Nursing basics for clinical practice PDF
Preview Nursing basics for clinical practice
A02_BERM5480_01_SE_FM.QXD 1/4/10 6:28 PM Page i 103319 C PE/NJ/CHET A B P N i C/M/Y/K DESIGNSERVICESOF A02_BERM5480_01_SE_FM.QXD 1/4/10 6:28 PM Page ii 103319 C PE/NJ/CHET A B P N ii C/M/Y/K DESIGNSERVICESOF A02_BERM5480_01_SE_FM.QXD 1/6/10 11:47 AM Page iii AUDREY BERMAN PhD, RN, AOCN SHIRLEE J. SNYDER EdD, RN DEBRA S. MCKINNEY MSN, MBA/HCM, RN Pearson Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo 103319 C PE/NJ/CHET A B P N iii C/M/Y/K DESIGNSERVICESOF A02_BERM5480_01_SE_FM.QXD:103319_Berman_Design 1/14/15 11:57 AM Page iv LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Berman,Audrey. Nursingbasicsforclinicalpractice/AudreyBerman,ShirleeJ.Snyder,DebraS.McKinney. p.;cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-13-603548-0 1. Nursing. I. Snyder,Shirlee. II. McKinney,DebraS. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. NursingProcess. 2. Nursing—methods. 3. NursingCare—methods. WY100B4985n2011] RT41.B39122011 610.73—dc22 2009038339 JulieLevinAlexander DavidGesell Publisher: DirectorofMarketing: ReginaBruno MichaelSirinides Publisher’sAssistant: MarketingSpecialist: MauraConnor CrystalGonzalez Editor-in-Chief: MarketingAssistant: KellyTrakalo TravisMoses-Westphal SeniorAcquisitionsEditor: MediaEditor: LaurenSweeney RachelCollett EditorialAssistant: MediaProjectManager: TomLochhaas ZinaArabia DevelopmentEditor: Manager,ImageRightsandPermissions: PatrickWalsh BethBrenzel ManagingProductionEditor: Manager,VisualResearch: YagneshJani ProductionLiaison: Manager,CoverVisualResearchandPermissions: AmyGehl,S4CarlislePublishingServices KarenSanatar ProductionEditor: IleneSanford JanMarcQuisumbing ManufacturingManager: ImagePermissionCoordinator: ChristyMahon S4CarlislePublishingServices DesignDirector: Composition: MariaGuglielmo-Walsh CourierKendallville SeniorArtDirector: Printer/Binder: WandaEspaña/Wee LehighPhoenixColor/Hagerstown InteriorandCoverDesigner: CoverPrinter: DesignGroup CoverImage:Courtesyofistockphoto. ChapterOpenerImages:Courtesyofistockphotoandshutterstock. AnoteaboutNursingDiagnoses:NursingDiagnosesinthistextaretakenfromNursing Diagnoses-DefinitionsandClassifications2009-2011.Copyright2009,2007,2005,2003,2001,1998, 1996,1994byNSNDAInternational.UsedbyarrangementwithWiley-BlackwellPublishing,a CompanyofJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.InordertomakesafeandeffectivejudgementsusingNANDA-I nursingdiagnosesitisessentialthatnursesrefertothedefinitionsanddefiningcharacteristicsofthe diagnoseslistedinthiswork. Notice:Carehasbeentakentoconfirmtheaccuracyofinformationpresentedinthisbook.The authors,editors,andthepublisher,however,cannotacceptanyresponsibilityforerrorsoromissionsor forconsequencesfromapplicationoftheinformationinthisbookandmakenowarranty,expressor implied,withrespecttoitscontents. Theauthorsandpublisherhaveexertedeveryefforttoensurethatdrugselectionsanddosagesset forthinthistextareinaccordwithcurrentrecommendationsandpracticeattimeofpublication. However,inviewofongoingresearch,changesingovernmentregulations,andtheconstantflowof informationrelatingtodrugtherapyanddrugreactions,thereaderisurgedtocheckthepackageinserts ofalldrugsforanychangeinindicationsofdosageandforaddedwarningsandprecautions.Thisis particularlyimportantwhentherecommendedagentisanewand/orinfrequentlyemployeddrug. Allrights Copyright©2011byPearsonEducation,Inc.,UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458. reserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.ThispublicationisprotectedbyCopyrightand permissionshouldbeobtainedfromthepublisherpriortoanyprohibitedreproduction,storageina retrievalsystem,ortransmissioninanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying, recording,orlikewise.Forinformationregardingpermission(s),writeto:RightsandPermissions Department. Pearson®isaregisteredtrademarkofPearsonplc. 109876543 ISBN10: 0-13-603548-5 ISBN13:978-0-13-603548-0 #103319 Cust:PE/NJ/CHET Au:Berman Pg.No.iv C/M/Y/K S4DCESIGANSRERVLICIESSOLF E Title:NursingBasicsforClinicalPractice Server:Jobs3 Short/Normal PublishingServices A02_BERM5480_01_SE_FM.QXD 1/4/10 6:28 PM Page v About the Authors AUDREY BERMAN SHIRLEE SNYDER Audrey Berman received her BSN from the University of Shirlee J. Snyder graduated from Columbia Hospital California–San Francisco and later returned to that campus to School of Nursing in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and subse- obtain her MS in physiologic nursing and her PhD in nursing. quently received a bachelor of science in nursing from Uni- Her dissertation was entitled Sailing a Course through Chemo- versity of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Because of an interest in therapy:The Experience of Women with Breast Cancer. She cardiac nursing and teaching, she earned a master of sci- worked in oncology at Samuel Merritt Hospital prior to begin- ence in nursing with a minor in cardiovascular clinical spe- ning her teaching career in the diploma program at Samuel cialist and teaching from the University of Alabama in Merritt Hospital School of Nursing in 1976. As a faculty mem- Birmingham. Amove to California resulted in becoming a ber, she participated in the transition of that program into a bac- faculty member at Samuel Merritt Hospital School of Nurs- calaureate degree and in the development of the master of ing in Oakland, California. Dr. Snyder was fortunate to be science in nursing program. Over the years, she has taught a va- involved in the phasing out of the diploma and ADN pro- riety of medical–surgical nursing courses in the prelicensure grams and development of a baccalaureate intercollegiate programs. She currently serves as the dean of nursing at nursing program. She held numerous positions during her Samuel Merritt College (an affiliate of Sutter Health). 15-year tenure at Samuel Merritt College, including cur- Dr. Berman has traveled extensively, visiting nursing riculum coordinator, assistant director–instruction, dean of and health care institutions in Germany, Israel, Spain, Ko- instruction, and associate dean of the Intercollegiate Nurs- rea, Botswana, Australia, Japan, and Brazil. She serves on ing Program. She is an associate professor alumnus at the board of directors for the Bay Area Tumor Institute. Samuel Merritt College. Her interest and experiences in She is a member of the American Nurses Association and nursing education resulted in Dr. Snyder obtaining a doc- Sigma Theta Tau and is a site visitor for the Commission torate of education focused in curriculum and instruction on Collegiate Nursing Education. She has twice partici- from the University of San Francisco. pated as an NCLEX-RN® item writer for the National Dr. Snyder moved to Portland, Oregon, in 1990 and Council of State Boards of Nursing. She is certified as an taught in the ADN program at Portland Community College advanced oncology nurse and as an AIDS educator and has for eight years. During this teaching experience she became presented locally, nationally, and internationally on topics interested in computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and initi- related to nursing education, breast cancer, and technology ated web-based assessment testing for student learning. She in health care. presented locally and nationally on topics related to using Dr. Berman authored the scripts for more than 35 nurs- multimedia in the classroom and promoting ethnic and mi- ing skills videotapes in the 1990s. She is the co-author of nority student success. Kozier & Erb’sFundamentals of Nursingand Skills in Clin- Another career opportunity in 1998 led her to the Com- ical Nursing. munity College of Southern Nevada in Las Vegas, Nevada, where Dr. Snyder was the nursing program director with re- sponsibilities for the associate degree and practical nursing Audrey Bermandedicates this edition to the real heroes in programs for five years. In 2003, Dr. Snyder returned to bac- nursing education:the faculty. These men and women elect calaureate nursing education. She embraced the opportunity to spend their professional energies transmitting their to be one of the nursing faculty teaching the first nursing knowledge, skills, and caring not just to clients, but to the class in the baccalaureate nursing program at the first state extensions of their arms and minds—the generations of college in Nevada, which opened in 2002. She is currently nurses to come. They are my colleagues,my friends,and my the associate dean of the School of Nursing at Nevada State family. College in Henderson, Nevada. v 103319 C PE/NJ/CHET A B P N C/M/Y/K DESIGNSERVICESOF A02_BERM5480_01_SE_FM.QXD 1/4/10 6:28 PM Page vi vi ABOUT THE AUTHORS Dr. Snyder is an advisory board member for the Nevada 2003, master of science in nursing and a master of business Geriatric Education Center and a member of the American administration in health care management from University Nurses Association, Sigma Theta Tau, and a variety of task of Phoenix in 2007. She entered the field of nursing educa- groups addressing the Southern Nevada nursing shortage. tion in 2003 when she was asked to develop a practical nurs- She has been a site visitor for the National League for Nurs- ing program in Northern Virginia. ing Accrediting Commission and the Northwest Association Mrs. McKinney has developed curriculum for numerous of Schools and Colleges. Dr. Synder is the co-author of schools of nursing at the practical and associate degree level. Kozier & Erb’sFundamentals of Nursingand Skills in Clin- She consults with schools of nursing to assist in obtaining ac- ical Nursing. creditation, revising curriculum, and correlating textbooks to Dr. Snyder’s experiences in nursing education and syllabi. She teaches NCLEX® review courses for both the teaching keep her current in nursing and nursing education. practical/vocational and professional nurse nationwide. She She appreciates all she learns from the students she has is currently an adjunct instructor for University of Illinois taught and her past and present faculty colleagues. Global Campus and Axia College of University of Phoenix. However, the focus of her work today is writing a textbook to be used by schools of nursing using the concept-based peda- Shirlee Snyderdedicates this edition to her husband,Terry gogy that is also the subject of her dissertation as she pursues J. Schnitter,for his unconditional love and support,and to a doctorate in education with a focus on curriculum design her stepdaughter, Kelly, an awesome young woman, and and instruction. Mrs. McKinney has developed many supple- caring mother,wife,and daughter who is diligently working ments for Pearson Prentice Hall, coauthored Comprehensive on achieving her goal of becoming a nurse. Review of the NCLEX-PN®with Mary Ann Hogan, and is cur- rently writing several other nursing textbooks. Mrs. McKinney is married and lives in the beautiful DEBRA MCKINNEY Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, area. She belongs to Sigma Theta Tau, National League for Nurses, National Associa- Debra McKinney graduated from Saint Luke’s Hospital tion of Practical Nurse Education and Service, Committee School of Nursing in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, with a of Practical Nurse Educators, and NANDAInternational. diploma in professional nursing in 1977. She worked in pedi- atric and neonatal intensive care, emergency care, and adult critical care for 30 years. She obtained certification as a pedi- Debra McKinney dedicates this edition to the men and atric critical care nurse and contributed to research related to women who are entering the profession of nursing,includ- the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates ing her husband. The future of health care depends on each as well as early work on use of liquid oxygen in pediatric of these students who have chosen a difficult but highly re- clients. warding career that places care of others over all else with After experiencing a back injury that limited her ability the knowledge that real satisfaction comes from knowing to walk, Mrs. McKinney subsequently obtained her bache- they made a positive difference in the lives they touch. You lor of science in nursing from University of Phoenix in are to be respected and admired for your decision. 103319 C PE/NJ/CHET A B P N i C/M/Y/K DESIGNSERVICESOF A02_BERM5480_01_SE_FM.QXD 1/4/10 6:28 PM Page vii Acknowledgments We wish to extend a sincere thank you to the talented team Amy Gehl, S4Carlisle production editor, for producing this involved in the development of this book: the contributors book with precision, and to the design team led by Maria and reviewers who provided content and very helpful feed- Guglielmo-Walsh, creative director, for providing a truly back; the nursing students, for their questioning minds and beautiful design for this textbook. motivation; and the nursing instructors, who provided many As a nursing student begins on the path of a career in valuable suggestions for this edition. nursing, he or she also finds new opportunities unfolding as We would like to thank the editorial team at Pearson, in- a light from within that brightens the path ahead. As students cluding Kelly Trakalo, senior acquisitions editor, for never learn more about the field of nursing, they will explore and letting us forget our fundamental goals in writing this text- pursue areas of the field that they may have never imagined book; Tom Lochhaas, development editor, for his dedication at the beginning of their journey. Now is your beginning— to detail and knowledge as well as his willingness to teach open your eyes and your mind to all of the wonderful op- and guide to help this book reach its full potential, and Lau- portunities in the field of nursing that are waiting to be ren Sweeney, editorial assistant, who attended to the many pursued. You are the next generation of nursing. details of making this book and its supplements happen. Audrey Berman Many thanks to the production team of Patrick Walsh, pro- Shirlee Snyder duction manager; Yagnesh Jani, production liaison; and Debra McKinney vii 103319 C PE/NJ/CHET A B P N ii C/M/Y/K DESIGNSERVICESOF A02_BERM5480_01_SE_FM.QXD 1/4/10 6:28 PM Page viii 103319 C PE/NJ/CHET A B P N iii C/M/Y/K DESIGNSERVICESOF A02_BERM5480_01_SE_FM.QXD 1/4/10 6:28 PM Page ix Thank You The authors wish to convey their special thanks to the many gestions, eye for detail, and dedication to quality nursing ed- nurse contributors and reviewers who provided their unique ucation were evident and enabled us to prepare an accurate, knowledge and expertise to this project. Their insights, sug- relevant, and useful fundamentals textbook. CONTRIBUTORS Judy R. Hembd, RN, MSN Connie Schroeder, MS, RN Collin College Danville Area Community College McKinney, TX Danville, IL Jan Joost Front Range Community College Eula Jackson, RN, BS, MSNEd, Valerie Taylor, MSN, M.Ed Chapter 1 CNE, PhD Lorain County Community College Reid State College Elyria, OH Evergreen, AL Robyn Whitehair, MSN, ARNP-BC REVIEWERS Mary Ann Lubiejewski, MSN, RN Madisonville Community College Mercyhurst North East Madisonville, KY Roberta P. Bartee, MS, RN, BC North East, PA Charity Delgado School of Nursing Kathi May, RN, BSN, M.Ed New Orleans, LA Marshalltown Community College SUPPLEMENT Holli Benge, MSN, RN Marshalltown, IA CONTRIBUTORS Tyler Junior College Joseph Molinatti, Ed.D, RN Tyler, TX College of Mt. Saint Vincent Tracy Blanc, RN, BSN Donna Bumpus, RN, MSN Bronx, NY Ivy Tech Community College Lamar University Mary-Rose Murray, RN, BSN, MSN of Indiana Beaumont, TX Midlands Technical College Terre Haute, IN Karen A. Cassidy, RN, BSN, MHA Columbia, SC Instructor’s Resource Manual Dulles, VA Tricia O’Hara, RN, MSN VaLinda Pearson, PhD, RN, CRRN, Charlene M. Chapman, RN, BSN Gwynedd Mercy College CNE Pennsylvania Institute of Technology Gwynedd Valley, PA St. Catherine University Media, PA VaLinda Pearson, PhD, RN, Minneapolis, MN PowerPoint Slide Lecture Cynthia Lee Dols, RN, MN, PHN CRRN,CNE College of St. Catherine College of St. Catherine Gloria Jean Shover, RN, BSN, AHI Minneapolis, MN Minneapolis, MN Erie Business College Erie, PA Cheryl Gardner, RN, BA Patricia Poirier, PhD, RN, AOCN Student Workbook Bedford Hills, NY University of Maine School of Nursing Elizabeth Schneider, RN, MSN Terry Girouard, MS, MSN, RN, BC Orono, ME MedVance Institute St. Joseph College Palm Springs, FL Standish, ME Peggy Radke, RN, MSN TestBank Central Community College Mary M. Goetteman, RN, Ed.D Grand Island, NE Daytona State College Daytona Beach, FL Elizabeth Rohan, AAS, Nursing/RN Wharton County Junior College Claudia Halie, RN, MSN Wharton, TX Corning Community College Corning, NY ix 103319 C PE/NJ/CHET A B P N i C/M/Y/K DESIGNSERVICESOF
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