NUREG/CR-4691, Vol. 2, "MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS),"

202 Pages·2006·8.31 MB·English

NUREG/CR-4691
SAND86-1562
Vol. 2
Consequence
Accident
MELCOR
MELCOR Accident Consequence
Code System (MACCS)
Model Description
Prepared by H-N Jow, J. L. Sprung, J. A. Rollstin, L. T. Ritchie, D. I. Chanin,
Sandia National Laboratories
Prepared for
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
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Running MACCS 1.5.11.1
IMPORTANT: The new version must use the new dosdata.inp file as
there are new organs listed in the dose conversion file.
The code is now run with a batch file, "RUNMAXPC.BAT" with the
following syntax:
RUNMAXPC ATMOS-fname EARLY-fname CHRONC-fname MET-fname SIT-fname OUTPUT-fname
where ????-fname is the filename of the particular function without
any extension!
For example: in 1.5.11, the files were listed in the ATHOS file
(All of these file handling card images may be deleted, if not,
they will just elicit warning messages.) If you used the "MAX.BAT"
batch file, you would type "max problem" and the batch file would
add the extension ".ATM" and find the file called "problem.atm".
In 1.5.11.1, the "RUNMAXPC" batch file adds the extension ".INP" to
all file names, except the output file which gets an extension of
".OUT".
While not important to running the code, but of interest, whereas
1.5.11 looked at individual files (ATMOS, EARLY, etc.), 1.5.11.1
concatenates all of the files together first into a temporary file
named TEMP23.INP. This means that more hard disk space is needed
to run version 1.5.11.1 for the input files. (Also, one sample run
that I made took 30% longer to run than using the old version.)
At the end of the MACCS run, the computer will beep several times
to identify that the program is finished, not that there has been
an early termination.
File Modifications MACCS 1.5.11 to 1.5.11.1
EARLY File: ADD the column in BOLD type at the right
* ACNAME ORGNAM ACSUSC DOSEFA DOSEFB CFRISK CIRISK DDREFA
LCANCERS001 'LEUKEMIA' 'RED MARR' 1.0 1.0 0.0 9.70E-3 9.70E-3 2.0
LCANCERS002 'BONE' 'BONE SUR' 1.0 1.0 0.0 9.OOE-4 9.OOE-4 2.0
LCANCERS003 *BREAST' 'BREAST' 1.0 1.0 0.0 5.40E-3 1.59E-2 1.0
LCANCERS004 'LUNG' 'LUNGS' 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.55E-2 1.73E-2 2.0
LCANCERS005 'THYROID' 'THYROIDH' 1.0 1.0 0.0 7.20E-4 7.20E-3 1.0
LCANCERS006 'GI' 'LOWER LI' 1.0 1.0 0.0 3.36E-2 5.75E-2 2.0
LCANCERS007 'OTHER' 'BLAD WAL' 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.76E-2 5.52E-2 2.0
ADD the following card images:
* THRESHOLD DOSE FOR APPLYING DDREFA
LCDDTHRE001 1.0

NUREG/CR-4691
SAND86-1562
Vol. 2
MELCOR Accident Consequence
Code System (MACCS)
Model Description
Manuscript Completed: December 1989
Date Published: February 1990
Prepared by
H-N Jow, J. L Sprung, J. A. Rolistin,* L. T.Ritchie,
D. I. Chanin,**
Sandia National Laboratories
Albuquerque, NM 87185
*GRAM, Inc. Albuquerque, NM
**Technadyne Engineering Consultants, Inc.
Albuquerque, NM
Prepared for
Division of Systems Research
Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Washington, DC 20555
NRC FIN A1853

ABSTRACT
This report describes the MACCS computer code. The purpose of this code
is to simulate the impact of severe accidents at nuclear power plants on
the surrounding environment. MACCS has been developed for the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission to replace the previously used CRAC2 code,
and it incorporates many improvements in modeling flexibility in
comparison to CRAC2.
The principal phenomena considered in MACCS are atmospheric transport,
mitigative actions based on dose projection, dose accumulation by a
number of pathways including food and water ingestion, early and latent
health effects, and economic costs.
The MACCS code can be used for a variety of applications. These include
(1) probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) of nuclear power plants and other
nuclear facilities, (2) sensitivity studies to gain a better
understanding of the parameters important to PRA, and (3) cost-benefit
analysis.
This report is composed of three volumes. Volume I, the User's Guide,
describes the input data requirements of the MACCS code and provides
directions for its use as illustrated by three sample problems.
Volume II, the Model Description, describes the underlying models that
are implemented in the code, and Volume III, the Programmer's Reference
Manual, describes the code's structure and database management.
iii
I
CONTENTS
Page
1.0 Introduction ................................................
1.1 Historical Background ..................................
1.2 Model Overview ......................................... ... 1-3
1.2.1 Input Data and Quantities Calculated by MACCS ...
1.2.2 Atmospheric Dispersion and Transport ............ ... 1-4
1.2.3 Deposition, Weathering, Resuspension, and Decay.. .1-5
1.2.4 Weather Data ............ ....................... 1-5
1.2.5 Dosimetry ....................................... ... 1-6
1.2.5.1 Dose Mitigation ......................... .1-6
1.2.5.2 Exposure Pathways ....................... ... 1-7
1.2.5.3 Shielding Factors ....................... .. 1-8
1.2.6 Health Effects .................................. ... 1-8
1.2.7 Economic Effects ................................ .. 1-9
1.3 MACCS Computational Framework and Analysis Strategy .... ...1 -10
1.4 Report Structure ....................................... ... 1-12
2.0 Atmospheric Dispersion and Transport .......... .......... 2-1
2.1 Introduction .............................. .......... 2-1
2.2 Release Specification .................... .......... 2-1
2.3 Weather Data ............................. .......... 2-2
2.3.1 Weather Sequence Selection ........ .......... 2-2
2.3.2 Weather Sequence Categorization ... .......... 2-3
2.3.3 Boundary Weather .................. .......... 2-3
2.4 Risk Dominant Plume ...................... .......... 2-4
2.5 Initial Plume Dimensions ................. .......... 2-4
2.6 Representative Weather Point ............. .......... 2-5
2.7 Downwind Transport ....................... .......... 2-5
2.8 Plume Rise ............................... .......... 2-6
2.8.1 Liftoff Criterion ................. .......... 2-6
2.8.2 Plume Rise Equations .............. .......... 2-7
2.8.3 Mixing Height ..................... .......... 2-9
2.9 Dispersion ............................... ...... 2-10
2.9.1 Gaussian Plume Equations .......... .......... 2-10
2.9.2 Dispersion Parameters ............. .......... 2-13
2.9.3 Surface Roughness ................. .......... 2-16
2.9.4 Plume Meander ..................... .......... 2-16
2.10 Plume Depletion .......................... .......... 2-17
2.10.1 Radioactive Decay ................. .......... 2-17
2.10.2 Dry Deposition .................... .......... 2-18
2.10.3 Wet Deposition .................... .......... 2-21
2.11 Centerline Air and Ground Concentrations . .......... 2-24
2.12 Results Calculated by ATMOS .............. .......... 2-26
3.0 Dosimetry and Exposure Pathways ................................ 3-1
3.1 Early Exposure Pathways .................................. 3-1
3.1.1 Off-Centerline Correction Factors for Early
Exposure Pathways ................................... 3-2
3.1.2 Cloudshine ......................................... 3-6
3.1.3 Groundshine ........................................ 3-8
3.1.4 Inhalation ......................................... 3-12
3.1.5 Resuspension Inhalation ........................... 3-13
3.1.6 Deposition to Skin ................................. 3-14
3.2 Intermediate and Long-Term Exposure Pathways ............. 3-16
3.2.1 Off-Centerline Correction Factor for the
Intermediate and Long-Term Phases ................... 3-17
3.2.2 Groundshine ........................................ 3-17
3.2.3 Resuspension Inhalation ........................... 3-19
3.2.4 Ingestion Doses from Contaminated Food ............ 3-20
3.2.5 Doses from Contaminated Water ...................... 3-31
4.0 Economic Costs ................................................. 4-1
4.1 Costs Resulting from Early Protective Actions ............. 4-2
4.2 Costs Resulting from Protective Actions of Intermediate
Phase .................................................... 4-4
4.3 Costs Resulting from Long-Term Protective Actions ......... 4-4
4.3.1 Costs Resulting from Restoring Habitability of
Nonfarm Properties ................................. 4-5
4.3.2 Costs Resulting from Restoring Habitability and
Farm Production of Farm Properties ................. 4-8
4.3.3 Costs Resulting from Disposal of Growing Season
Crops .............................................. 4-10
4.3.4 Costs Resulting from Condemning Farm or Nonfarm
Property ........................................... 4-11
5.0 Mitigative Actions and Dose Accumulation ....................... 5-1
5.1 Emergency Phase ........................................... 5-2
5.1.1 Evacuation ....................................... 5-3
5.1.2 Population Sheltering .............................. 5-5
5.1.3 Population Relocation .............................. 5-5
5.1.4 Dose Accumulation of Emergency Phase ............... 5-6
5.2 Intermediate Phase ........................................ 5-8
5.3 Long-Term Phase ........................................... 5-8
5.3.1 Long-Term Habitation Doses ......................... 5-9
5.3.1.1 Decontamination and Temporary Interdiction .5-10
5.3.1.2 Cost Effectiveness ......................... 5-11
5.3.1.3 Dose Accumulation .......................... 5-12
5.3.2 Nonfarm Properties Decontamination Worker Dose ..... 5-12
5.3.3 Long-Term Ingestion Doses .......................... 5-13
5.3.3.1 Restricted Farmland Production ............. 5-14
5.3.3.2 Cost Effectiveness ......................... 5-15
5.3.3.3 Growing Season Crop Disposal ............... 5-15
5.3.3.4 Food Pathway Ingestion Dose Accumulation ... 5-17
5.3.4 Farmland Decontamination Worker Dose ............... 5-21
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