PowerWithin Education One Stop Solution for Psychology Aspirants NET NTA JRF SET PAPER 2 PSYCHOLOGY Authors PowerWithin Education 1 | Pa ge www .p o werw it h in ed u ca t io n .co m PowerWithin Education One Stop Solution for Psychology Aspirants PowerWithin Education All Rights Reservation No part of this publication/document may be re-produced, stored in a retrieval system or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, web or otherwise without the written permission of PowerWithin Education. This publication/document contains Notes prepared by PowerWithin Education that were compiled from the highly verified sources and reliable sources. Some of the articles that have been used in this document have been given reference. However, PowerWithin Education or its editors or authors or illustrators don’t take full responsibility for the absolute accuracy of any information published and the damage or loss suffered thereupon. This document is created with the best intentions for NET/JRF/SET Psychology aspirants to help them during their preparation for the Examination. All disputes are subject to Meerut (UP) jurisdiction only. Regd. Address Sector 1, Shastri Nagar, Meerut (UP) – 250004 Ph: 18008911809 | +91-8103666663 Email: [email protected] Price: Rs. 3,000/- For more information, visit www.powerwithineducation.com 2 | Pa ge www .p o werw it h in ed u ca t io n .co m PowerWithin Education One Stop Solution for Psychology Aspirants PREFACE The key reason to compile this book is to provide a detailed knowledge about the NET/JRF/SET examination to the aspiring candidates and also to help them understand the scope associated with the exam. This book will serve as a complete package to help Psychology aspirants to crack NET/JRF/SET exam conducted by the National Testing Agency in India. The book is a storehouse of extensive and detailed content covering the full latest syllabus of NET/JRF/SET prescribed by the NTA in 2019. Key Features of the Book As per the Latest syllabus of NET/JRF/SET exam changed in 2019. Comprehensive coverage of each topic. Free Online Mock Test accessible via www.powerwithineducation.com 5000+ MCQs support in the form of Mock Tests accessible via the website. Free complimentary Resources to boost your Strategy, and Preparation as per your learning style. PowerWithin Education extends their humble gratitude to the authors, illustrators and editors who made this compilation of notes possible. We wish all our dear Psychology aspirants All the very Best for their exam preparations. PowerWithin 3 | Pa ge www .p o werw it h in ed u ca t io n .co m PowerWithin Education One Stop Solution for Psychology Aspirants ABOUT US PowerWithin Education is a unit of PowerWithin (www.powerwithin.in). 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PW Services: Psychometric Assessments Training Programs Mental Health & Counseling Services 4 | Pa ge www .p o werw it h in ed u ca t io n .co m PowerWithin Education One Stop Solution for Psychology Aspirants CONTENTS NET/JRF/SET Preparation: An Insight into the Exam Unit 1 Emergence of Psychology 13- 93 Academic Psychology in India 13-23 Psychological Thought 24- 41 Eastern Psychology 41-81 Signs and Spirituality 81-93 Unit 2 Research Methodology and Statistics 96- 201 Research Methodology 96- 109 Paradigms of Research 119-131 Statistics 142-159 Experimental designs 173- 201 Unit 3 Psychological Testing 203- 285 Type of test 209-212 Test construction and Test Standardization 212- 248 Areas of Testing 248- 257 Attitude Scales 257-285 Unit 4 Biological Basis of Behavior 286- 375 Physiological Psychology 288 Sensory Systems 290-293 Neurons and Brain 295- 375 Unit 5 Attention, Perception, Learning, Memory and Forgetting 378- 422 Attention 378-381 Perception 381- 388 Illusion 388- 404 5 | Pa ge www .p o werw it h in ed u ca t io n .co m Learning process 404 - 414 Memory 414 - 422 Unit 6 Thinking, Intelligence, and Creativity 424 - 478 Language and Thought 432 Problem Solving and Decision Making 437 - 445 Intelligence 453- 466 Creativity 467- 478 Unit 7 Personality, Motivation, Emotion, Stress and Coping 479 - 564 Theories of Personality 484 - 518 Motivation and Emotion 520 - 551 Conflicts 552 - 559 Coping and Stress 560 - 565 Unit 8 Social Psychology 569 - 634 Unit 9 Human Development and Interventions 636 - 757 Developmental Psychology, Psychopathology, Psychotherapies, Councelling and Guidance Unit 10 Emerging Areas 760-917 Issues of Gender, Disability and Migration, Peace Psychology, Wellbeing, Health, Psychology and Digital World 6 | Pa ge www .p o werw it h in ed u ca t io n .co m PowerWithin Education One Stop Solution for Psychology Aspirants NET JRF Preparation: An Insight into the Examination By: Amit Panwar What is NET JRF Examination? Who conducts it? On behalf of University Grants Commission Till June 2018, the CBSE conducted the NET (UGC), the National Eligibility Test (NET) is in 84 subjects at 91 selected Cities of conducted for determining the eligibility of spread across the country. Since Dec 2018 Indian nationals for the Eligibility for onwards, the UGC- NET is being conducted Assistant Professor only or Junior Research by the NTA (National Testing Agency). Fellowship & Assistant Professor Both, in Indian Universities and Colleges. When and How is it conducted? The award of JRF and or Eligibility for Assistant Professor depends on the UGC-NET is conducted Online twice a year, aggregate performance of the candidate in usually in June and December. The exam is Paper-I (General Aptitude) and Paper-II for 3 hours in Online Mode for combined (Psychology) of UGC-NET. (Paper I and Paper II) without a break. Paper 1 Paper 2 50 100 Number of Questions 0 0 Negative Marking General Aptitude (10 units) Psychology (10 units) Syllabus Available Available Previous Year Questions https://ugcnet.nta.nic.in/ Official Website Syllabus of the Exam The NET-JRF exam has two Papers: Paper I and Paper II (the subject/specialization of your Master’s degree. Units Paper 1: General Aptitude Paper 2: Psychology Unit 1 Teaching Aptitude Emergence of Psychology Unit 2 Research Aptitude Research Methodology & Statistics Unit 3 Comprehension Psychological Testing Unit 4 Communication Biological Basis of Behavior Attention, Perception, Learning, Memory and Unit 5 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude Forgetting Unit 6 Logical Reasoning Thinking, Intelligence & Creativity Personality, Motivation, Emotion, Stress and Unit 7 Data Interpretation Coping 7 | Pa ge www .p o werw it h in ed u ca t io n .co m PowerWithin Education One Stop Solution for Psychology Aspirants Information & Communication Unit 8 Social Psychology Technology Unit 9 People, Development & Environment Human Development & Interventions Unit 10 Higher Education System Emerging Areas What does it mean to Qualify NET Exam? What does it mean to have JRF? The candidates qualifying only for Assistant Anyone who qualifies JRF, means they have also Professor (i.e. those who qualified NET qualified NET exam. JRF stands for Junior Exam only) are not to be considered for the Research Fellowship, which is a scholarship award of JRF. Candidates who qualify the amount given to those who qualify JRF exam as test for eligibility for Assistant Professor are well as enroll themselves in a Higher Education governed by the rules and regulations for Program (such as MPhil or PhD). recruitment of Assistant Professor of the For the process to cash into this amount, you concerned universities/colleges/state can contact your concerned Universities after governments, as the case may be. enrolling PhD or MPhil Program. (Kindly It means that if you have qualified NET then confirm with your concerned hospital or you are eligible for becoming the Assistant institute for JRF as some MPhil Programs Professor but this does not mean that they will might now support JRF scholarship or only become Assistant Professor. The procedure, has their own Scholarship amounts.) and other eligibility requirements posted by Other than Scholarship JRF also offer Universities would be different for different many benefits. Some of them includes: universities. Anywhere that you fulfill the basic requirements (majorly depends on the Direct Admission into MPhil and API or the Academic Performance Index) PhD Programs. posted by a Colleges/University then you are Stipend of Rs. 31,000/- + HRA for eligible to appear for the Interview Process. initial 2 years and Rs. 35,000/- + This is why NET is the National Eligibility for HRA for next 3 years the Assistant Professor or Lecturer in India. Candidates with JRF are preferred *As per the guidelines by UGC, in 2021 and forth, over NET candidates in Research Projects by government agencies NET Qualified + PhD degree is compulsory to like UGC, NCERT, DRDO, IITs, etc. become the Assistant Professor in India. and also by private universities. Difference between NET and JRF NET JRF Qualified for Assistant Qualified the Only Qualified for Assistant Professorship Professorship + JRF Scholarship Exams means Amount NET has no Scholarship amounts. Rs. 31,000/- + HRA per month (for If enrolled into PhD, then Government First two 2 years) Stipend Universities offer Rs. 8000/- to 10,000/- per month Scholarship under non-NET Rs. 35,000/- + HRA per month (for category (I.e. a Scholar who is not next 3 years) receiving any aid from anywhere else). 8 | Pa ge www .p o werw it h in ed u ca t io n .co m PowerWithin Education One Stop Solution for Psychology Aspirants Direct Admission into -Direct Admission into almost in almost every PhD and India every PhD Program MPhil Program in India -Eligibility for some research Eligibility for some Projects by NCERT, UGC, DRDO, Other Benefits research Projects by etc. NCERT, UGC, DRDO, etc. -Additional benefit of Rs. 2,000/- to Preferred in Research 3,000/- per month over non-NET Projects over only NET qualifiers in Research Projects. qualified candidates Scope and Opportunities in Psychology after Syllabus of NET exam is given by NTA. Most of NET-JRF? the SET exams follow the older syllabus of NET exam. The syllabus is similar or almost the Becoming an Assistant Professor using same for NET exam with some topics added or NET qualification. subtracted by the State or the Institute. Taking Direct Admission into PhD and MPhil Programs using NET or JRF qualification. NET Candidate can apply anywhere in India for Stipend during MPhil and PhD for JRF Assistant Professorship but a SET candidate qualified candidates. (NET has no stipend but can only apply for the colleges/universities other benefits or a non-NET fellowship for under that State jurisdiction. PhD and MPhil that can be availed via your As of now 15 states conduct their SET exams and concerned University/Institute. other States only follow the NET exam scores for Eligible for Research Projects by many their selection criteria. These states are: Government Agencies like UGC, NCERT, and DRDO, and private agencies using Andhra Pradesh State Eligibility Test (APSET) NET and JRF qualifications. Assam State Level Eligibility Test (Assam SLET) Chhattisgarh State Eligibility Test (CG SET) Gujarat State Eligibility Test (GSET) What is SET and CSIR-NET exam? How are Himachal Pradesh State Eligibility Test (HP SET) they different from NET-JRF Exam? Jammu & Kashmir State Eligibility Test (JK SET) SET EXAM vs NET-JRF Exam Kerala State Eligibility Test (Kerala SET) Karnataka State Eligibility Test (KSET) SET or the State Eligibility Exam, in a nutshell, is Madhya Pradesh State Eligibility Test (MP SET) the NET exam conducted by the State under their Maharashtra State Eligibility Test (MH SET) jurisdictions. The SET exam is also conducted for Tamil Nadu State Eligibility Test (TNSET) determining the eligibility of Indian nationals for Telangana State Eligibility Test (TSSET) the Eligibility for Assistant Professor only in Uttarakhand State Eligibility Test (USET) State Universities and Colleges in India. West Bengal State Eligibility Test (WB SET) Rajasthan State Eligibility Test (RSET) In simpler terms, many a times, institutes or States in India prefer to conduct their own exams and not rely on NET Exam scores for Assistant CSIR UGC NET-JRF Exam or CSIR NET or Professorship, these exams are called SET CSIR UGC NET exams. NET Exam is conducted only in English and Hindi languages whereas SET exams are It is similar to NTA UGC NET-JRF exam in conducted in English and other languages every aspect other than the fact that it is for recognized by Indian States/ Government. the Science and Technology field. NET Exam is conducted twice a year whereas “It takes determination to see a dream come SET exam is conducted only once a year. to pass. The question is not will you start, but will you finish.” – Joel Osteen 9 | Pa ge www .p o werw it h in ed u ca t io n .co m