Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions, Part B

709 Pages·1974·10.516 MB·English

by  JOSEPH CERNY (Eds.)

This is Volume 40-B in
PURE AND APPLIED PHYSICS
A Series of Monographs and Textbooks
Consulting Editors: H. S. W. MASSEY AND KEITH A. BRUECKNER
A complete list of titles in this series appears at the end of this volume.
Nuclear Spectroscopy
and Reactions
PART Β
Edited by JOSEPH CERNY
Department of Chemistry
and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
University of California
Berkeley, California
ACADEMIC PRESS New York and London 1974
A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
COPYRIGHT © 1974, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR
TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC
OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY
INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT
PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER.
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Ill Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003
United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD.
24/28 Oval Road, London NWl
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Cerny, Joseph.
Nuclear spectroscopy and reactions.
(Pure and applied physics, v. 40-B)
Includes bibliographies.
1. Nuclear spectroscopy. 2. Nuclear reactions.
I. Title. 11. Series.
QC454.N8C47 543'.085 72-13606
ISBN 0-12-165202-5 (pt. B)
PRINTED IN THE UNrTED STATES OF AMERICA
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin.
D. K. ANDERSON, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacks-
burg, Virginia (457)
J. D. ANDERSON, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, University of California,
Livermore, California (613)
A. D. BACKER, Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington,
Indiana (3)
JOHN G. CRAMER,* Physics Department, University of Munich, Germany (89)
KENNETH M. CROWE, University of California, Berkeley, California (493)
EBERHARD FiNCKH,t Nuclear Physics Department, Hahn-Meitner Institute
for Nuclear Research, Berlin, Germany (573)
CHARLES GLASHAUSSER, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (195)
G. IGO, University of California, Los Angeles, California (393)
D. A. JENKINS, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg,
Virginia (457)
M. H. MACFARLANE, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, and
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (169)
F. G. PEREY, Neutron Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge, Tennessee (137)
A. RICHTER, Institute for Experimental Physics, Ruhr University, Bochum,
Germany (343)
* Present address : Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,
t Present address: Institute of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 8520 Erlangen,
Germany.
XI
Xii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
J. P. SCHIFFER, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, and Univer­
sity of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (169)
R. H. SIEMSSEN,* Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois (233)
N. W. TANNER, Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Oxford, England (527)
G. M. TEMMER, Department of Physics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick,
New Jersey (61)
PETER TRUOL, Physics Institute of the University of Zurich, Switzerland (493)
P. VON BRENTANO, Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne,
Germany (89)
W. VON OERTZEN,t Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg,
Germany (279)
RICHARD L. WALTER, Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle
Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke Station, Durham, North Caro­
lina (635)
* Present address: K.V.I., University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,
t Temporary address : Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California.
PREFACE
This work presents a survey of the development of a substantial fraction
of the field of nuclear spectroscopy and reactions, with an emphasis on in-
beam spectroscopy. It basically attempts to follow the spirit of "Nuclear
Spectroscopy," edited by Fay Ajzenberg-Selove, which was published more
than a decade ago. Hopefully, by bringing together at one time some 48
related chapters by 59 experts dealing with particular subdivisions of this
active research area, the user will be able to acquire a broad, contemporary
perspective of this field.
As before, these volumes have been primarily designed for use by graduate
students engaging in experimental studies in nuclear spectroscopy and re­
actions as well as by specialists interested in ideas or techniques developed
in other areas of research. Each author was requested to make his contribu­
tion accessible to a student who has completed graduate-level courses in
nuclear physics and quantum mechanics.
This work is organized into four parts, each of which attempts to present
a coherent area within the field. Part Β deals with charged particle spectro­
scopy and reactions as studied with both light and heavy ions, as well as
with spectroscopic studies involving mesons and neutrons.
Due to the large number of contributors, inevitable problems of duplica­
tion, variable depth of coverage, and differing notation have arisen. Insofar
as possible these problems have been minimized, but retaining the flavor of
the original contribution as well as the notation employed in a particular
research specialty were often overriding concerns.
As the editor I have profited both from many discussions with colleagues
concerning the nature and substance of the work as well as from the pleasant
interactions with the contributing authors. In particular I would like to ex­
press my deep appreciation to F. Ajzenberg-Selove, B. G. Harvey, D. L.
Hendrie, and A. M. Poskanzer for much valuable advice.
xni
CONTENTS OF OTHER PARTS
PART A
I Accelerators in Low and Intermediate Energy Nuclear Physics
LA Electrostatic Accelerators
K, W, Allen
LB The Cyclotron
Bernard G. Harvey
I.C Specialized Accelerators
I.C.I Heavy Ion Accelerators
R. Bock
I.C.2 High Intensity Meson Facilities
M. Stanley Livingston
I.C.3 Electron Linear Accelerators
H. A. Schwettman
II Specialized Auxiliary Equipment
II.A Polarization Experiments
II.A.l Polarized Beams
W. Haeberli
II.A.2 Polarized Targets
P. Catillon
II.B On-Line Mass Separation
R. Klapisch
II.C Techniques for the Study of Short-Lived Nuclei
Ronald D. Macfarlane and William C. McHarris
XV
XVi CONTENTS OF OTHER PARTS
III Measurement of Charged Particle and Gamma Ray Spectra
III.A Semiconductor Radiation Detectors
Fred S, Goulding and Richard H, Pehl
III.B Large Nal Detectors
P.Paul
III.C Magnetic Detection of Charged Particles
D\ L, Hendrie
III.D Semiconductor Detector Spectrometer Electronics
Fred S, Goulding and Donald A, Landis
IILE On-Line Computers in Nuclear Research
R, R. Porchers
PART C
Vn Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy
VILA Coulomb Excitation
F. K. McGowan and P, H Stelson
VILB Coulomb Reorientation
O. Hausser
VILC Magnetic Moments of Excited States
E, Recknagel
VII. D Gamma Rays from Capture Reactions
C. Rolfs and A, E, Either land
VILE Gamma Rays from Heavy-Ion Reactions
/. O, Newton
VII.F Detailed Spectroscopy from Fission
E. Cheifetz and J. B, Wilhelmy
VII.G Angular Correlation Methods
A, J, Ferguson
VII. H Lifetime Measurements
D. B, Fossan and E. K, Warburton
CONTENTS OF OTHER PARTS XVU
Vni Other Topics
VIII.A Photonuclear Reactions
B. L, Berman
VIII.B Nuclear Spectroscopy from Delayed Particle Emission
/. C. Hardy
VIII.C In-Beam Atomic Spectroscopy
Indrek Martinson
VIII.D Effects of Extranuclear Fields on Nuclear Radiations
D. A. Shirley
VHI.E A Guide to Nuclear Compilations
Ajzenberg-Selove
PART D
IX Theoretical Analysis
IX.A Models of Light Nuclei
M. Harvey and F, C. Khanna
IX.B Models of Heavy Nuclei
/. O. Rasmussen
IX.C New Approaches in Resonance Reactions
D, Robson
IX.D Inelastic Scattering and Charge Exchange
Κ A, Madsen
IX. Ε One- and Two-Nucleon Transfer Reactions
Norman AT. Glendenning
IV.A RESONANCE REACTIONS
IV.A.l Cross-Section and Polarization Studies
of Light Nuclei
A, Z). Backer
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
INDIANA UNIVERSITY
BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA
I. Introduction 4
II. Experimental Techniques 5
A. Cross-Section Measurements 6
B. Polarization Measurements 11
III. Analysis and Interpretation of Results 15
A. General Formalism 15
B. Phase Shift Analysis 17
C. Extraction of Level Parameters 24
D. Theoretical Models 32
E. Extensions to Higher Energies 36
IV. Applications to Specific Systems 37
A. 0 + 0 37
B. J + 0 41
C. 1 + 0 45
D. i +i 48
E. More Complex Systems 50
V. Reaction Studies of the Compound Nucleus 51
A. 51
B. 54
VI. Summary 56
References 57