhandapani, Su Ryun Choi, and Yong Pyo Lim
7. Integrating Omics Approaches in Sugarcane Improvement .....................................191
Rachayya M. Devarumath, Sachin B. Kalwade, Pranali A. Kulkarni,
Suman S. Sheelavanthmath, and Penna Suprasanna
8. Recent Advances in Temperate Fruit Crops: An Omics Perspective .......................251
Md. Abdur Rahim and Livio Trainotti
9. Omics Approaches in Tropical Fruit Crops ..................................................................285
Kundapura V. Ravishankar, Kanupriya, Ajitha-kumar Rekha, Anuradha Upadhyay,
Chinmaiyan Vasugi, N. Vijayakumari, Pooja Kishnani, and Makki R. Dinesh
10. Catharanthus roseus: The Metabolome That Represents a Unique Reservoir
of Medicinally Important Alkaloids under Precise Genomic Regulation .............325
Ashutosh K. Shukla and Suman P.S. Khanuja
11. Omics of Secondary Metabolic Pathways in Withania somnifera Dunal
(ashwagandha) ....................................................................................................................385
Neelam S. Sangwan, Laxmi N. Misra, Sandhya Tripathi, and Amit K. Kushwaha
© 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC vii
viii Contents
12. Genetic Engineering in Ornamental Plants .................................................................409
Rajesh Kumar Dubey, Simrat Singh, Gurupkar Singh Sidhu, and Manisha Dubey
13. Omics Advances in Tea (Camellia sinensis) .................................................................439
Mainaak Mukhopadhyay, Bipasa Sarkar, and Tapan Kumar Mondal
14. Omics Approaches to Improving Fiber Qualities in Cotton .....................................467
Tianzhen Zhang, Xiangdong Chen, and Wangzhen Guo
15. Forestry and Engineered Forest Trees ............................................................................491
Mohammed Ellatifi
16. Application of Omics Technologies in Forage Crop Improvement ..........................523
Suresh Kumar and Vishnu Bhat
17. Bioenergy Crops Enter the Omics Era ............................................................................549
Atul Grover, Patade Vikas Yadav, Maya Kumari, Sanjay Mohan Gupta,
Mohommad Arif, and Zakwan Ahmed
18. Molecular Farming in the Decades of Omics ...............................................................563
Dinesh K. Yadav, Neelam Yadav, and S.M. Paul Khurana
19. Natural Pesticidome Replacing Conventional Pesticides...........................................603
Daiane Hansen
20. Intellectual Property Rights in Plant Biotechnology: Relevance,
Present Status, and Future Prospects .............................................................................621
Dinesh Yadav, Gautam Anand, Sangeeta Yadav, Amit K. Dubey, Naveen C. Bisht,
and Bijaya K. Sarangi
© 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Foreword
This valuable book comes out at a very convenient and even crucial time. Plants, both
extant and extinct, are the ultimate source of most of our food, fuel, fibers, fabrics, and
even our “farmaceuticals.” The world population is still increasing, available arable land is
decreasing, the climate is becoming more erratic and extreme, and water is an increasingly
scarce resource over much of the planet, while in other areas, flooding predominates. The
situation is severe, perhaps dire, but the attitude of Chicken Little, “The sky is falling, the
sky is falling!” is not the attitude being adopted by scientists around the world. Instead,
agronomists, biochemists, biotechnologists, geneticists, horticulturalists, molecular biolo-
gists, plant biologists, and others are seeking to adopt the most recent, promising tech-
niques developed from the various fields of omics, such as genomics (the complete DNA
sequence of an organism), transcriptomics (the array of mRNAs currently being used),
proteomics (the array of proteins present), metabolomics (the vast array of metabolites
present in a cell, organ, or individual), and phenomics (the phenotypic expression of all
of the above). Here, in this book, are the fruits (and seeds, leaves, and roots) of these col-
laborative efforts to alleviate global suffering.
The particular plants studied include those used for food, such as rice in Chapters 1
and 2, maize in Chapter 3, legumes in Chapter 4, potatoes in Chapter 5, Brassica species in
Chapter 6, sugarcane in Chapter 7, temperate fruit in Chapter 8, tropical fruit in Chapter 9,
tea (the most important crop for an Englishman such as myself) in Chapter 13, medicinal
plants in Chapters 10 and 11, fiber (cotton) in Chapter 14, natural resources (forest trees)
in Chapter 15, animal feed (forage crops) in Chapter 16, bioenergy crops in Chapter 17,
molecular “pharming” in Chapter 18, biopesticides in Chapter 19, beauty (ornamentals) in
Chapter 12, and patent rights in Chapter 20. The authors come from five continents: Africa
(Morocco), Asia (China, India, the Philippines, Korea), Australia, Europe (Italy, Romania),
and South America (Brazil) and represent countries comprising over 3 billion people
(>40% of the world’s population).
The specific problems they confront and the “omics” approaches employed include
genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics to identify quantitative trait loci
(QTL) in rice (Chapter 1); genomics and phenomics to identify specific QTL for drought
resistance in rice (Chapter 2); genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in maize (Chapter
3); a gamut of approaches to understand pulse crops (Chapter 4); genetic engineering to
improve the potato (Chapter 5); functional genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics
in Brassica species (Chapter 6) genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics
in sugarcane (Chapter 7);, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches for
temperature fruit crops, with the complete genome sequences of 11 of these crops already
furnished (Chapter 8); transcriptome and proteome analysis in several tropical fruit crops,
with the full genome already mapped for four (Chapter 9); genomics, transcriptomics, pro-
teomics, and metabolomics combined with the important medicinal plants Catharanthus
roseus and Withania somnifera and a new “omics”, alkaloidomics, which has been specially
developed (Chapters 10 and 11); genetic engineering used with ornamental plants to
enhance resistance, shelf life, and other desirable traits (Chapter 12); the eagerly anticipated
release of the complete genome of tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze), which is expected
to bring improvements in this recalcitrant species (Chapter 13); and genomics, transcrip-
tomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in cotton (Chapter 14). The situation in forest trees
© 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ix