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Late Edition Today,mostly cloudy, periods of rain in the afternoon, high 56. Tonight,a gusty shower early, low 38. Tomor- row, very windy, chilly, high 42. Weather map appears on Page 28. VOL.CLXX... No. 58,864 ©2020 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER1, 2020 $6.00 Intense Battle Days From the Election, To Earn Votes An Astonishing Number Of Black Men Of Ballots Already Cast A Crucial Competition for Both Candidates As Record 90 Million Votes Pour In, This article is by Astead W. Hern- States’ Officials Gird for Count don, Nick Corasanitiand Kathleen Gray. DETROIT — Four years after an election that came down to By NICK CORASANITI and STEPHANIE SAUL Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wis- PHILADELPHIA — An un- tered Democrats, and 37.9 percent consin, the campaigns of Joseph nerved yet energized America is from registered Republicans, and R. Biden Jr. and President Trump voting with an urgency never in heavily Democratic Miami- are waging an intense and sur- seen before in the approach to a Dade County, registered Republi- prising battle in those states for presidential election, as a record cans are turning out at a slightly votes among a crucial demo- 90 million people have cast ballots higher percentage than Demo- graphic: Black men. despite an array of challenges: a crats. Included in those returns The outreach is vital for Demo- Campaign 2020: Let’s Get to 2021 in One Piece pandemic, postal delays, long are millions of ballots marked no crats, who lost the three industrial lines and court rulings that have party affiliation, with no indica- states in 2016 partly because of di- tested faith in the country’s elec- tion whether Mr. Biden or Mr. minished support from Black vot- A tour of the final, furious campaign days for Joseph R. Biden Jr. and President Trump toral system. Trump is leading. ers. They worry that not enough makes clear that the abiding theme of 2020 is something like survival. Pages 20-21. In Texas and Hawaii, turnout A recent national poll by The Black men will cast ballots — or has already exceeded the total New York Times and Siena Col- that Mr. Trump might make vote from 2016, with days left for lege found that Republicans were enough marginal gains to help in absentee ballots to be returned. more likely to vote on Election close races. Ten other states, including major Day than to vote early, while Dem- The Biden campaign is now battlegrounds like Georgia, Flor- ocrats showed a preference for heavily focused on getting Black ida, North Carolina, Arizona and voting early. Polls in Georgia, men to turn out to vote: Mr. Biden Nevada, have surpassed 80 per- and former President Barack cent of the turnout from the last Obama are campaigning together presidential election. Over all, the for the first time this year on Sat- early turnout has set the country urday in Detroit and Flint, Mich. on course to surpass 150 million Mr. Biden is also running a series votes for the first time in history. of ads featuring young Black men The impact of this huge surge in from Flint, tying local issues to the turnout is one of the most unpre- election. One walks through the dictable facets of the election, as history of Black voter suppres- strategists in both parties parse sion; another starts with Mr. Bi- early returns for signs of any ad- den saying “Black Lives Matter, period.” vantage. Joseph R. Biden Jr., the In Philadelphia, where Hillary Democratic nominee, is counting Clinton had strong but not surging on a strong early vote to help him support from Black voters in 2016, flip states like Florida and Ari- the Biden camp also deployed Mr. zona that President Trump car- Osdeabnyat m Sraeo nufoanrtdo ar t dCaaboyrle yos fB cionao mktephrae ti ogc nSiitunyng’s-, rboiuaentd ik niin nb gi2g 0go1en6r. tBnhuuemti rRb veeprostue obrnlsi c Eatlone sct tuaiorrnne SortingR UbTHa FllRoEMtsSO Nin/T HEt hNEeW eYOleRcK tTiIoMEnS northern neighborhoods, and re- Day and deliver battleground office of Kittanning, Pa., in lied on leaders like Sharif Street, a PHOTOGRAPHS BY TODD HEISLER/THE NEW YORK TIMES wins, as they did in key states in Armstrong County on Friday. state senator and the son of for- 2016. mer Mayor John F. Street, to can- Mr. Trump, campaigning on Iowa and other battleground vass neighborhoods multiple Foiled Once, Giuliani’s Team Peddles More Dirt Saturday in Bucks County, Pa., states showed a similar trend. times. predicted a race that will be unde- As the nation enters one of the The Trump strategy has aimed cided on Election Day with chaos most consequential weeks for vot- to erode Mr. Biden’s support with Each faced some combination younger Biden that they hoped to come. ing in recent years, with swaths of a negative campaign. One televi- This article is by Kenneth P. Vogel, of legal or credibility issues, but on would sully his father’s reputa- “We’re going to be waiting,” Americans nervous about sion ad replays Mr. Biden’s contro- Jim Rutenberg and Maggie Ha- this night they had reason to cele- tion. said Mr. Trump, who has spent whether their ballots will be re- vmBMtithealeerarl.n s c1Taitk9ra,d 9uilsn 4Am “mwccpyrlha,eoi mairiucmni echdia abnh nriigenelsl ’p q.t“ r AcuJiooeBs sueesleltas tdi Bc oh okniifsds” eu4 erd0ponc phl doeooImi ngirwnt--- iRabdeduerOvdnminotsa letpnhrTh. erS uwtWemep. ephGk’seei nun pldKiea o.rn Bfsi Oo,a ncnhatni.ls o 1 0nfla,o aPwrnmrydeee sarr- bedcborree.aTp lityvhfer ea:oort fmae wa d p e htaleaoa kn rTled awnh pddeatr ,osN iMp vce eorw b.m pG eYuilinoroupngrlikog at rioPnntgeiog edhs t tahtt daoo- bgutoaun InMmdt e tbrwrw.l cTioanur stgyut eimstnahegprres ’iM se al srarg e.ot oBe-fe swaildtet itectiahntnci oatkhanssne atb hg ytoaho fltarti neebl nakoetf--- mmgAinon oaT,od niuhal .tyr noh“ oudcNsug o ow’hurdve ne.iD s’t3rgrpe eoyiams .i”nrn goaogocgt ri tinagnogto gsh i t naohvgv aco evott oebimn ekmgedn alaoainbwnmdy-. ctccmeeeiaroirvlmunsens iadn taci eanrbdnogo sd uast tco tfot huhuepreni uco tvsoueihudrs nu eattsfnhr ftydoroo r ho uvtat ogthvotheee s r ,bsh coe oodferfneine--- sulted Millions of Black Ameri- prominent new ally, a Chinese bil- Hunter Biden, the son of Mr. ing him to the messy personal and tained an edge in early turnout in up election systems that have cans” has been running across the lionaire and Mar-a-Lago member Trump’s Democratic opponent, business affairs of his son. nearly every state that has seen been pushed to the brink. They country for the past week. named Guo Wengui, gathered at former Vice President Joseph R. The main impact of the attacks record participation, Republicans are recruiting tens of thousands of The battle for Black men is one Mr. Guo’s luxury apartment over- Biden Jr. The hard drive was filled to that point had been a spectacu- have been closing the gap. In Flor- additional poll workers, working of the more surprising develop- looking Central Park for dinner with what the men claimed was lar backfire: the impeachment of ida, for example, 40 percent of the around the clock to process ballots Continued on Page22 and cigars. compromising material about the Continued on Page23 ballots returned came from regis- Continued on Page21 SEAN CONNERY, 1930-2020 Tracing Now All but Impossible Original ‘Bond, James Bond,’ As Outbreaks Tear Through U.S. Who Refused to Be Typecast By SARAH MERVOSH and LUCY TOM cret Service — none uttered the When the coronavirus first tested positive for the virus. By ALJEAN HARMET words or played the part as mag- erupted in Sioux Falls, S.D., in the As the coronavirus soars across Sean Connery, the irascible Scot netically or as indelibly as Mr. spring, Mayor Paul TenHaken ar- the country, charting a single-day from the slums of Edinburgh who Connery. rived at work each morning with a record of 99,155 new cases on Fri- found international fame as Holly- Tall, dark and dashing, he em- clear mission: Stop the outbreak day and surpassing nine million wood’s original James Bond, dis- bodied the novelist Ian Fleming’s at the pork plant. Hundreds of em- cases nationwide, tracing the path mayed his fans by walking away suave and resourceful secret ployees, chopping meat shoulder of the pandemic in the United from the Bond franchise and went agent in the first five Bond films to shoulder, had gotten sick in States is no longer simply chal- on to have a long and fruitful ca- and seven over all, vanquishing what was then the largest virus lenging. It has become nearly im- reer as a respected actor and an diabolical villains and voluptuous cluster in the United States. possible. always bankable star, has died in women alike beginning with “Dr. SUNSET BOULEVARD/CORBIS, VIA GETTY IMAGES That outbreak was extin- Gone are the days when Ameri- Nassau, the Bahamas. He was 90. No” in 1962. Sean Connery as James Bond on the set of “Goldfinger,” the guished months ago, and these cans could easily understand the His death, in his sleep either As a more violent, moody and 1964 film. He played Agent 007 in a total of seven movies. days, when he heads into City virus by tracking rising case num- late Friday or early Saturday, was dangerous man than the James Hall, the situation is far more neb- bers back to discrete sources — confirmed by his family. Bond in Fleming’s books, Mr. Con- ulous. The virus has spread all the crowded factory, the troubled “Bond, James Bond” was the nery was the top box-office star in ing Bond after the fifth film in the ice” (1969). over town. nursing home, the rowdy bar. character’s familiar self-introduc- both Britain and the United States series, “You Only Live Twice” Mr. Connery was lured back for “You can swing a cat and hit Now, there are so many cases, in tion, and to legions of fans who in 1965 after the success of “From (1967), and was replaced by one more Bond movie, “Diamonds someone who has got it,” said Mr. so many places, that many people have watched a parade of actors Russia With Love” (1963), “Gold- George Lazenby, a little-known Are Forever” (1971), only by the TenHaken, who had to reschedule are coming to a frightening con- play the role — otherwise known finger” (1964) and “Thunderball” Australian actor and model, in offer of $1 million as an advance his own meetings to Zoom this clusion: They have no idea where as Agent 007 on Her Majesty’s Se- (1965). But he grew tired of play- “On Her Majesty’s Secret Serv- Continued on Page31 past week after his assistant Continued on Page8 NATIONAL 15-30 SUNDAY BUSINESS Salesforce. Battleground Dispatches A Car-Free Neighborhood The Times looks at 10 states that Presi- On an empty lot near Phoenix, perhaps #1 CRM. dent Trump and Joseph R. Biden Jr. are the most auto-addicted city in America, seriously contesting to help explain how a start-up is building apartments with voters see the race and the issues that zero places for residents to park. PAGE 1 are driving it. PAGES 24-25 TRACKING AN OUTBREAK 4-8 Ranked#1forCRMApplications basedonIDC2020H1Revenue 19.8% A Restaurant’s Desperate Fight INTERNATIONAL 10-14 MarketShareWorldwide. From outdoor dining to nonprofit work, The World Holds Its Breath Gertie, a luncheonette in Brooklyn that President Trump turned American was just about to expand when the foreign policy inside out, and foreign pandemic hit, has shifted gears over nations are watching the election to see and over to stay afloat. PAGE 4 which direction the U.S. goes. PAGE 14 ARTS & LEISURE SUNDAY STYLES Reveling in Being Cut Off The Art of the Scream Doing the 2020 Time Warp After chafing against their isolation for What’s more fundamental to scary 5.3% The isolation, monotony and chronic so long, Australians these days are movies than a bone-chilling shriek? But 43..89%% stress of this pandemic year are jum- finding island life a privilege when delivering a terrifying wail isn’t easy. In 3.8% bling our sense of chronology. PAGE 1 pestilence lies beyond. PAGE 10 fact, it’s an entire discipline. PAGE 6 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020H1 AT HOME SUNDAY REVIEW Source:IDC,WorldwideSemiannual SoftwareTracker,October2020. Virtual Wedding Etiquette Jennifer Senior PAGE 3 But who holds the rings? The pandemic salesforce.com/number1CRM has created a whole new set of rules for hosting and attending weddings. Here’s U(D547FD)v+&![!/!?!" MCRaMnagmeamrkeentt,inCculustdoemsetrheSefrovlilcoew,iCnognItDaCct-dCeefninteedr,Afudnvcetritoisninalg,maanrdkeDtsig:itSaalleCsomFomrceercPeroAdpupclticivaittiyonasn.d©M2a0n2a0gesmaleesnfto,rcMea.crokmeti,nigncC.aAmllprigahigtns a handy guide. PAGE 7 reserved.Salesforce.comisaregisteredtrademarkofsalesforce.com,inc.,asareothernamesandmarks. 2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY,NOVEMBER1, 2020 A.G. SULZBERGER NEWS EDITORIAL Publisher DEAN BAQUET Executive Editor KATHLEEN KINGSBURY Editorial Page Editor The truth JOSEPH KAHN Managing Editor Founded in 1851 REBECCA BLUMENSTEIN Deputy Managing Editor BUSINESS is essential. APuDbOliLshPeHr 1S8. 9O6C-H19S35 SMTAETVTEH DEUWE PNUERSDDYepDuetyp uMtya Mnaagninagg iEndg iEtodritor MEREDITH KOPIT LEVIEN Chief Executive Officer ROLAND A. CAPUTO Chief Financial Officer ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGER CAROLYN RYAN Deputy Managing Editor DIANE BRAYTON General Counsel and Secretary; Publisher 1935-1961 ELISABETH BUMILLER Assistant Managing Editor Interim Executive V.P., Talent & Inclusion ORVIL E. DRYFOOS SAM DOLNICK Assistant Managing Editor WILLIAM T. BARDEEN Chief Strategy Officer Publisher 1961-1963 MONICA DRAKE Assistant Managing Editor R. ANTHONY BENTEN Chief Accounting Officer, Treasurer MATTHEW ERICSON Assistant Managing Editor STEPHEN DUNBAR-JOHNSON President, International ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER ALISON MITCHELL Assistant Managing Editor Publisher 1963-1992 SAM SIFTON Assistant Managing Editor ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER JR. MICHAEL SLACKMAN Assistant Managing Editor Publisher 1992-2017 Inside The Times The Newspaper And Beyond THE STORY BEHIND THE STORY CROSSWORD THE MAGAZINE, PAGE 46 OBITUARIES PAGES 31-32 WEATHER PAGE 28 VIDEO This week’s “Behind the Cover” segment previews The New York Times Magazine’s latest cover story, which argues that the Re- publican Party has become almost completely defined by its mem- bers’ loyalty to President Trump. nytimes.com/magazine ELISABETH BUMILLER/THE NEW YORK TIMES P.J. Anthony, left, in 1988 with Steven R. Weisman, then The Times’s New Delhi bureau chief. Mr. Anthony was a beloved manager of the bureau for decades. He died on Oct. 21 at 82. A Guiding Hand in India Is Gone By JEFFREY GETTLEMAN bewilderingly complex countries on Earth. NEW DELHI — For more than half a P.J. loved every day of it. The joys. AUDIO century, Parambaloth Joseph Anthony, a Even into his 70s and 80s, he was often On a new episode of the “Still shrewd and sweet-natured man, served as the first one in the office, and you could Processing” podcast, Wesley The New York Times’s secret weapon in always tell when he was approaching. The The tribulations. India. street dogs outside the bureau would go Morris and Jenna Wortham dis- cuss recent events that point our As the New Delhi bureau manager from crazy, howling in delight. culture toward the future, from the the mid-1960s until just a few years ago, Then a stooped figure, wearing thick N.B.A. bubble to the HBO series The twists. Mr. Anthony, whom everyone called P.J., glasses and sometimes a droopy trench “Lovecraft Country” (below). played as many roles as anyone at The coat, would emerge from the Delhi mist nytimes.com/stillprocessing Times. He was a bookkeeper, a translator, a and a cloud of scrappy dogs would envel- guide, an archivist, a newshound who ope him. could track 10 stories at once, and a be- He always arrived with a bag of bones loved and indispensable friend to many and pieces of meat. That was the first thing correspondents and their families. P.J. did every morning. He fed the strays. One former correspondent even called About eight years ago, after P.J. broke him Kojak, after the 1970s TV private eye. his hip, Jim Yardley, the bureau chief at the The reason was that many years ago, after time, discovered that P.J. had worked long a bunch of people fell ill at a dinner party, past retirement age and that his retirement P.J. took it upon himself to investigate. benefits exceeded his salary. Still, P.J. Sure enough, he solved the mystery. didn’t want to quit. After canvassing the neighborhood and “I explained that retirement, of course, chatting up staff, he learned that an envi- can be defined in many ways,” Mr. Yardley A Reminder ous servant had sprinkled gasoline over recalled. the chicken that was served that night, to Thus began a somewhat unorthodox sabotage the cook. P.J. shared his findings arrangement that at first confounded the Daylight saving time ended and gently suggested replacing the ser- at 2 a.m. today. Clocks should downstream bureau chiefs and other staff vant. have been set back one hour. ModernLove members and lasted until this March, when But now P.J.’s gone. India imposed a strict lockdown that closed On Oct. 21, P.J. died at 82 from complica- The Times’s bureau. Every day, P.J. volun- Read,watchandlistentothestories. tions related to Covid-19. teered to come to the office, where he nytimes.com/modernlove P.J. was my entry point to India, just as continued to sit behind a towering fortress he was for so many other correspondents of old newspapers on his desk and help out. going back 50 years. He was standing at A devout Catholic, he brought in the the airport curb to scoop me and my family most delectable box of chewy chocolate up after an exhausting 20-hour journey, brownies every Christmas. Each night, with a shy smile on his face. As the bureau chief in New Delhi for the past three years, before leaving the office, he would stand I saw him nearly every day and I can still up, walk toward the door, press his palms hear his voice in my ear. It is hard for me together, and make a subtle bow. to think that I will never see him again. Firm, formal, stoic, skeptical, fastidious, His job was running The Times’s small and most of all, fiercely loyal is how Delhi office in Connaught Place, in the heart of staff members described him. India’s capital, working closely with the Suhasini Raj, a reporter in the Delhi Contact the Newsroom bureau chiefs. (He tended to call the bu- bureau, once asked him if it ever made him nytnews@nytimes.com reau chiefs “Doctor,” even when that was sad when a bureau chief moved on, as they Share a News Tip far from the case.) Bureau chiefs are in tend to do, every three or four years. tips@nytimes.com or nytimes.com/tips charge of the journalism and bureau man- “You can’t get sentimental about it,” P.J. Contact Customer Care agers are in charge of just about every- advised her. “So many bureau chiefs have nytimes.com/contactus thing else — handling expenses, renewing come and gone that if I start crying at each or 1-800-NYTIMES (1-800-698-4637) visas, translating documents and in the one’s coming and going, I would be crying case of India, decoding one of the most all my life.” On This Day in History AMEMORABLE HEADLINE FROM THE NEW YORK TIMES EGYPTIAN JET, CARRYING 217, PLUNGES INTO THE ATLANTIC November 1, 1999.An Egyptian jetliner bound to Cairo from New York City suddenly plummeted into the North Atlantic southeast of the Massachusetts island of Nantucket, Give the gift they’ll The Times reported. There were no survivors. The crash of EgyptAir 990 initially left investigators perplexed because there hadn’t been a distress call from the cockpit before the abrupt descent. The National Transportation Safety Board later concluded that the open every day. actions of the co-pilot caused the crash, though Egyptian officials disputed that assertion. Among the dead were 100 Americans and 89 Egyptians. Subscribers can browse the complete Times archives through 2002 at timesmachine.nytimes.com. GiftsubscriptionstoTheTimesstartat$25. Visitnytimes.com/giftorcall1-800-NYTIMES. THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018-1405 The New York Times (ISSN 0362-4331) is published Times Book Review..................................1 Yr. $208.00 ners or third parties who offer products or ser- an advertisement shall constitute final acceptance. daily. Periodicals postage paid at New York, N.Y., and Large Print Weekly..................................1 Yr. 114.40 vices that are likely to interest its readers. If you ©2020, The New York Times Company. All rights adDMtra aeDvaislaeds Sind lcuypiht boiaaosrnnntcd,gra I eilSpA sumt ,ti no5oadn2 iTal8 iRhy0nea8g.. t- N.e8.o.s0.ef.*.f4w.i.2c. .Y.e..so...r. .kP.. .To..si$mt1m0e4as10s, .PtY0e.r0Or.:. BSoe$xn65 d28M 00a.4o0d2s0-., itniogH*n N iogoouuhtt teissnrii dcdleeru atdhttiehnes egN, soUatrav.tSthae.ei, l oaarosb rtll:o e c 1fao-o8lr n0 ta0 tx-hr6.ee3 q1u-N2e5es8wt0, .Yfoorr k meadiil-- pnIsAuroeAbt, ifj5lfeely2 rca 8 tCdt0 htvu8oaes- 8ttrt ho0twiem4s e2iaen ,p drgop o rSpl ineeuc-robamvtbli iaslcsehihe lre ,a hadrPete .ielO np tc. @h TaBihrsnod eyix, n Nt aif8mvoe0wrae4mis l2Ya.a,co btoDrlimeoka n fvT.r, eiopmnmlpee oatshrs itees, rAMe.esaGren.er dSdv uiCetlhdhz .biK eefor Epgiextr eL, cPeuvutiibvelneis ,Oh Pefrfriecseird ent Monday-Saturday........................936.00 468.00 The Times occasionally makes its list of home deliv- advertising department. The Times reserves the right R. Anthony Benten, Treasurer Sunday only..................................520.00 260.00 ery subscribers available to marketing part- not to accept an advertiser’s order. Only publication of Diane Brayton, General Counsel and Secretary THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY,NOVEMBER1, 2020 N 3 Of Interest NOTEWORTHY FACTS FROM TODAY’S PAPER Often, the screams we hear in The United States has 22 million movies and TV are created by naturalized citizens. doubles and voice actors. One stock One of UsBOOK REVIEW, PAGE 15 scream is so well-used it’s got a • name, the Wilhelm. It’s in hundreds In Eminem’s song “My Fault,” a of films. woman has a bad reaction after They Scream and Scream Again being given hallucinogenic ARTS & LEISURE, PAGE 6 mushrooms. In the cleaned-up • version, the garden-variety McDonald’s began selling pizza in mushrooms are on a pizza, and the the mid-1980s, hoping to grab woman is merely “allergic to fungus.” market share from national pizza Song Censorship? It’s Good Business chains. It gave up a few years later. ARTS & LEISURE, PAGE 8 Answering a Fast-Food Question, CHANEL MILLER • If You CareSUNDAY BUSINESS, PAGE 1 As a third party candidate in the • 1968 presidential election, George In the 2019 baseball season, after the Alcohol consumption is up by 14 Wallace, the former governor of Washington Nationals started 19-31, percent (and 17 percent for women) Alabama, received 13.5 percent of the their chances of winning the World compared with a year ago, according popular vote and carried five states in Series were 1.5 percent. to a recent report in the JAMA the Electoral College. Baseball’s Quiet Season Network Open. 1968 and 2020: Two Perilous Years THE MAGAZINE, PAGE 34 Everything’s a BlurSUNDAY STYLES, PAGE 1 BOOK REVIEW, PAGE 10 The Conversation Spotlight THREE OF THE MOST READ, SHARED AND DISCUSSED POSTS STORIES CONTRIBUTED BY READERS FROM ACROSS NYTIMES.COM LAST WEEK OF THE NEW YORK TIMES The Upshot on Today’s Polls In The Times’s Parenting newsletter, readers are invited to With the campaigns winding down, the poll averages indi- submit a Tiny Victory, the celebration of those small moments cated Joe Biden had the upper hand in the battleground of triumph in the long days of parenting. For instance, the states of Michigan, Pennsylvania, Florida and North Carolina. ingenious way a parent headed off a toddler meltdown on a Nate Cohn’s analysis of the figures was the most read article long car ride or persuaded a youngster to take a bite of some- last week. thing foreign. Find a Tiny Victory one reader submitted below. Amy Coney Barrett Sworn In as Supreme Court Justice, Cementing Conservative Majority For the first time in 151 years, a justice was confirmed without a single vote from the minority party — a sign of how bitter My 3-year-old was terrified Washington’s war over judicial nominations has become. The addition of Justice Barrett could sway cases on hot-button to go to bed after seeing a issues such as abortion rights and the environment. cockroach in the bathroom. I took two stuffed panda bears and placed them on each side of his bed as “bug guards,” and he fell soundly asleep. CATHERINE QUINLAN, CHATTANOOGA, TENN. BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES Covid in the U.S.: Latest Map and Case Count Case numbers reached record levels in more than 20 states as outbreaks continued to grow across the country. Last week, Sign up for the Parenting newsletter at nytimes.com/parenting. To get the case total increased 42 percent from the average two your Tiny Victory published, find us on Instagram @NYTparenting or weeks earlier, and the nation surpassed the nine-million mark email us at parenting_submissions@nytimes.com. in infections. Sketchbook MODERN CIVICS Tuesday is Election Day, but the BECAUSETHEREWILLBENEWADVENTURES electionis well underway: Close HotAirBalloonNecklace-Designedin18kGold to 100 million Americans have voted at early sites or through the mail. It’s been happening all Pleasecall866.598.2784orVisitUsat MONICARICHKOSANN.COM around us. Time just changed. JOHN LEE Again. Quote of the Day Here to Help TRACING NOW ALL BUT BOOKS FOR PLACES TO GO IMPOSSIBLE AS OUTBREAKS TEAR THROUGH U.S. PAGE 1 The Times Travel desk’s annual list of “You can swing a cat 52 Places to Go spotlights destinations worth a voyage. These books, described and hit someone who here in part by Times reviewers, can help has got it.” you explore some of those 52 places in your mind, never mind the coronavirus. MAYOR PAUL TENHAKEN OF SIOUX CONCEPCIÓN DE LEÓN FALLS, S.D.,acity that extinguished an outbreak of coronavirus in the LEIPZIG, GERMANY spring only to see the virus spread all ‘Memoirs of a Polar Bear,’ by Yoko Tawada over town as fall arrived. Three generations of polar bears tell their stories in this novel, which is “a study of banluimrreadl, tlihnee sli:n teh bee ltiwnee ebne towneee pne hrusomna’sn ( aonrd Vcoitma’ms liitftee,d e axnpdlo srpinegc ual amtiynsgt ehroiowu sh ecrr i“mcrei mshi-e marks. cbL‘AIreMuetAanw, ttPeu EJerRuneUl’ islao) v asent odar ntyhd ae en Sxdpc arloinpiottatwhtireoitrne’s.”r,, ’t he line C‘AnTOafhPtle eEgNr Te HaonAnreGs sEuo”Nn, ’mi bdiyeg nHhttei fhlieaanbvelee T bpuearersnttie apnla tsosresdo dwoawsnh.es areregisteredtrade by Mario Vargas Llosa up on a Swedish beach, Detective Inspector ON a“T rheaisl issctirce wtablea lol ff aannt iamsyp r—ob ianbteler wroomveann cwei t—h Icroeunnet eHrpuassr tms, uwsht ow hoarkv ew ait shi mheilra Dr oapneisnh ACCUTR is the Peruvian novelist Vargas Llosa’s case, to solve the mystery. and homage to two people who gave shape to RICHMOND, VA. his artistic and personal life during his ‘Southern Cross,’ by Patricia Cornwell adolescence: an ascetic Bolivian who all A Charlotte police chief is brought to Rich- day, every day, wrote scripts for radio soap mond to clean up the city’s police force, and operas, and the author’s Aunt Julia.” under intense public scrutiny, she attempts MOLISE, ITALY to bring order to the city as it struggles ‘Murder in Matera: A True Story of Pas- with corruption, scandal and murder. sion, Family and Forgiveness in Southern Find more book reviews at nytimes.com/books. Italy,’ by Helene Stapinski In a “streetwise Hemingway” style, Stapin- ski examines her great-great-grandmother 4 SUNDAY, NOVEMBER1, 2020 N Tracking an Outbreak NEW YORK CITY A Restaurant Reinventing Itself, Again and Again, to Survive Half of the city’s 24,000 restaurants could go under. Gertie is fighting to avoid becoming one of them. By MATTHEW HAAG On the second Saturday in March, the owners of Gertie, a Jewish-American luncheonette in Brooklyn, finalized a last step in the makeover of their year-old restaurant. They hired a new sous chef, an up-and-comer who had landed hours before on a one-way flight from Detroit. By dinnertime, though, the restaurant was unraveling. After spreading silently for weeks, the coronavirus had infected hundreds of people in New York and cast an eerie emptiness over the city and inside the restaurant, which had planned to debut a new menu. Instead, by the end of dinner service that Sunday, the owners pulled aside nearly all 25 employees and told them they were being let go. Seven months later, Gertie is still standing, if barely, a battered symbol of an industry wrecked by a sweeping re- cession. Gertie is a shell of its former self — tables have been pushed aside in the darkened dining room, the espresso ma- chine turned off, a case once filled with baked goods gathers dust — as the hand- ful of remaining employees scrambles to reinvent itself on a nearly weekly basis. The restaurant, located in Williams- burg, is now several ventures col- lectively trying to keep it afloat: a soup kitchen in the mornings, preparing meals for the hungry; an outdoor restau- rant three nights a week; and a get-out- the-vote operation on Thursdays, with a phone bank on the patio and postcards diners are asked to send to undecided voters. A year ago, Gertie made about $30,000 PHOTOGRAPHS BY AMR ALFIKY/THE NEW YORK TIMES a week, packing dozens of diners at a Nate Adler, above right, and Flip time inside its bright, cavernous dining Biddelman, at left in background, room. During the worst days of the pan- started Gertie in February 2019 as an demic, it made $50 selling coffee and pas- all-day Jewish-American restaurant tries on some mornings, not enough to in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Just nine pay the barista and baker. Sales slowly climbed through late summer to about of its 25 employees have returned to $1,000 per day. work; below left, two cooks in the The owners worry what the colder restaurant’s basement preparing weather will bring. food for a nonprofit meals delivery “I feel like we have opened six restau- and an upcoming wedding. rants just in the past seven months,” Flip Biddelman, 33, the general manager and co-owner, said after unfurling canvas also worried about getting Covid, come awnings outside and stretching them home, eat dinner and repeat,” Mr. Adler over the sidewalk. “It’s just been quite said. taxing, emotionally and physically.” Then in May the restaurant partnered “How long can this go on?” he added. with City Harvest, a nonprofit that dis- The pandemic has spared almost no tributes food to the hungry, and the business in New York. Some have group Rethink Food in another meals thrived, like liquor stores. But no indus- program. Rethink Food provides funding try has been clobbered like restaurants to Gertie for food, $5 per meal, and City and bars, a multibillion-dollar lifeblood Harvest picks up the meals four days a that gives the city vibrancy and diversi- week. ty, employs hundreds of thousands of ing health concerns, while others moved But the virus upended their planning. ment benefits because he’s working so In July, the restaurant expanded out- people, including many immigrants, and to another state and started a new job. On the first weekend in March, more few shifts. side for outdoor dining and spent thou- attracts millions of tourists every year. Gertie opened in February 2019 on the than 300 people ate at Gertie for brunch That night, Mr. Cain found comfort at sands of dollars constructing a deck for From Michelin-starred fine dining to corner of Marcy Avenue and Grand both days. The next weekend, only a few the Sparrow Tavern, a favorite bar near tables and chairs. But sales never really hole-in-the-wall restaurants, the indus- Street, a quiet intersection, offering up- dozen people showed up each day. his home in Astoria, Queens, with fellow took off — about $2,300 per day at its try brings in about $46 billion annually in dated Jewish-American deli food. Mr. “I could see people around me sweat- chefs facing the same dire future. height, though a couple of weekends sales and pays out about $10 billion in Adler modeled Gertie, which was named ing when people weren’t coming in,” said “It was kind of nice to be able to see have brought in up to $5,000. wages to employees, according to the for his maternal grandmother, after pop- Eleanor Bellamy, 27, a former server. each other and crack jokes a little bit,” Though restaurants were allowed to state. ular Los Angeles restaurants that offer On March 15, a Sunday, the city or- Mr. Cain said. bring diners back indoors in late Septem- Today, it is a major feat for a restaurant counter service and a mix of bakery, deli dered all bars and restaurants to close The following week, Mr. Cain, Mr. Ad- ber at 25 percent capacity, Gertie has not simply to stay open. There is no defini- and all-day hangout. except for delivery and pickup. Gertie ler and Mr. Biddelman mapped out a new reopened indoors because of concerns tive count of how many restaurants have Mr. Adler and Mr. Biddelman have ex- had no delivery or takeout operation. Af- plan. Gertie started offering takeout and that both diners and staff could get sick. gone out of business, but the number is tensive backgrounds in some of the city’s ter her shift that night, Ms. Bellamy delivery, and the two partners looked for For now, Gertie is trying to get by with thought to be in the thousands. most respected restaurant groups. Mr. opened an email from the restaurant an- nonprofit opportunities to use the restau- its various initiatives. At the height of the pandemic last Adler worked for Union Square Hospital- nouncing that most of the staff had been rant to help frontline workers. One recent morning, two cooks spring, more than 200,000 restaurant ity Group, the food service empire owned let go. Delivery and takeout proved a dead crammed into a tiny kitchen in the workers were out of work, according to by Danny Meyer, where Mr. Biddelman Like many people, Ms. Bellamy ini- end. There were just a handful of orders, restaurant’s basement preparing meals the state comptroller. Some have been had also worked. They also worked to- tially believed the disruption would be and it was hard to know how much food for the food program. Mounds of roasted rehired, but few are working the same gether at another restaurant started by temporary and decided to go to Durham, to keep in stock without spoiling. new potatoes were piled high in a plastic number of hours. Restaurants are open Mr. Adler, Huertas, in Manhattan. N.C., her hometown. She packed light — “We needed to double-down on the bin, while dozens of roasted pork loins for indoor dining, but at a 25 percent ca- Gertie, however, did not take off in the some pants and shirts in a small bag. nonprofit stuff, or we needed to say, were stacked nearby, waiting to be sliced pacity limit. way that the owners had hoped. Break- In August, Ms. Bellamy returned to ‘Screw it, we’re out,'” said Mr. Adler, us- for individual meals. By some estimates, the continuing fast, lunch and weekend brunch did well, the city — to gather all her belongings for ing a four-letter expletive. That afternoon, the staff began pre- devastation could eventually topple up selling dishes like smoked whitefish sal- a permanent move to North Carolina, Mr. Adler and his partner, Mr. Biddel- paring for another outdoor event, the to half of the city’s 24,000 restaurants. ad, Reuben sandwiches with sauerkraut where she got a job at a fabric and wall- man, connected with the LEE Initiative, weekly political get-together on Thurs- The economics of operating a restau- and smoked salmon with cream cheese paper company. a foundation in Louisville, Ky., that be- day nights as a way to drum up business rant in New York were never favorable, on bialys. “I stayed here longer and longer and it came a restaurant-relief effort in the and promote Democratic candidates. but the pandemic exposed just how pre- But dinner service, which was sup- almost felt like I had started a brand-new early days of the pandemic. With the The crew tasted the dishes on the carious the business was. Restaurants, posed to be the star meal with entrees life,” Ms. Bellamy said. “It was the right foundation’s help, Gertie’s kitchen came night’s menu: lemongrass chicken over even those far from Manhattan’s upscale like lamb with horseradish sauce, whole choice for me.” to life, hiring back four workers, as the scallion rice and a chicken banh-mi pre- precincts, can pay more than $100,000 a fish with tartar sauce and whole rotisser- Jovanni Luna’s phone lit up with the staff handed out hundreds of boxed pared by Di An Di, a Vietnamese restau- year in rent and tens of thousands on ie duck, never attracted a robust crowd. same email Ms. Bellamy got. Just six meals a day. rant. Gertie brings in guest chefs on other bills, including insurance policies The owners fiddled with the concept. days before, Mr. Luna, a porter at Gertie, The meal program ended after only a Thursdays to help them and to build ex- that have provided no assistance during They turned the basement into an event had been laid off from a part-time server few weeks. The staff was exhausted and citement for the night’s event. the pandemic. space. They booked groups with D.J.s position at another restaurant. worried that they were at risk of catching “It’s eye-opening when you’ve spent Many restaurants have blamed their and brought in visiting chefs for pop-up “In the hospitality industry, it’s not al- the virus. The restaurant shut down for this much time building a space and you landlords for not reducing their rent. But events. Then in February, they hired a ways the best job, but it’s something that at least two weeks. want to see it through and you always landlords say they are suffering, too, un- new executive chef, Mike Cain, 35, who always felt very secure in New York,” “Our lives were essentially: Wake up, want to leave a place better than you able to pay their own bills because ten- had worked at a Mediterranean restau- said Mr. Luna, 31, who has been rehired worry about getting Covid and go to found it,” Mr. Biddelman said. “I don’t ants cannot pay full rent. rant on the Brooklyn waterfront. at Gertie, but is collecting unemploy- work and feed all these people who are know if it’s possible in this situation.” Since the pandemic, Gertie’s landlord has cut its base rent by 50 percent, down to $5,000 a month, and offered to extend the discount, which included a separate increase in rent payments based on Ger- tie’s percentage of sales, for another 16 months. Nate Adler, who started Gertie with Mr. Biddelman, accepted the offer despite concerns that business will not substantially improve for months. “These restaurants were built to house people, to comfort people, to feed people in a really beautiful environment that had tons of thought, time and money put into it,” Mr. Adler, 31, said. “Every restau- rant has become a shell of a restaurant, like nothing is noticeable inside. Nothing is being used the way that it’s supposed to be used or the way that it was initially intended, and that’s just a hard pill to swallow.” Gertie is limping along without most of its employees. About 9 of its 25 workers have returned, some of whom are also collecting unemployment benefits be- cause they work so few hours. Several Gertie expanded in July for outdoor dining and spent thousands of dollars constructing a deck for tables and chairs. But sales never really took off — about former employees declined to return, cit- $2,300 per day at its height. Its Thursday events, right, feature food from other restaurants, such as Di An Di, a Vietnamese restaurant in nearby Greenpoint. THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY,NOVEMBER1, 2020 N 5 Paid Advertisement A vote counted is a voice heard Voting is the most powerful expression of democracy. This election, Facebook set out to help more people than ever make their voices heard, including launching a new Voting Information Center across our platforms. We’re proud that more than 39 million people have accessed these resources and estimate that more than 100,000 people signed up to serve their communities as poll workers. Voting in person? Find information about early voting, what to expect on Election Day and how to vote safely. Voting by mail? You’ll find information about completing your ballot. Visit our Voting Information Center for access to official information from election authorities, as well as reliable results once polls close. fb.com/votinginfocenter Paid for by Facebook - about.fb.com 6 0N THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY,NOVEMBER1, 2020 Tracking an Outbreak The New Reality FAMILY LIFE Parents’ Stress Mingles With Joy of Side Effect Of Novel Quality Time By JASON DePARLE — Ms. Kelly has doubled up with a In six months without steady friend, in an apartment with 10 work, Gregory Pike, a single fa- children — but they do offer a win- ther in Las Vegas, has fallen be- dow into an overlooked strain on hind on his rent and utilities, bor- the lives of poor families. rowed money he cannot repay, “No one’s saying that families turned to food stamps and charity, would choose to be unemployed, and fretted that his setbacks may but I think we forget how short of cloud his daughter’s future. time low-income families are — Research dating to the Depres- short of time, short of money and sion warns that parental unem- often short of sleep,” said Jane ployment places children at risk: Waldfogel, a professor at the Co- When finances fall and adult ten- lumbia School of Social Work. “If sions rise, young people tend to do people are telling us they don’t worse in school and suffer psycho- have enough time with their chil- logical strains, reducing their dren, that’s worth listening to. It’s prospects for adult success. an odd silver lining, but it’s there.” But despite the problems he has Research on parental unem- experienced since March, when ployment is abundant, detailed the coronavirus eliminated his and mostly concerning. Studies job, Mr. Pike has found an unex- have found that, compared with pected consolation: time with his peers, children with jobless par- 6-year-old daughter, Makayla, ents on average experience lower 3-6-1-6-6-7-5-1-3 whom he has raised alone for test scores, more school suspen- PHOTOGRAPHS BY BRIDGET BENNETT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES three years. sions, increased likelihood of re- Gregory Pike helping his daughter, Makayla, at their home in Las Vegas. He said the pandemic has brought him closer to his daughter. “As much as this pandemic has peating a grade, lower graduation brought me some hardship and rates, lower college attendance, stressful, and having that paid “That’s really an alarming num- dren) and 2009 (13.2 percent), but One is the classic story of falling uncertainty, it’s kind of a blessing lower adult earnings and a great- time off is salutary for their men- ber,” said Mr. Parolin, the Colum- the current crisis is more com- income and rising strain. When — it’s let me focus more on parent- er adult reliance on public aid. tal health.” bia researcher. “Even if parents plex. the pandemic broke out in March, ing,” Mr. Pike said. “It’s bad but it’s “Even when the parents get re- Yet even without aid, some Las quickly return to work, I wouldn’t “We’ve never had a recession Mr. Pike, 41, lost a job building also been good. It’s really brought employed quickly, you still see Vegas parents found satisfaction underestimate the psychological that brings with it this major inter- booths for trade shows. Unable to us a lot closer.” negative effects,” Ms. Brand said. in the family time their involun- toll unemployment takes, particu- ruption in schooling as well,” said collect unemployment aid (the With parental unemployment Lost income offers one explana- tary joblessness brought. 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Recent Census Bureau more time together but not having from the job has allowed him and “These levels of unemployment trated I would take it out on my back to work.” surveys showed that households money is not good,” a single Makayla to grow closer. He prizes are huge,” said Jennie E. Brand, a daughter. She goes, ‘You’re al- The April rate of parental un- with a jobless parent were about mother in Michigan wrote. “I’m the relationship all the more be- sociologist at the University of ways in a mood, you’re always employment — 21.7 percent of twice as likely as others to miss being evicted.” cause his own childhood lacked California, Los Angeles. “There’s mad.’” children had unemployed parents rent payments or lack sufficient When Mr. Pike, the Las Vegas close parental ties. He rarely saw a lot going on in these families When the benefits arrived, they — shattered the previous monthly access to food. single father, described his his father and said his mother that’s going to be hard to recover fully replaced her salary through record of 16 percent from January In annual terms, previous months of unemployment, he of- turned to abusive men. Mr. Pike from.” July, and the household conflict 1983. At this year’s peak, that was peaks of parental unemployment fered competing narratives, with said he dropped out in ninth grade In recent interviews, Las Vegas ended. “The relationship got bet- about 16 million children. came in 1982 (15.3 percent of chil- no pat resolution. and spent a decade in prison for parents echoed the experts’ view ter when I started making my assaulting one of her boyfriends. that their joblessness posed risks payments again,” Ms. Guerrero He missed most of Makayla’s first to their children. But like Mr. Pike, said. “We eat together, we’re three years while serving a sec- many also said they had found re- bonded. This pandemic — it made ond sentence, for drugs, and then wards in the extra family time, as us closer.” got custody. if newly realizing how little of it Three researchers at the Uni- “I came out on a mission to get had been available in their earlier, versity of Chicago — Ariel Kalil, her,” he said. “She gave me a pur- overscheduled lives. Susan Mayer and Rohen Shah — pose in life.” “Work-life conflict” is often dis- recently found that government Pre-pandemic, father-daughter cussed as a problem of the privi- aid had reduced the harm of un- life began with a 4:30 alarm — leged classes, but low-wage work- employment during the pan- work, school, dinner, bath, bed. ers may suffer it most, with unpre- demic. They surveyed nearly 600 “We get to be like robots,” he said. dictable hours, less help with low-income single mothers before Now he and Makayla are all but chores like cooking and cleaning and after the crisis began. kindergarten classmates. “We and little economic choice. The Parents who lost jobs reported have little conversations, more sudden increase of time with their greater depression and stress and and more every day. We’ve grown children has reminded some low- more negative interactions with so much from this.” income parents of what they have their children — but only if their On a recent day, the air condi- been missing. income declined. Jobless parents tioning broke and the indoor tem- “You know, I’ve gotten to know who replaced their income, perature hit 98. Mr. Pike was jug- my kids a lot more,” said Aileen through government aid or sec- gling ABCs and a calls from col- Kelly, a single mother of five who ond earners, experienced no neg- lection agencies. He sounded lost her job as a casino house- ative effects. If anything, those weary. keeper at the pandemic’s start. parents reported that their inter- “Don’t get me wrong — I can’t “When you’re working, you don’t actions with their children had im- wait to get back to work,” he said. get the real feeling of raising your proved. “I’m stressed out about my bills. kids. You’re providing for them “Parents really prize their time But watching her progress as a lit- but you’re not teaching them.” with their kids, and the support al- tle person is amazing. It’s not a Such rewards do not reduce the lowed them to enjoy it,” Ms. Kalil bad thing that we’re spending a lit- risks that unemployment brings said. “Their normal lives are Maria Guerrero’s benefits were delayed, and she found herself sniping at her teenage daughter. tle time with our families.” CONTAINMENT STRATEGY Hoping to Salvage Christmas, England Plans to Shut Pubs, Restaurants and Shops By MARK LANDLER all of which have shut down large ister to move up his timetable. business, and pubs and restau- tal with symptoms of Covid-19, the November is also a way to salvage and STEPHEN CASTLE parts of their countries in recent “They have no choice,” said rants would only be allowed to disease caused by the virus. Christmas. By cutting the trans- LONDON — Prime Minister days amid a rapid-fire resurgence Devi Sridhar, head of the global serve take out food. Nearly 1,000 patients are in inten- mission rate, the government Boris Johnson announced plans in infections. public health program at the Uni- Scotland, Wales, and Northern sive care units, while 326 people could relax restrictions in Decem- on Saturday to shut down pubs, As in March, when the virus versity of Edinburgh. “It’s better Ireland have already instituted died on Saturday alone. ber to allow families and friends to restaurants and most retail shops first engulfed Europe, England today than tomorrow, and it would similar restrictions, leaving Eng- Britain’s total death toll from celebrate together. throughout England, a stark re- has been slower to respond than have been better yesterday than land as an outlier within the the virus is 58,925, one of the high- British papers have been full of versal in the face of grim projec- other countries. That equivoca- today.” United Kingdom. est in Europe. headlines about whether Mr. tions that the country could face a tion, critics say, has deepened the The government said the meas- Until now, the prime minister’s For weeks, politics has colored Johnson will “cancel Christmas.” deadly winter from the coronavi- misery, with England suffering ures would be voted on by Parlia- approach had been to order tar- the debate over how to curb the vi- He has insisted that he wants uni- rus unless it takes draconian ac- one of Europe’s highest death tolls ment next Wednesday, and there geted lockdowns in hot spots, but rus. The leader of the opposition versity students to be reunited tion. and heaviest economic blows were indications that some Con- the latest numbers suggest the Labour Party, Keir Starmer, called with their families during the holi- Mr. Johnson presented the from the pandemic. servatives would try to block tailored approach was no longer on Mr. Johnson in mid-October to days. measures as part of a new tier of Even as a second wave of infec- them. But with an 80-seat major- enough. impose a two-week lockdown that While medical experts general- restrictions that will cover all of tions swept in recent weeks, Mr. ity in Parliament and the support The government’s scientific ad- scientists said would act as a “cir- ly applauded the planned lock- England. But the steps, which Johnson was caught between a of the opposition Labour Party, visory panel, known as SAGE, es- cuit breaker” on the chain of down, some questioned why the would take effect on Thursday faction of his Conservative Party, there was little chance that these timated in a report dated Oct. 14 transmissions. He cited a report government did not act sooner, and last until Dec. 2, amount to a which argued that another lock- measures wouldn’t be adopted. that there were between 43,000 from SAGE that warned Britain like during the midterm school nationwide lockdown — some- down would devastate the econ- To cushion the economy from and 75,000 new infections a day in faced a “very large epidemic with break, which began last month, as thing Mr. Johnson resisted for omy, and his scientific advisers, the worst effects of the lockdown, England, a rate that is above the public health experts proposed. catastrophic consequences.” weeks because of the damage he who argued that it was unavoid- Mr. Johnson said the government worst-case scenarios calculated Others said the government said it would do to the economy. able, given the exponential spread would extend until December a only weeks before that. The virus Mr. Johnson accused Mr. still had not fixed its test-and- “We’ve got to be humble in the of the virus. wage-subsidy program for people has spread beyond the initial hot Starmer of failing to take into ac- trace system, which continues to face of nature,” Mr. Johnson said Under the current trajectory, whose jobs are threatened by the spots in the north of England. count the economic fallout from fall far short of its goals. Until it at a hastily called news confer- the scientists said, hospitals measures. Hospital admissions are also such a lockdown, which has led in- does that, experts said, Britain ence at 10 Downing Street. “In this would be stretched to capacity by Under the plans, people would running ahead of the worst-case fluential cabinet ministers, includ- would not be able to identify or county, alas, as across much of Eu- the first week of December, even be required to stay at home unless scenario, the panel said, raising ing the chancellor of the Excheq- break the chains of transmission rope, the virus is spreading even including the giant field hospitals their workplaces, such as fac- the specter that within weeks, the uer, Rishi Sunak, to raise alarms. — setting the stage for further out- faster than the reasonable worst- that the government built, but tories or construction sites, need National Health Service will not Imposing the lockdown now, an- breaks after the lockdown is lifted. case scenarios of our scientific ad- never used, last spring. them. They would be allowed to go be able to cope with the influx of alysts said, could hurt Mr. John- “You use lockdowns to build up visers.” Mr. Johnson had initially to school or college and leave patients. son within his party because it will test and tracing,” Ms. Sridhar The measures, announced after planned to roll out the new meas- home for a few other reasons, like On Saturday, Britain reported look like he is buckling to pressure said. “We will be stuck in these cy- a tense day of meetings of Mr. ures this coming Monday, but re- buying food or seeking medical at- 21,915 new infections, passing a from the opposition. But polls indi- cles of lockdown and release until Johnson’s cabinet, would bring ports of the government’s deliber- tention. But nonessential shops grim milestone of one million peo- cate that the British public is more they decide we can’t live with this England into line with France, ations leaked out on Friday would be closed, people would be ple who have tested positive. It ad- sympathetic. virus because it’s killing our econ- Germany, Belgium and Ireland, evening, forcing the prime min- urged not to travel, except for mitted 1,444 patients to the hospi- Locking down the economy in omy.” THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY,NOVEMBER1, 2020 N 7 America everyone. is for During a challenging year marked by a global pandemic that is keeping us from traveling the way we used to, it’s time to remember that we don’t need to travel far to rediscover some of the international cultures that unite us as a nation. #AmericaIsForEveryone 8 0N THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY,NOVEMBER1, 2020 Tracking an Outbreak Global Fallout NEW CASES Tracing All but Impossible As Outbreaks in U.S. Soar “If you have five clusters going From Page 1 on at the same time,” he said, “it’s the virus is spreading. hard to say where it came from.” “It’s just kind of everywhere,” When a first major outbreak hit said Crystal Watson, a senior Grand Forks, N.D., in April, the scholar at the Center for Health problem was clear: More than 150 Security at the Johns Hopkins employees of a wind turbine blade Bloomberg School of Public factory were infected. The factory Health, who estimated that trac- shut its doors for several weeks, ing coronavirus cases becomes and public health officials tested difficult once the virus spreads to and contact traced each case. more than 10 cases per 100,000 For the rest of the summer, people. Grand Forks, a college town of In some of the hardest-hit spots 56,000 on the border with Minne- in the United States, the virus is sota, saw almost no new infec- spreading at 10 to 20 times that tions. An uptick in August was rate, and even health officials quickly tied to students at the Uni- have all but given up trying to fig- versity of North Dakota and large- ure out who is giving the virus to ly contained. whom. Now, though, any sense of con- There have been periods earlier trol has vanished. New cases of in the pandemic when infections Covid-19 have tripled since the be- spread beyond large, well-under- ginning of October to 850 a day in stood clusters in prisons, business Grand Forks, and about half the meetings and dinner parties, tear- people contacted by the health de- ing through communities in ways partment say they are not sure that were nearly impossible to how they became infected. keep track of. But for the most “People are realizing that you part, that experience was isolated can get it anywhere,” said Kailee to hard-hit places like New York Leingang, a 21-year-old nursing City in the spring and portions of student who also works as a state The Piazza Duomo in Milan was almost deserted last Monday, the first day of a ministerial decree thaAtL pESrSAoNvDiRdOe GdRA nSSeANwI F rOeR sTtHrEi cNEtWio YnOsRK. TIMES the Sun Belt in the summer. contact tracer in Grand Forks. This time, the diffuse, chaotic Even Ms. Leingang has fallen ill, spread is happening in many along with several of her col- EUROPE’S SECOND WAVE places at once. Infections are ris- leagues. She traces her case to her ing in 41 states, the country is re- parents, who first started showing In Italy, ‘Scenario 3’ Stirs Protests and Despair cording an average of more than symptoms. Beyond that, the trail 79,000 new daily cases, and more goes cold. Americans say they feel left to do “They have no idea,” she said of their own lonely detective work. where her parents came in con- By JASON HOROWITZ The populist opposition also has “I was so careful,” said Denny tact with the virus. ROME — When the coronavi- supported the protests around the Taylor, 45, who said he had taken Ms. Leingang, isolating at her rus first hit Italy, overwhelming country. Matteo Salvini, the leader exacting precautions — wearing a home with her cat, feels sicker by the country’s hospitals and of the nationalist League party mask, getting groceries delivered the day. Dishes have piled up in prompting the West’s first lock- and former mask skeptic, showed — before he became the first in his the sink — she is too weak to stand down, Italians inspired the world up in a mask to talk to chefs at the family and among his co-workers long enough to wash them. But with their resilience and civic re- Pantheon protests, where some to test positive for the virus. Lying she is still working, calling at least sponsibility, staying home and onlookers jeered him. in a hospital bed in Omaha this 50 people a day to notify them that singing on their balconies. Their Despite previously expressing past week, he said he still had no their tests came back positive, reward for months of quarantine skepticism about a second wave, idea where he caught it. though her job is no longer to was a flattened curve, a gulp of Mr. Salvini now criticizes the gov- Uncovering the path of trans- track who else they may have in- normalcy and the satisfaction of ernment for dallying on its laurels mission from person to person, fected. “With the high number of usually patronizing allies pointing over the summer. If the state of known as contact tracing, is seen cases right now,” she said, “our to Italy as a model. emergency were real, he said, as a key tool for containing the team can’t afford to have some- Italy is now a long way away then a total lockdown, not a half spread. Within a day or two of test- body not work.” from those balcony days and its measure that targeted business, ing positive, residents in many In earlier, quieter periods of the summer fling with freedom. In- was in order. communities can expect to get a pandemic, the virus spread with stead, as a second wave engulfs Amid the political jostling, some phone call from a trained contact some degree of certainty. In all but Europe and sets off new nation- regions have gone beyond the na- tracer, who conducts a detailed in- the hardest-hit cities, people could wide lockdowns, Italy has become ALESSANDRO GRASSANI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES tional restrictions in fear of the vi- terview before beginning the ask a common question — “Where emblematic of a despair, exhaus- The Savini restaurant in Milan. Under the new measures, all rus overwhelming their hospitals. painstaking process of tracking did you get it?” — and often find tion and fear that is spreading clubs, bars and restaurants are required to close by 6 p.m. Campania, the southern region down each new person who may tangible answers. throughout the Continent. that is home to Naples, where vio- hwcDtcstpaeeahlareaamv“su.v cmeWeSsewpe ree sebaneothd telrufwy slo eemico wek ntso hvreYbt nneerie eust ax rMpra netypsscreaepa o etgr,p wrss ttlwiitserireneyeoadahsngr uccs. o t.hdeu oIstur cdtuhusocs otwap feebiw tensta rhtrsn sesMovfh ,a,”uow iek asnlNl sessapeta sden heiaiow ndddaef- LrspdgpwwapeaeeaeinAottoonnrhhttppc es epilla tineetrnhoni.i g egipnpdaAs s,ifu tl teasBM el tcanutldorhetridme eciae nwthdcs mhct..botpo, ro elauo1 HsltArer9wbhe ag2fa ,eatd r eafe bpnpibt tnreeedeab wgcrort ra a, ha’4pd rsdmcer6l oerldR iozeni pb,nee—s eaaeksnEGor t ish1a npaot 4—uooosglv6ettf--,. tritrvTmniioeioohs escFpnnrintktrlowarasetauils ccti ngd iettlncaehoeo esgrd co o re k ucoehf mdatttssae hsotcosrerwer,v i sarabcEen. mtp umG uipptotbr eeeolnsolirnoi tespnmiptc.dle glloI aa ,e s rnann’teest oydvl an ag eihhednbnorawoead evsmlrs , ei hvrpknnreeaeunyaasdsrt----. cttsdqGhoprueileeIIuiceennta rsnrvass eeacil ieoipnnyaoOslptg eun o celntswfty o C coa efpiesbo t prec henwaehaer ts ,esmie tteimh,ghn nwPeo oeitw nvrh, r diehecaaomearratl f eeansveierraelm ees ms c rpteiMaa. neaunnnrgstitgdnn sl dye ouiots nnfrhwtriecsenaendy.rt-- hetgbooiaernfuoin resTov si p vneehaoumesrgnefbn r detescltmh idoaxrccooi mpeo autwanenr.es lrtatdla ategMnesncvosd tdtriviio .atnbst e .tr u oCreIaAsnfpn oc epmmrsoensortvrt eeeicpeseldna u.a ruidtrccch re,rcka ag oioelmse wmdw dma dIso mgtotiarnaherikitldgees--- lhvhselmvceetlriuaeunaaneyaslrdntnnc l bnstiictepnahacaierrnlgh nraso gy o.nbt oC lI eoelirstenafsld o ch tlea ahsrmsaesn boos xbodsrou travei tletoamu lexhnstk dmceooaaueeer nna cecnnpoddatnott ui nas ntlrtSl t caeg efeilefcgogca drlririeseo looc ty.rdm nis e,rwO wssnmc h ,tepuuo eahoerrrmilventoekkseer-----,, York and Washington, D.C. Gretchen Whitmer shut down in- relief, keep schools open and sal- the arrival of a vaccine by Decem- avoiding crowded public trans- also adopted strict measures. But as cases skyrocket again in door dining in bars in parts of the vage their economies. ber and now promises a “serene” portation is the main driver of the Lombardy, which bore the many states, many health officials state. And everywhere, if people are Christmas, said, “I exclude lock- current restrictions. brunt of the first wave of the virus, have conceded that interviewing In Ingham County, which in- not sick with the virus, they are downs and say that after due con- “The restaurants and bars are is getting walloped again and has patients and dutifully calling each cludes much of East Lansing, it is sick of it. In Italy, the discontent is sideration.” safer than the public transporta- imposed curfews and more re- contact will not be enough to slow far harder to tell where the virus is exploding. Last week he was less defini- tion,” said Sergio Paolantoni, the mote learning. But this time a the outbreak. “Contact tracing is spreading now. Of the county’s The country that gave the West- tive, saying that Italy had entered president of the association that nightmare scenario is unfolding not going to save us,” said Dr. 4,700 reported cases over the ern world a preview of Covid’s aw- something he called “Scenario 3” organized the Rome protest at the that was avoided last time — the Ogechika Alozie, chief medical of- course of the pandemic, more than ful human toll — that demonstrat- and urged Italians to follow the Pantheon, which was coordinated infection of Milan, with a popula- ficer at Del Sol Medical Center in 2,700 have come since the begin- ed the necessity, and success, of a new measures or else the “virus with protests in 23 other cities tion of 1.3 million. It now has the El Paso, where hospitalizations in ning of September. national lockdown — now stands will spread beyond control.” On around the country. country’s highest virus reproduc- the county have soared by more Much of the new spread may be for something darker. Italy has be- Friday, the government prepared With tourism devastated and tion number, significantly above 2. than 400 percent and officials is- tied to students at Michigan State come a symbol of Europe’s squan- for “Scenario 4,” with lockdowns lunchtime traffic decimated by “In Milan you can catch the vi- sued a new order for residents to University, where students are dered advantages, the impotence in the most infected regions. workers staying home, he said the rus by simply entering a cafe or stay at home. living off campus and taking of half measures in the face of a vi- But for many Italians the dam- 6 p.m. cutoff for restaurants getting on a bus,” Walter Riccia- The problem, of course, is that classes online. But every day, em- rus that does not abide by compro- age is already significant. Mr. amounted to a death blow. “It’s rdi, an adviser to Italy’s health failing to fully track the virus ployers and residents call the mises, and the social and political Conte announced more relief better to have a total lockdown in- minister, said as he called for the makes it much harder to get a Health Department to report costs of not making good on prom- packages for businesses worth stead of targeting only us.” city to be locked down. But others sense of where the virus is flour- cases that defy easy explanation. ises of relief. about 5 billion euro last week, and The restrictions were part of oppose going so far. ishing, and how to get ahead of “It’s just a hodgepodge,” said Italians, coming down hard on Friday banned firings through new measures that also closed “It’s a bad decision,” Giuseppe new outbreaks. But once an area Linda Vail, the Ingham County from their summer euphoria, are March. The government insists cinemas, gyms and theaters until Sala, the mayor of Milan said in a spins out of control, trying to trace health officer. exasperated. that it is working to cut down on Nov. 24. The government also re- video address, adding to the news- back each chain of transmission Heidi Stevens is among the “We’ve reached the end of our bureaucracy and that the aid will quired 75 percent of high school paper Corriere della Sera that he can feel like scooping cupfuls of newly infected who considers her rope,” said Emanuele Tudini, reach Italians much sooner. But students to return to online learn- thought the city had at least 10 water from a flood. case a mystery. As a columnist at whose wife applauded doctors its track record of delivering on ing, and continued bans on large days before it came to that cross- In some places, overwhelmed The Chicago Tribune, Ms. Stevens from their apartment window and promises is not promising. parties, including wedding recep- roads. health officials have abandoned works from home. Her children at- whose children drew “Everything Many workers say they haven’t tions. But they seem likely to be Many Italians, though, believe any pretense of keeping up. tend school online. She wears a Will Be OK” rainbows at the be- received unemployment benefits replaced with stricter measures. that a return to a national lock- In North Dakota, state officials mask when she goes for a run, and ginning of the crisis. since May. Business owners who Some critics of the govern- down was only a matter of time. announced they could no longer she has not had a haircut since He spoke in his bar in front of once embraced the hashtag, “I ment’s response have come from Fabiana Gargioli returned from have one-on-one conversations January. the Pantheon in central Rome, Stay Home,” now defiantly type, “I within its own parliamentary ma- the protest to her restaurant, Ar- with everyone who may have So when she got a precaution- where angry cooks in chef hats, Stay Open.” Education experts jority. mando al Pantheon, to greet din- been exposed. Aside from situa- ary test a few weeks ago, with the restaurateurs and fellow bar own- are vexed that keeping schools “Better a total lockdown than ers for lunch service and to turn tions involving schools and health hopes of inviting friends over to ers protested new government re- open seems less of a priority than these half measures,” former away couples seeking to make care facilities, people who test have cake for her daughter’s 15th strictions that shut them down af- it does in France or Germany. Prime Minister Matteo Renzi told dinner reservations. She recalled positive were advised to notify birthday, Ms. Stevens was ter 6 p.m. It was one of dozens of And only last month, months af- reporters last week. He argued joining millions of Italians in sing- their own contacts, leaving resi- shocked to learn she was positive. predominantly peaceful protests ter Mr. Conte’s committee of ex- that closing restaurants for dinner ing “The Sky Is Always Bluer” dents largely on their own to fol- “I would drive myself crazy if I that have erupted across the perts called for more medical but not lunch made no sense, and from her balcony in March. low the trail of the outbreak. tried to really nail it down,” said country in recent days. “There’s a staff, did his government get did nothing to limit infections, but “Now it’s different,” she said. “We weren’t supposed to get to Ms. Stevens, 46, who was hospital- ton of rage and suffering.” around to beginning the process of increased unemployment. “The money is gone.” this point,” said Dr. Arnold S. ized for three days and still wakes Italian hospitals, which deliv- Monto, a professor of epidemiolo- up with headaches. Did she pick ered a searing global preview of gy at the University of Michigan, up an infected apple at the gro- the horror to come in March, are who said the process of tracking cery store and somehow touch her again under strain and intensive cases and notifying people who eye? Should she have been wear- care units are filling up. may have been exposed is a gold ing a face shield, in addition to her Milan, Italy’s economic engine, standard of disease prevention mask? The possibilities feel end- is the new capital of its contagion but impractical after a certain lev- less. and seems on the brink of quaran- el of infection. “It’s just out there,” she said. tine. The poorer and vulnerable south is exposed, and Neapolitans have rioted against early closures imposed to avoid a massacre. Ro- mans are swinging erratically be- tween last-days-of-disco day drinking and holing up during eerily quiet nights. All around the country, unease is morphing into unrest, with vio- lent protests breaking out Friday night in Florence. Large crowds in Trieste chant that they just want to work. And demonstrators have taken to the streets in nearly ev- ery major Italian city, from Paler- mo to Bologna to Verona. Mobsters, hooligans and far- right extremists have exploited the frustration and anger, infiltrat- ing protests in Naples, Turin and JOEL ANGEL JUAREZ FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES Rome and pushing burning dump- A testing site in El Paso, where hospitalizations are up more than sters and tossing Molotov cock- CARLO HERMANN/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES 400 percent and officials issued a new stay-at-home order. tails. The police, on edge and in- Anti-riot police stand guard in Naples, after protesters threw objects and set garbage cans on fire. THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY,NOVEMBER1, 2020 N 9 We, the undersigned educators in preK-12 schools, colleges and universities, representatives of schools across the United States, endorse democracy as a means of giving voice to each one of us, of expressing the dignity of each individual, of representing the values of our society, and of ensuring the lawful transition of authority. Every freedom depends upon the freedom to vote. Each vote counts; count each vote. initialsignatories Janet Box-Steffensmeier Kevin Kruse Timothy Snyder PRESIDENT,AMERICANPOLITICALSCIENCEASSOCIATION PROFESSOROFHISTORY,PRINCETONUNIVERSITY PROFESSOROFHISTORY,YALEUNIVERSITY Judith Butler Steven Levitsky LaurenceTribe PRESIDENT,MODERNLANGUAGEASSOCIATION PROFESSOROFGOVERNMENT,HARVARDUNIVERSITY PROFESSOROFCONSTITUTIONALLAWEMERITUS, HARVARDLAWSCHOOL Sydney Chaffee Michael Mann 2017NATIONALTEACHEROFTHEYEAR PROFESSOROFATMOSPHERICSCIENCES,PENNSTATEUNIVERSITY Stefanie Wager PRESIDENT,NATIONALCOUNCILFORTHESOCIALSTUDIES Diana Cournoyer Mandy Manning EXECUTIVEDIRECTOR, 2018NATIONALTEACHEROFTHEYEAR Randi Weingarten NATIONALINDIANEDUCATIONASSOCIATION PRESIDENT,AMERICANFEDERATIONOFTEACHERS Irene Mulvey Linda Darling-Hammond PRESIDENT,AMERICANASSOCIATIONOFUNIVERSITYPROFESSORS Santiago Wood PROFESSOROFEDUCATIONEMERITA,STANFORDUNIVERSITY EXECUTIVEDIRECTOR, Becky Pringle NATIONALASSOCIATIONFORBILINGUALEDUCATION David Greenberg PRESIDENT,NATIONALEDUCATIONASSOCIATION PROFESSOROFHISTORY,RUTGERSUNIVERSITY Daniel Ziblatt Rodney Robinson PROFESSOROFGOVERNMENT,HARVARDUNIVERSITY Jeffrey C.Isaac 2019NATIONALTEACHEROFTHEYEAR PROFESSOROFPOLITICALSCIENCE,INDIANAUNIVERSITY Tabatha Rosproy 2020NATIONALTEACHEROFTHEYEAR additionalsignatories FredAlbert FrankFlynn DerrynMoten PRESIDENT,AFT-WESTVIRGINIA PRESIDENT,RHODEISLANDFEDERATIONOFTEACHERS PROFESSOROFHISTORY,ALABAMASTATEUNIVERSITY L.LacyBarnes JefferyFreitas CorneliusB.Murphy,Jr. EXECUTIVEVICEPRESIDENT,CALIFORNIAFEDERATIONOFTEACHERS PRESIDENT,CALIFORNIAFEDERATIONOFTEACHERS PRESIDENTEMERITUS, SUNYCOLLEGEOFENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEANDFORESTRY SeylaBenhabib FredFrelow PROFESSOROFPOLITICALSCIENCEEMERITA,YALEUNIVERSITY FORMERDIRECTOROFNATIONALPROGRAMS, CecilyMyart-Cruz NATIONALCOMMISSIONONTEACHINGANDAMERICA’SFUTURE PRESIDENT,UNITEDTEACHERSLOSANGELES DavidBerliner PROFESSOROFEDUCATIONEMERITUS,ARIZONASTATEUNIVERSITY GlendaGilmore SusanNeuman PROFESSOROFHISTORY,YALEUNIVERSITY PROFESSOROFLITERACYDEVELOPMENT,NEWYORKUNIVERSITY MaryBest PRESIDENT,AFTOKLAHOMA JonathanGoulet BobPeterson TEACHER,SCHOOLDISTRICTOFPHILADELPHIA CITYWIDEREPRESENTATIVE,MILWAUKEEPUBLICSCHOOLBOARD, JudithBird FOUNDINGEDITOR,RETHINKINGSCHOOLS LIBRARIAN,LEAGUEOFWOMENVOTERS PDRESIaDEvNiTd,AHFTMeICcHkIGeArN JacksonPotter LarryCarter TEACHER,CHICAGOTEACHERSUNION PRESIDENT,LOUISIANAFEDERATIONOFTEACHERSANDSCHOOLEMPLOYEES PROFESSOROFPOLITICALSCJIEeNffCEr,eTEyACHHEReSnCiOgLLEGE,COLUMBIAUNIVERSITY DianeRavitch DonnaChiera AUTHORANDRESEARCHPROFESSOR,NEWYORKUNIVERSITY PRESIDENT,AFTNEWJERSEY PROFESSOROFHISTORYJ,eUffNrIVeERySITHYOeFrMfARYLAND-COLLEGEPARK JennieShanker CaliCole ADJUNCTASSOCIATEPROFESSOR,TEMPLEUNIVERSITY CHAIR,INSTITUTEOFECONOMICSANDFINANCE PROFESSOROFEDUTCoATmIONa,sUzNIVHERSeITrYzOoFgMAINE-PRESQUEISLE MarilynSneiderman DianaCollins PROFESSOR,CENTERFORINNOVATIONINWORKERORGANIZATION, TEACHER,PORTLANDPUBLICSCHOOLS YozoHoriuchi RUTGERSUNIVERSITY TEACHER,NEWYORKCITYPUBLICSCHOOLS AnnCook JoséSolís EXECUTIVEDIRECTOR,PERFORMANCESTANDARDSCONSORTIUM FedrickIngram TEACHER,SANFRANCISCOUNIFIEDSCHOOLDISTRICT SECRETARY-TREASURER,AMERICANFEDERATIONOFTEACHERS AmeliaCreedon JeffreySommers LIBRARIAN,RIVERHEADSCHOOLDISTRICT JosephKahne PROFESSOROFECONOMICS,UNIVERSITYOFWISCONSIN-MILWAUKEE CO-DIRECTOR,CIVICENGAGEMENTRESEARCHGROUP, MelissaCropper UNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNIA-RIVERSIDE KarenStrickland PRESIDENT,OHIOFEDERATIONOFTEACHERS FrederickKowal PRESIDENT,AFTWASHINGTON JamieDangler PRESIDENT,UNITEDUNIVERSITYPROFESSIONS TracyStrong VICEPRESIDENT,UNITEDUNIVERSITYPROFESSIONS StephenLazar UNPRIVOEFRESSITSYOORFOCFAPLOIFOLITRICNAIAL-SSACNIENDCIEEG,O LizDavis TEACHER,HARVESTCOLLEGIATEHIGHSCHOOL PRESIDENT,WASHINGTONTEACHERS’UNION StanleyLitow PRESIDENTJ,eBsOsSiTcOaNTTEAaCnHEgRSUNION EvelynDeJesus PROFESSOROFPUBLICPOLICY,DUKEUNIVERSITY EXECUTIVEVICEPRESIDENT,AMERICANFEDERATIONOFTEACHERS CarmenD.Lucca MelissaTomlinson TiffanyDittrich PRESIDENT,ASSOCIATIONFORPUERTORICAN-HISPANICCULTURE BADASSTEACHERSASSOCIATION PRESIDENT,WHITEBEARLAKEAREAEDUCATORS DeborahMeier ChinglingWo ThomasDumm FOUNDER,CENTRALPARKEASTSCHOOLSANDMISSIONHILLSCHOOL PROFESSOROFENGLISH,SONOMASTATEUNIVERSITY PROFESSOROFPOLITICALSCIENCE,AMHERSTCOLLEGE SusanMooreJohnson StevenZimmerman JessicaFairgrieve PROFESSOR,HARVARDGRADUATESCHOOLOFEDUCATION EXECUTIVEDIRECTOR,ACADEMYOFTHECITYCHARTERSCHOOL TEACHER,CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURGSCHOOLS Please join thousands of America’s leading educators who have signed the Democracy Declaration: www.shankerinstitute.org/DemocracyDeclaration Paid for by the American Federation of Teachers * AFFILIATIONSLISTEDFORPURPOSESOFIDENTIFICATIONONLY 10 SUNDAY, NOVEMBER1, 2020 N ASANKA BRENDON RATNAYAKE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES The Yarra River in Melbourne, home to the novelist Jane Harper. The pandemic, she said, has given Australians the sense that “we can dig deep and help each other deal with whatever is facing us.” Isolated Again, Australia Finds Silver Linings By DAMIEN CAVE SYDNEY, Australia — They used to call it “the tyranny of distance.” Austral- ia’s remoteness was something to es- cape, and for generations, the country that hates being referred to as “down un- der” has been rushing toward the world. Trade and immigration made Austral- ians richer than the Swiss, creating a cul- ture where life can be complete only with overseas trips and imported purchases. Until the pandemic. The virus has turned this outgoing nation into a hermit. Australia’s borders are closed, interna- tionally and between several states. Its economy is smaller, and its population growth has fallen to its lowest rate in more than 100 years. Rather than chafing against isolation, though, Australians these days are more willing to smile in the mirror. Island liv- ing looks like a privilege when the world MATTHEW ABBOTT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES MATTHEW ABBOTT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES is pestilent. Those gnawing questions The Sydney Fish Market, which has grown quieter during the pandemic. Right, visitors at the Museum of Contemporary Art Australia in Sydney. about travel, recession and the loss of global experience are being shoved down, below a more immediate apprecia- small towns that equal or supersede the In one small sign among many, Aus- more thoughtful users of time and space. And yet the virtual has its limits. Ms. tion for home and a search for silver lin- beauty of anywhere else in the world. tralia’s most prestigious portrait prize in Maybe fewer options and more plan- Harper’s parents can’t hug their grand- ings. “It’s been kind of fun to see domestic contemporary art was awarded this ning will “liberate our minds,” he said. children over Zoom. Mr. Brand has In dozens of interviews, Australians travel go crazy again,” said Fred Siggins, year, for the first time, to an Aboriginal Technology, he added, will save Aus- started posting photos to Instagram of have said they’re quite happy with their 39, the brand manager for Sullivans artist, Vincent Namatjira. tralia from fully retreating into itself. He past trips with the phrase “museums I’m country’s response to the pandemic. Cove, a whiskey distillery in Tasmania. On a recent morning at the Art Gallery said he had been frequenting museum missing during the pandemic.” Even with travel rules so strict they “That’s how it was in the ’90s before ev- of New South Wales, his large-scale self- collections online, while also using the Social norms are also under strain. Mr. seem like something out of China or eryone started hiking off to Bali or what- portrait with a well-known Indigenous time gained from a lack of travel to ex- Siggins, a chatty former bartender, re- North Korea. Even with a 111-day lock- ever.” Australian football player drew a cluster plore new realms — such as Nordic cently ordered a cocktail delivered to his down in Australia’s second-largest city of Australia’s mood also seems to be ben- of avid fans, young and old. crime dramas. home in Melbourne from a local bar and Melbourne, which just finally ended. efiting from another reversal — many of The gallery featuring Asian art was far Ms. Harper, who recently published a met an acquaintance at the door. He said Even when the people kept away are those who had taken their ambitions to less crowded. new novel, “The Survivors,” said she had it felt like an awkward date. grandparents longing to see new grand- New York, London or Los Angeles have Each exhibit hall had a plaque show- also been encouraged by larger-than- “It’s such a strange interaction,” he children. returned. ing the maximum number of people al- usual audiences for her readings online. said, “because you can’t just tell them to That’s the case for Jane Harper, a best- Edwina Throsby, the head of Talks and lowed in because of coronavirus restric- “There are so many people there who come in and have a beer, and you are just selling novelist in Melbourne, who has Ideas for the Sydney Opera House, said tions. Masks were not required (Sydney would never come to an in-person book really out of practice, reacting to conver- traded getting to know every building in she knew several academics and cre- is mostly virus free) and visitors re- event,” she said. sation, even facial expressions.” her neighborhood for seeing her parents in Britain. ative types who had come home and now spected the rules. They booked a time in Some surprising businesses are Could something similar happen for “I had my second child in November, intended to stay. Like many others, she advance and stayed socially distanced. adapting, too. Frank Theodore, a fish- Australia’s relationship with the world? and they would have come out at least wondered if an Australian cultural ren- Michael Brand, the museum’s director, monger at the Sydney Fish Market, up- Former Prime Minister Malcolm once and possibly twice by now,” she aissance might follow. who previously ran the J. Paul Getty Mu- graded his Get Fish website after a bleak Turnbull, sitting in his Sydney office said. “Not knowing when that will lift — I At the very least, self-reflection seems seum in Los Angeles, said it pointed to April and said total sales were up last above quiet streets missing both tourists guess it gives us more appreciation for to be blooming. how the pandemic was making people month compared with a year ago. and workers, scoffed at the idea of Aus- how lucky we are to be able to visit in nor- tralia giving up on globalism. mal times, and it makes you realize how “I think there is broad agreement on far away Australia really is.” both sides of the political fence,” he said. Not that she would have it any other “Free trade and open markets are keys way. After so much isolation, she added, to our success.” “there is a real sense among Australians Still, there are signs of a narrowing that we can dig deep and help each other perspective. Incidents of racism have deal with whatever is facing us.” been increasing, with anyone who looks Other countries have cut themselves Chinese bearing the brunt of the abuse. off from their neighbors, and other island Australian universities have had to slash nations (Singapore, Japan, New Zea- their budgets and research ambitions be- land) have kept the virus in check. But in cause of a lack of foreign students. Australia, the ever-smaller circle is more “We’re going to be more insular,” said intertwined with the pursuit of safety. Geoff Raby, an economist and a former Coronavirus deaths remain under ambassador to China. “We’re sleepwalk- 1,000. Schools and restaurants are open, ing right into that.” sports are being played, and friends are Hermetically sealed safety seems gathering for dinner parties. But people likely to exact a toll for as long as it stick to where they can drive and what lingers. Silver linings hide on dark they know, and a lot of work still occurs clouds. Australians are only just starting from home. to wonder about long-term costs and If many of its citizens are still stranded what to do with their isolation. abroad by border restrictions, Austral- “We’ve all worked so hard to keep our ians argue, so be it; if states like Western cases down, and that’s such a fragile, pre- Australia seem determined to keep out cious thing that I can completely under- everyone from Sydney and Melbourne stand the strong urge to protect it,” Ms. for as long as possible, well, at least the Harper said. “My desire to see my par- virus has been brought into submission. ents, does that outweigh my desire to Forced into a bell jar existence, many never go into lockdown again?” Australians are focusing on what they “It’s not my decision to make,” she love about their country. The collectivist MATTHEW ABBOTT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES said. “But nationally that’s the question spirit. The fresh food. The beaches and Manly Beach in Sydney. Cut off from the world, Australians are focusing on what they love about their country. we are all asking ourselves.”

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