Object-oriented analysis and design with applications

721 Pages·2007·9.533 MB·English

by  Booch, Grady;Maksimchuk, Robert A;Engle, Michael W;Young, Bobbi J

Object-Oriented
Analysis and Design
with Applications
Third Edition
The Addison-Wesley Object Technology Series
Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson, and James Rumbaugh, Series Editors
For more information, check out the series web site at www.awprofessional.com/otseries.
Ahmed/Umrysh,Developing Enterprise Java Applications with J2EE™ Kruchten,The Rational Unified Process, 3E: An Introduction
and UML LaLonde,Discovering Smalltalk
Arlow/Neustadt, Enterprise Patterns and MDA: Building Better Software Lau,The Art of Objects: Object-Oriented Design and Architecture
with Archetype Patterns and UML
Leffingwell/Widrig,Managing Software Requirements, 2E: A Use Case
Arlow/Neustadt, UML 2 and the Unified Process, Second Edition Approach
Armour/Miller,Advanced Use Case Modeling: Software Systems Manassis,Practical Software Engineering: Analysis and Design for the
Bellin/Simone,The CRC Card Book .NET Platform
Bergström/Råberg, Adopting the Rational Unified Process: Success with Marshall,Enterprise Modeling with UML: Designing Successful
the RUP Software through Business Analysis
Binder, Testing Object-Oriented Systems:Models, Patterns, and Tools McGregor/Sykes, A Practical Guide to Testing Object-Oriented Software
Bittner/Spence,Use Case Modeling Mellor/Balcer, Executable UML: A Foundation for Model-Driven
Booch,Object Solutions: Managing the Object-Oriented Project Architecture
Booch,Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications, 2E Mellor et al., MDADistilled: Principles of Model-Driven Architecture
Booch/Bryan,Software Engineering with ADA, 3E Naiburg/Maksimchuk, UML for Database Design
Booch/Rumbaugh/Jacobson,The Unified Modeling Language User Oestereich,Developing Software with UML, 2E: Object-Oriented
Guide, Second Edition Analysis and Design in Practice
Box et al., Effective COM: 50 Ways to Improve Your COMand MTS- Page-Jones, Fundamentals of Object-Oriented Design in UML
based Applications Pohl,Object-Oriented Programming Using C++, 2E
Buckley/Pulsipher, The Art of ClearCase®Deployment Pollice et al. Software Development for Small Teams: A RUP-Centric
Carlson,Modeling XML Applications with UML: Practical Approach
e-Business Applications Quatrani,Visual Modeling with Rational Rose 2002 and UML
Clarke/Baniassad, Aspect-Oriented Analysis and Design Rector/Sells,ATLInternals
Collins,Designing Object-Oriented User Interfaces Reed,Developing Applications with Visual Basic and UML
Conallen,Building Web Applications with UML, 2E Rosenberg/Scott, Applying Use Case Driven Object Modeling with
Denney, Succeeding with Use Cases UML: An Annotated e-Commerce Example
D’Souza/Wills,Objects, Components, and Frameworks with UML: The Rosenberg/Scott, Use Case Driven Object Modeling with UML:
Catalysis(SM) Approach A Practical Approach
Douglass,Doing Hard Time: Developing Real-Time Systems with UML, Royce, Software Project Management:A Unified Framework
Objects, Frameworks, and Patterns Rumbaugh/Jacobson/Booch,The Unified Modeling Language Reference
Douglass,Real-Time Design Patterns: Robust Scalable Architecture for Manual
Real-Time Systems Schneider/Winters, Applying Use Cases, 2E:A Practical Guide
Douglass,Real Time UML, 3E: Advances in The UML for Real-Time Smith,IBM Smalltalk
Systems Smith/Williams, Performance Solutions: A Practical Guide to Creating
Eeles et al., Building J2EE™Applications with the Rational Unified Process Responsive, Scalable Software
Fowler, Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models Tkach/Fang/So, Visual Modeling Technique
Fowler, UML Distilled, 3E: ABrief Guide to the Standard Object Tkach/Puttick,Object Technology in Application Development, Second
Modeling Language Edition
Fowler et al., Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code Unhelkar, Process Quality Assurance for UML-Based Projects
Gomaa,Designing Concurrent, Distributed, and Real-Time Applications Warmer/Kleppe, The Object Constraint Language, 2E: Getting Your
with UML Models Ready for MDA
Gomaa,Designing Software Product Lines with UML White,Software Configuration Management Strategies and Rational
Heinckiens,Building Scalable Database Applications: Object-Oriented ClearCase®:APractical Introduction
Design, Architectures, and Implementations The Component Software Series
Hofmeister/Nord/Dilip,Applied Software Architecture Clemens Szyperski, Series Editor
Jacobson/Booch/Rumbaugh,The Unified Software Development Process For more information, check out the series web site at
Jacobson/Ng,Aspect-Oriented Software Development with Use Cases www.awprofessional.com/csseries.
Jordan,C++ Object Databases: Programming with the ODMG
Standard Cheesman/Daniels,UML Components: A Simple Process for Specifying
Component-Based Software
Kleppe/Warmer/Bast,MDA Explained: The Model Driven
Architecture™: Practice and Promise Szyperski,Component Software, 2E: Beyond Object-Oriented
Programming
Kroll/Kruchten,The Rational Unified Process Made Easy: A
Practitioner’s Guide to the RUP
Object-Oriented
Analysis and Design
with Applications
Third Edition
Grady Booch
Robert A. Maksimchuk
Michael W. Engle
Bobbi J. Young, Ph.D.
Jim Conallen
Kelli A. Houston
Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco
New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid
Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks.
Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have
been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals.
The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of
any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential
damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein.
The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which
may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing
focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact:
U.S. Corporate and Government Sales
[phone]
[email protected]
For sales outside the United States please contact:
International Sales
[email protected]
This Book Is Safari Enabled
The Safari® Enabled icon on the cover of your favorite technology book means the book is available
through Safari Bookshelf. When you buy this book, you get free access to the online edition for
45 days.
Safari Bookshelf is an electronic reference library that lets you easily search thousands of technical books, find code
samples, download chapters, and access technical information whenever and wherever you need it.
To gain 45-day Safari Enabled access to this book:
• Go to http://www.awprofessional.com/safarienabled
• Complete the brief registration form
• Enter the coupon code A7LL-9MZM-SGNL-UNMB-SJX7
If you have difficulty registering on Safari Bookshelf or accessing the online edition, please e-mail
[email protected].
Visit us on the Web: www.awprofessional.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Object-oriented analysis and design with applications / Grady Booch...[et
al.]. — 3rd ed.
p. cm.
Rev. ed. of: Object-oriented analysis and design with applications / Grady
Booch, 2nd ed.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-201-89551-X (hardback : alk. paper)
1. Object-oriented programming (Computer science) I. Booch, Grady. II.
Booch, Grady. Object-oriented analysis and design with applications.
QA76.64.B66 2007
005.1'17—dc22 2007002589
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission
must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding
permissions, write to:
Pearson Education, Inc.
Rights and Contracts Department
75 Arlington Street, Suite 300
Boston, MA 02116
Fax: [phone]
ISBN 0-201-89551-X
Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at Courier in Westford, Massachusetts.
First printing, April 2007
To Jan
my friend, my lover, my wife
—Grady
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
Sidebars xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xix
About the Authors xxi
Section I Concepts 1
Chapter 1 Complexity 3
1.1 The Structure of Complex Systems 4
1.2 The Inherent Complexity of Software 7
1.3 The Five Attributes of a Complex System 12
1.4 Organized and Disorganized Complexity 14
1.5 Bringing Order to Chaos 18
1.6 On Designing Complex Systems 24
Chapter 2 The Object Model 29
2.1 The Evolution of the Object Model 29
2.2 Foundations of the Object Model 37
2.3 Elements of the Object Model 43
2.4 Applying the Object Model 71
vii
viii CONTENTS
Chapter 3 Classes and Objects 75
3.1 The Nature of an Object 75
3.2 Relationships among Objects 88
3.3 The Nature of a Class 92
3.4 Relationships among Classes 96
3.5 The Interplay of Classes and Objects 111
3.6 On Building Quality Classes and Objects 112
Chapter 4 Classification 121
4.1 The Importance of Proper Classification 121
4.2 Identifying Classes and Objects 126
4.3 Key Abstractions and Mechanisms 138
Section II Method 145
Chapter 5 Notation 147
5.1 The Unified Modeling Language 147
5.2 Package Diagrams 155
5.3 Component Diagrams 163
5.4 Deployment Diagrams 171
5.5 Use Case Diagrams 175
5.6 Activity Diagrams 185
5.7 Class Diagrams 192
5.8 Sequence Diagrams 206
5.9 Interaction Overview Diagrams 213
5.10 Composite Structure Diagrams 215
5.11 State Machine Diagrams 218
5.12 Timing Diagrams 231
5.13 Object Diagrams 235
5.14 Communication Diagrams 238
Chapter 6 Process 247
6.1 First Principles 248
6.2 The Macro Process: The Software Development Lifecycle 256
6.3 The Micro Process: The Analysis and Design Process 272
Chapter 7 Pragmatics 303
7.1 Management and Planning 304
7.2 Staffing 308
7.3 Release Management 312
7.4 Reuse 314
7.5 Quality Assurance and Metrics 316
CONTENTS ix
7.6 Documentation 320
7.7 Tools 322
7.8 Special Topics 324
7.9 The Benefits and Risks of Object-Oriented Development 326
Section III Applications 331
Chapter 8 System Architecture: Satellite-Based
Navigation 333
8.1 Inception 334
8.2 Elaboration 347
8.3 Construction 370
8.4 Post-Transition 371
Chapter 9 Control System: Traffic
Management 375
9.1 Inception 376
9.2 Elaboration 385
9.3 Construction 396
9.4 Post-Transition 411
Chapter 10 Artificial Intelligence:
Cryptanalysis 413
10.1 Inception 414
10.2 Elaboration 421
10.3 Construction 427
10.4 Post-Transition 446
Chapter 11 Data Acquisition: Weather Monitoring
Station 449
11.1 Inception 450
11.2 Elaboration 463
11.3 Construction 474
11.4 Post-Transition 487
Chapter 12 Web Application: Vacation Tracking
System 489
12.1 Inception 490
12.2 Elaboration 494
12.3 Construction 506
12.4 Transition and Post-Transition 534