Table Of Content

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING WITH C+ + Fifth Edition About the Author E Balagurusamy, former Vice Chancellor, Anna University, Chennai and Member, Union Public Service Commission, New Delhi, is currently the Chairman of EBG Foundation, Coimbatore. He is a teacher, trainer, and consultant in the fields of Information Technology and Management. He holds an ME (Hons) in Electrical Engineering and PhD in Systems Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. His areas of interest include Object-Oriented Software Engineering, E-Governance, Technology Management, Business Process Re-engineering, and Total Quality Management. A prolific writer, he has authored a large number of research papers and several books. His best selling books, among others include – • Fundamentals of Computers • Computing Fundamentals and C Programming • Programming in ANSI C, 5e • Programming in Java, 4e • Programming in BASIC, 3e • Programming in C#, 3e • Numerical Methods • Reliability Engineering A recipient of numerous honors and awards, E Balagurusamy has been listed in the Directory of Who’s Who of Intellectuals and in the Directory of Distinguished Leaders in Education. OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING WITH C++ Fifth Edition E Balagurusamy Chairman EBG Foundation Coimbatore Tata McGraw-Hill Published by Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, 7 West Patel Nagar, New Delhi 110 008 Object Oriented Programming with C++, 5e Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2006, 2001, 1994, by Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publishers. The program listings (if any) may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited. ISBN (13 digits): 978-0-07-107283-0 ISBN (10 digits): 0-07-107283-7 Vice President and Managing Director —McGraw-Hill Education, Asia Pacific Region: Ajay Shukla Head—Higher Education Publishing and Marketing: Vibha Mahajan Manager: Sponsoring—SEM & Tech Ed.: Shalini Jha Assoc. Sponsoring Editor: Suman Sen Development Editor: Surbhi Suman Copy Editor: Preyoshi Kundu Sr Production Manager: Satinder S Baveja Production Executive: Anuj Kr Shriwastava Dy Marketing Manager—SEM & Tech Ed.: Biju Ganesan Sr Product Specialist—SEM & Tech Ed.: John Mathews General Manager—Production: Rajender P Ghansela Asst General Manager—Production: B L Dogra Information contained in this work has been obtained by Tata McGraw-Hill, from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither Tata McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither Tata McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that Tata McGraw-Hill and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. Typeset at BeSpoke Integrated Solutions, Puducherry, India 605 008 and printed at Gopsons, A - 2 & 3, Sector - 64, Noida, U.P. - 201 301 Cover: Gopsons DALYYRZCRALLR Contents Preface 1. Principles of Object-Oriented Programming 1.1 Software Crisis 1.2 Software Evolution 1.3 A Look at Procedure-Oriented Programming 1.4 Object-Oriented Programming Paradigm 1.5 Basic Concepts of Object-Oriented Programming 1.6 Benefits of OOP 1.7 Object-Oriented Languages 1.8 Applications of OOP Summary Key Terms Review Questions 2. Beginning with C++ 2.1 What is C++? 2.2 Applications of C++ 2.3 A Simple C++ Program 2.4 More C++ Statements 2.5 An Example with Class 2.6 Structure of C++ Program 2.7 Creating the Source File 2.8 Compiling and Linking Summary Key Terms Review Questions Debugging Exercises Programming Exercises 3. Tokens, Expressions and Control Structures 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Tokens 3.3 Keywords 3.4 Identifiers and Constants 3.5 Basic Data Types 3.6 User-Defined Data Types 3.7 Storage Classes 3.8 Derived Data Types 3.9 Symbolic Constants 3.10 Type Compatibility 3.11 Declaration of Variables 3.12 Dynamic Initialization of Variables 3.13 Reference Variables 3.14 Operators in C++ 3.15 Scope Resolution Operator 3.16 Member Dereferencing Operators 3.17 Memory Management Operators 3.18 Manipulators 3.19 Type Cast Operator 3.20 Expressions and Their Types 3.21 Special Assignment Expressions 3.22 Implicit Conversions 3.23 Operator Overloading 3.24 Operator Precedence 3.25 Control Structures Summary Key Terms Review Questions Debugging Exercises Programming Exercises 4. Functions in C++ 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Main Function 4.3 Function Prototyping 4.4 Call by Reference 4.5 Return by Reference 4.6 Inline Functions 4.7 Default Arguments 4.8 const Arguments 4.9 Recursion 4.10 Function Overloading 4.11 Friend and Virtual Functions 4.12 Math Library Functions Summary Key Terms Review Questions Debugging Exercises Programming Exercises 5. Classes and Objects 5.1 Introduction 5.2 C Structures Revisited 5.3 Specifying a Class 92 5.4 Defining Member Functions 5.5 A C++ Program with Class 5.6 Making an Outside Function Inline 5.7 Nesting of Member Functions 5.8 Private Member Functions 5.9 Arrays within a Class 5.10 Memory Allocation for Objects 5.11 Static Data Members 5.12 Static Member Functions