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Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems PDF

330 Pages·1996·25.78 MB·English
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Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening finks between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical and Physical Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers D Behavioural and Social Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo I Global Environmental Change PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1. Disarmament Technologies Kluwer Academic Publishers 2. Environment Springer-Verlag I Kluwer Academic Publishers 3. High Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers 4. Science and Technology Policy Kluwer Academic Publishers 5. Computer Networking Kluwer Academic Publishers The Partnership Sub-Series incorporates activities undertaken in collaboration with NA TO's Cooperation Partners, the countries ot the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe, in Priority Areas of concern to those countries. NATO-PCO-DATA BASE The electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references (with keywords and/or abstracts) to more than 50000 contributions from international scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATO-PCO-DATA BASE is possible in two ways: - via online FILE 128 (NATO-PCO-DATA BASE) hosted by ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, 1-00044 Frascati, Italy. - via CD-ROM "NATO-PCO-DATA BASE" with user-friendly retrieval software in English, French and German (© wrv GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies Inc. 1989). The CD-ROM can be ordered through any member of the Board of Publishers or through NATO- PCO, Overijse, Belgium. Series 1: Disarmament Technologies - Vol. 8 Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems edited by L.G. LeSage Engineering Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A. and A.A. Sarkisov Nuclear Safety Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht / Boston / London Published In cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems Moscow, Russia June 19-22, 1995 A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7286-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-1758-3 001: 10.1007/978-94-009-1758-3 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1996 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo- copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ............................................ xi Current Status of Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning Problems of Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Recycling N.J. Shumkov ........................................ 3 Worldwide Overview of Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning Plans and Issues P.L. @lgaard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7 Overview of Nuclear Submarine Inactivation and Scrapping/Recycling in the United States M. MacKinnon III and 1. G. Burritt ....................... 17 French Strategy for Disposal of Nuclear Powered Ships and Spent Fuel A. Masurel ........................................ 35 Conceptual Approaches to Decommissioning, Dismantlement, and Utilization of Nuclear Submarines Basics of the Concept of Reactor Compartment Handling (Including Off-Normal) when Recycling Nuclear Submarines. Top-Priority R&D V. V. Borisov, VA. Mazokin, M.Ye. Netecha, Yu. V. Orlov, G.A. Stanislavsky and V.K. Ulassevich ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41 Basic Approaches to the Problem of Recycling of Russian Nuclear Submarines Yeo Gorigledjan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 53 Major Directions of Recycling Power Compartments from Nuclear Submarines N.I. Gherassimov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57 vi Conceptual Approach to Recycling of Nuclear Submarines and Solid Radioactive Waste Produced L. V. Kizhnerov, Ye.A. Konstantinov, N.A. Korablev, M.l. Mochenov, D.B. Shuisky and Yu.P. Shulepko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61 Decommissioning and Recycling of Nuclear Submarines and Other Nuclear Powered Ships and Vessels S.D. Gavrilov, v.A. Kremnev, V.A. Maksakov and B.M. Nevzorov .. 67 Radioecological Problems Related to Disassembly and Recycling of Decommissioned Nuclear Submarines V. V. Dovgusha, V.l. Kvasha and Yu.P. Shulepko .............. 77 An Alternative Concept for Recycling Nuclear Submarines of the Russian Federation Navy P.L. Smirnov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 83 Situation with Decommissioning, Dismantlement and Recycling of Nuclear Submarines in Russia V.S. Topilin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Nonbudget Financing of the Nuclear Submarine Recycling Problem F. Matsakyan ...................................... 97 Radioactive Material and Waste Treatment Problems Radioactive Waste Reprocessing in Nuclear Submarine Recycling G.M. Chechelnitsky, S.D. Gavrilov and v.A. Kremnev ......... 103 Liquid Waste Processing P.e. Childress and A.P. Zotov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 109 Principles of Handling Decommissioned Ship Reactors G.A. Gladkov, V.N. Lystsov, E.G. Pologuikh, Yu. V. Siventsev and A.P. Zotov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 115 Issues of Policy Integration in Solving the Problems of Nuclear Submarines Decommissioning V.G. Iljin, V.A. Melnikov, V.A. Vassilenko and v.P. Zhuravlev ... 123 vii Decommissioning of Nuclear Submarines: Waste Minimization by Recycling S. Menon ........................................ 129 Systems Approach for Safe Handling and Quality Assurance in Waste Management: Conditioning, Transport, Storage, Disposal, and Safeguards E.R. Merz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 137 Problems of Decontamination and Reprocessing of Materials, Equipment and Radioactive Waste from Nuclear Submarines Being Recycled B.I. Berezhko, V.I. Go ryn in, G.D. Nikishin, D.N. Romanov, A.A. Khokhlov and VP. Sharikov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 149 Disposal of High-Level Waste Through Underground Nuclear Explosions in the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago VN. Klimenko, V.M. Loborev, Ye.P. Maslin, A.A. Panshin and L.S. Yevterev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157 Experience with and Technologies for Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Dismantlement and Utilization Experience of Nuclear Submarine Recycling at "Nerpa" Ship Repairing Plant V.N. Zinovenko .................................... 179 On Problems of Recycling Nuclear Submarines at "Zvezda" Plant V.A. Maslakov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 185 Problems of Nuclear Submarine Recycling and Environmental Protection Yu.K. Ivanov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 191 Safety Issues when Handling Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste in the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Federation V.A. Danilyan and V.L. Vysotsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 201 viii Decommissioning Plan for Paldiski Nuclear Facilities H. Putnik and T. Grochowski, Jr. ....................... 209 Review of Key Decontamination and Dismantlement Technologies W.J. Manion ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 221 Overview of Defueling Approaches used to Deal with Reactors that have Major Core Damage N.M. Cole, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 231 A Consortium Approach to Nuclear Plant Material Recycle and the Stabilization of Nuclear Naval Vessels and Waste Materials L. Duffy ......................................... 241 Cementation of Equipment and Power Compartment Rooms as an Ecologically Safe Approach to Decommissioning, Recycling and Burial of Nuclear Submarines N.I. Aleksandrov ................................... 251 Recycling of Objects by Explosive Processes v.S. Kozlov, V.R. Voronin and V.M. Zakharov . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 257 Radiation Safety: Experience and Problems Comparative Ecological and Hygienic Analysis of Existing and Perspective Technologies for Nuclear Submarine Disintegration A.Ya. Blekher, V.S. Bychenkov, V.V. Dovgusha, A.B. Krupkin, V.I. Kvasha and K.K. Popkov .......................... 263 Top-Priority Issues of Radiation Safety in Decommissioning, Dismantling, and Recycling Nuclear Submarines S.G. Testov, Yeo V. Tikhomirov and V.M. Zakharov . . . . . . . . . . .. 269 Ensuring of Radiation Safety when Decommissiong, Dismantling and Recycling Nuclear Submarines G.D. Nikishin, V.P. Sharikov, O.G. Sokolov and V. V. Yurchenko .. 273 ix Radiation Factors Determining the Safety of Handling Reactor Compartments when Decommissioning Nuclear Submarines VA. Mazokin, M.Ye. Netecha, Yu. V Orlov and E.S. Yezovit .. . .. 277 Sealed-State Criteria in Technologies for Extended Storage of Recycled Reactor Compartments VM. Kuzavkov and V.A. Novokhatsky .................... 289 Normalization of the Radiation Situation in Reactor Compartments of Nuclear Submarines Prior to Dismantlement A.P. Konstantinov and M.l. Mochenov 293 Radioecology Issues Overview of Contamination from U.S. and Russian Nuclear Complexes D.J. Bradley ...................................... 299 Radioecological Situation at Bases and Sites for Refueling and Recycling of Nuclear Submarines in the Russian Federation Pacific Fleet. Organizational Issues of Radioecological Support VA. Danilyan and VL. Vysotsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 321 The NATO/CCMSINACC Pilot Study on Cross-Border Radioactive Contamination Emanating from Defense-Related Installations in the Barents and the Kara Sea F. Fonnum, S. Hoibraten, P. Thoresen and o. Andreas Nedregard 331 Norwegian Concerns Regarding Nuclear Submarine Decommission Activities K. Gussgard ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . .. 335 u.S. Department of Defense/Office of Naval Research Arctic Nuclear Waste Assessment Program R. Edson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 339 PREFACE The Advanced Research Workshop on "Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems" was held at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, Russia on June 19-22, 1995. On June 17 and 18, 1995 some of the workshop participants visited the Zwezdochka Shipyard at Severodvinsk which is a repair and dismantlement facility for Russian nuclear submarines. Attendance at the workshop was approximately 115 with participants from Russia, United States, France, Norway, Canada, Denmark, Sweden, Estonia, and Germany. The workshop was sponsored by the Disarmament Panel of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Science Committee. The sponsorship and the financial support of NATO is gratefully acknowledged. The workshop was organized in Russia by the Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBRAE). The efforts of many individuals from IBRAE in producing both a technically challenging workshop and an almost flawless one are also gratefully acknowledged. In addition, the support of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Defense Technologies, the Ministry of the Russian Federation on Atomic Energy, the Navy of the Russian Federation, and the United States Department of Energy is acknowledged. xi

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