Nursery pig growth response to feed ingredients and feed additives

118 Pages·2015·0.84 MB·English

IIlllliinnooiiss SSttaattee UUnniivveerrssiittyy
IISSUU RReeDD:: RReesseeaarrcchh aanndd eeDDaattaa
Theses and Dissertations
3-20-2014
NNuurrsseerryy ppiigg ggrroowwtthh rreessppoonnssee ttoo ffeeeedd iinnggrreeddiieennttss aanndd ffeeeedd
aaddddiittiivveess:: II)).. SSpprraayy--ddrriieedd bblloooodd ppllaassmmaa vvss.. sspprraayy--ddrriieedd eegggg eeffffeecctt
oonn nnuurrsseerryy ppiigg ggrroowwtthh ppeerrffoorrmmaannccee IIII)).. EEffffeecctt ooff α--ggaallaaccttoossiiddaassee
aanndd cciittrriicc aacciidd oonn nnuurrsseerryy ppiigg ggrroowwtthh ppeerrffoorrmmaannccee wwhheenn aaddddeedd ttoo
aa ccoorrnn--ssooyybbeeaann mmeeaall ddiieett
Elizabeth Kaye Pegg
Illinois State University, [email protected]
Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd
Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Animal Sciences Commons
RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn
Pegg, Elizabeth Kaye, "Nursery pig growth response to feed ingredients and feed additives: I). Spray-dried
blood plasma vs. spray-dried egg effect on nursery pig growth performance II). Effect of α-galactosidase
and citric acid on nursery pig growth performance when added to a corn-soybean meal diet" (2014).
Theses and Dissertations. 108.
https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/108
This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ISU ReD: Research and eData. It has been accepted for
inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ISU ReD: Research and eData. For more
information, please contact [email protected].
NURSERY PIG GROWTH RESPONSE TO FEED INGREDIENTS AND FEED
ADDITIVES: I). SPRAY-DRIED BLOOD PLASMA VS. SPRAY-DRIED
EGG EFFECT ON NURSERY PIG GROWTH PERFORMANCE II).
EFFECT OF α-GALACTOSIDASE AND CITRIC ACID ON
NURSERY PIG GROWTH PERFORMANCE WHEN
ADDED TO A CORN-SOYBEAN MEAL DIET

Elizabeth K. Pegg
107 Pages May 2014
Nursery pigs are defined as newly weaned pigs adjusting to a solid-plant based
diet after being weaned from a milk-based diet. Weaning has nutritional, environmental,
social, and physiological impacts on the nursery pig. Nutrition is modified to
accommodate changing needs of the nursery pig. The nursery pig diet is developed by
adding highly digestible animal proteins to the standard corn-soybean meal swine diet.
Development of the nursery diet improves pig performance but animal-based proteins can
be expensive and do not address undigestible components of the plant-based ingredients.
Addition of lower-cost animal proteins, addition of enzymes, and addition of acidifiers
have the capability to improve nutrient utilization of corn-soybean meal diets by nursery
pigs at a lower cost. This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter one consists of a
literature review examining nursery pig management and nutrition in the United
Statesswine industry. Chapter two examines the effectiveness of independent addition of
spray-dried blood plasma or spray-dried egg to improve nursery pig growth performance
when added to the standard nursery diet. Chapter three examines the effectiveness of the
independent and joint addition of α-galactosidase and citric acid to improve nursery pig
growth performance when added to a corn-soybean meal diet. Chapter four summarizes
the findings of Chapter two and three and the implications of these findings for the swine
industry.
NURSERY PIG GROWTH RESPONSE TO FEED INGREDIENTS AND FEED
ADDITIVES: I). SPRAY-DRIED BLOOD PLASMA VS. SPRAY-DRIED
EGG EFFECT ON NURSERY PIG GROWTH PERFORMANCE II).
EFFECT OF α-GALACTOSIDASE AND CITRIC ACID ON
NURSERY PIG GROWTH PERFORMANCE WHEN
ADDED TO A CORN-SOYBEAN MEAL DIET

ELIZABETH K. PEGG

A Thesis Submitted in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
Department of Agriculture
ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY
2014
NURSERY PIG GROWTH RESPONSE TO FEED INGREDIENTS AND FEED
ADDITIVES: I). SPRAY-DRIED BLOOD PLASMA VS. SPRAY-DRIED
EGG EFFECT ON NURSERY PIG GROWTH PERFORMANCE II).
EFFECT OF α-GALACTOSIDASE AND CITRIC ACID ON
NURSERY PIG GROWTH PERFORMANCE WHEN
ADDED TO A CORN-SOYBEAN MEAL DIET

ELIZABETH K. PEGG

COMMITTEE MEMBERS:
Peter J. Lammers, Chair
Leslie A. Lekatz
Kerry W. Tudor
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I thank all the faculty, staff, family and friends who supported and guided my path
of exploration and learning that lead to the completion of my Master of Science degree.
In the ISU Ag Department I extend a special thanks to Kathy Scott and Mary Akers for
their technical assistance, management of my assistantship and great company. In
addition, I would like to thank my array of officemates: Matt Faulkner, Monique Cullota,
Libby Schertz, Katelynn Clement and Kelsey Schueler, along with all other graduate
students, for incorporating fun and excitement into our long work days. I thank the ISU
Farm staff and student workers for their support and assistance on long weigh days. In
particular I thank Jeff Robb, without his friendship and support I would have never
learned the practices of the swine industry.
In my personal life, I thank my wonderful family. There is no family like us and
no greater family in the world. I love you Mom, Dad, Renee, Ed, Bean, Robert, Marc,
Heather, Maddie and Edward. I thank Matt, my fiancé, for his open-mind, open-heart and
unwavering love – I love you honey. I thank Matt’s parents Scott and Linda Repplinger
for their continued guidance and love. And last but not least, I thank my best friend
Gloria Flinn for offering a friendship that no one else can.
i
For funding my research and assistantship, I would like to thank Brookside Agra
L. C., Illinois Soybean Association, and Illinois State Agriculture Department.
I would like to thank my thesis committee: Dr. Pete Lammers, Dr. Leslie Lekatz
and Dr. Kerry Tudor for committing their time and efforts to improve my thesis. I would
like to thank Dr. Lekatz for her support and guidance and I would like to thank Dr.
Lammers for his support, guidance and willingness to supervise my master’s work.
This thesis is dedicated to Dr. Paul Walker. Dr. Walker without your passion for
animal nutrition and expectation for excellence I would have never discovered my future.
Thank you.
E.K.P.
ii
CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS i
CONTENTS iii
TABLES v
INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER
I. LITERATURE REVIEW 3

Introduction 3
The Nursery Pig 4
Age and Weight at Weaning 5
Nursery Pig Housing Environment 6
Health of the Nursery Pig 9
Feed Consumption and Diet 11
Feed Ingredients and Feed Additives 19
Study I 26
Study II 35
Deficiencies in the Literature 45
References 46
Tables 57
II. EFFECT OF SPRAY-DRIED BLOOD PLASMA COMPARED TO
SPRAY-DRIED EGG ON NURSERY PIG GROWTH PERFORMANCE 58

Title Page 59
Abstract 60
Introduction 62
Materials and Methods 63
Results 65
Discussion 66
References 68
iii
Tables 70
III. EFFECT OF α-GALACTOSIDASE AND CITRIC ACID ON NURSERY
PIG GROWTH PERFORMANCE WHEN ADDED TO A CORN-
SOYBEAN MEAL DIET 77

Title Page 78
Abstract 79
Introduction 81
Materials and Methods 82
Results 85
Discussion 87
Implications 90
References 92
Tables 95
IV. SUMMARY AND SYNOPSIS 105

iv
TABLES
Table Page
1.1 Review of Age and Weight at Weaning for Select Studies 57
2.1 Composition of WHEY Diet Fed to Nursery Pigs in 3 Phases
(as-fed basis) 70
2.2 Composition of PLASMA Fed to Nursery Pigs in 3 Phases
(as-fed basis) 71
2.3 Composition of EGG Fed to Nursery Pigs in 3 Phases
(as-fed basis) 72
2.4 Feed Price Index for Diet Cost Comparison 73
2.5 Growth Performance by Diet, all Phases Combined 74
2.6 Growth Performance Presented by Phase for Each Diet 75
2.7 Cost Comparison of Diets 76
3.1 Composition of the CON1 in Exp. 1 (as-fed) 95
3.2 Composition of NURS and CON2 Diets in Exp. 2 (as-fed basis) 96
3.3 Price Index for Cost Comparison 97
3.4 Effect of Dietary Supplementation on Nursery Pigs, Exp. 1, PH 1 98
3.5 Effect of Dietary Supplementation on Nursery Pigs, Exp. 1, PH 2 99
3.6 Effect of Dietary Supplementation on Nursery Pigs, Exp. 1,
PH Combined 100
3.7 Effect of Dietary Supplementation on Nursery Pigs, Exp. 2, PH 1 101
3.8 Effect of Dietary Supplementation on Nursery Pigs, Exp. 2, PH 2 102
v