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Notes on the Bats of the Réserve Intégrale d'Andohahela and Surrounding Areas of Southeastern Madagascar PDF

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Preview Notes on the Bats of the Réserve Intégrale d'Andohahela and Surrounding Areas of Southeastern Madagascar

Chapter 15 Notes on the Bats of the Reserve Naturelle Integrate d'Andohahela and Surrounding Areas of Southeastern Madagascar Steven M. Goodman1 Abstract Four bat species were collected in the Reserve Naturelle Integrale d'Andohahela: Rousettus madagascariensis, Miniopterus manavi, Mormopterusjugularis, and Myotis goudoti. With the exception ofMormopterus, all were obtained in the humid forest portions ofthe reserve (parcel 1); Mormopterus was netted in an area of spiny bush vegetation (parcel 2). The humid forest species are broadly distributed across the island and occur in both forested and disturbed areas. An analysis of the forest-dwelling bat faunas known from several eastern humid forest sites indicates that species richness is low and that there is little change in the community across this region, which covers about 12° of latitude. Resume Quatre especes de chauves-souris ont ete collectees dans la Reserve Naturelle Integrale d'Andohahela: Rousettusmadagascariensis, Miniopterusmanavi, Mormopterusjugularis, etMyotis goudoti. A l'exception du Mormopterus, on les a toutes prises dans les zones de forets humides de la reserve (Parcelle 1), et le Mormopterus a ete attrape par filet dans une zone de vegetation broussailleuse et epineuse (Parcelle 2). Les especes de foret humide sont largement eparpillees a travers l'tle aussi bien dans la region boisee et dans la region perturbe. Une analyse effectuee sur les chauves-souris demeurant dans la foret, connue dans plusieurs sites de foret humide a l'Est a indique que la richesse des especes sont faible et qu'il y a presque aucun changement au niveau de cette communaute a travers la region qui couvre presque 12° de latitude. Introduction eas of the island have been worked for bats, and data on the natural history and distribution of Peterson et al. (1995) recently published a most species remain rudimentary. Furthermore, a monograph on the Chiroptera of Madagascar that considerable amount ofnew information has been provides one ofthe most important summaries of collected since the monograph was completed. the island's bat fauna since it was treated by Dorst Species lists on the bat faunas that occur in the (1947a,b, 1948). Although the monograph is majority of Madagascar's reserves are not avail- based on original fieldwork and a review of pre- able (Nicoll & Langrand, 1989); such basic infor- vious collections in museums, remarkably few ar- mation on local species is important for manage- ment purposes. Recent bat surveys conducted 1 Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road within protected areas such as the Reserve Natu- at Lake Shore Drive. Chicago, IL 60605-2496, U.S.A. relle Integrale (RNI) d'Andringitra, RNI de Ma- GOODMAN: BATS 251 rojejy, Reserve Speciale (RS) d'Anjanaharibe- Measurements Sud, and the Pare National (PN) de Zombitse et & Vohibasia are starting to fill this void (Pont Measurements were made from animals in the Armstrong, 1990; Rasolozaka, 1994; Goodman, flesh and from prepared crania. The abbreviations 1996, 1998). Althoughbat netting was notamajor and definitions for measurements (all in mm, with activity during our inventory of the RNI the exception of WT) follow. d'Andohahela, data on the few bats that were cap- tured are presented here. Information is also pre- sented on the regional bat fauna, and distribution- BBC breadth of braincase: distance mea- al patterns of forest-dwelling species across the sured across the hamular processes of eastern humid forest are briefly summarized. the squamosal at the point where they border the mastoid bullae CM canine-molar length: measured from anterior alveolar border of canine to posterior alveolar border of last molar Materials and Methods EL ear length: measured from base of the ear(notch) to thedistalmostedgeofthe At each of the inventory sites along the eleva- pinna tional transect in the humid forest ofparcel 1 and FA forearm length: measured from outside the single site in the spiny bush of parcel 2 (see edge ofthe wrist to outside edge ofthe Cwhearpeteerre1c)t,ed10fomris5t--ndeatysp(e1r2iomdsloansgaXs2t.a6ndmarhdiigzhe)d HF heilnbdowfo(owtithlewngitnhg: fmoeldaesdu)red from the means of capturing birds (see Chapter 12; Good- back edge ofthe heel to the end ofthe man et al., 1997). In all cases nets were placed in longest toe (not including claw) the forest understory, with the lowest rung close IOB interorbital breadth: the minimum dis- to or touching the ground. A few bats were col- tance across the frontal bones between lected in the bird nets. Nets were also set up at the orbits. In Megachiroptera this was several sites with the specific intent of capturing taken in front of the postorbital pro- bats; these were generally placed across streams cesses; in Microchiroptera it was taken behind them or small rivers. Bat nets were attended from dusk ML to 2000 hr and checked several times during the mandible length: measured from mid- point of mandibular condyle to anteri- ndo(iegFgpiNMhoeetNs.tAiHttn)eeid,dmbaiCanlhteistchw(aeegUFroAie,eDlpaBdrnAedM)pua,trsheeUednuDiaemvsperoassfrpiteNtecaeimtmeudern'antAlsndtHteahinasBtatinooaarlr-y-e ONL tooomicfrapcmgitoophnfseitutthoompencoacniisanpastulatlo,lsfejnaudgsnettdnht:apabordsoyitvseetraintochreemobfseottrwaeemdeegnne rivo, Antananarivo. Specimens deposited imme- TL tail length: measured from base of tail diately after the survey in the latter institution (at right angles to the body) to end of have not yet been catalogued and are individually the distalmost vertebra referencedby the collector's field numbers (UAD- TOTL total length ofbody and tail: measured BA-SMG). Most ofthe bats were prepared as flu- from nose tip to end of the distalmost id-preserved specimens, and information is not tail vertebra available on internal reproductive organs or skull TR tragus length: measured from base of measurements. Information is also presented on a tragus to the distalmost tip small collection of bats made in the Tolagnaro WC width across canines: measured across area, including in and around the RNI the exteriormost alveolar base of the d'Andohahela, by G. Ken Creighton in 1989 and upper canines 1990. This collection is housed in the National WT weight: measured in grams (g) withPe- Museum of Natural History (USNM), Smithson- sola spring scales. Animals <10 g were ian Institution, Washington, D.C. The systematic weighed to the nearest 0.1 g; those be- arrangement used by Peterson et al. (1995) is fol- tween 11 and 100 g were weighed to lowed here. within 0.5 g 252 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY ZB zygomatic breadth: greatest distance 30 mm crown-rump length, and the third was a between the lateral surfaces of the zy- subadult (based on skull ossification), with a sin- mm gomatic arches. gleembryomeasuring 17 crown-rumpl—ength. Specimens Examined from the Reserve Par- cel 1, 8 km NW of Eminiminy, 440 m (FMNH UADBA-SMG 156495-156498, 156606-156611, Species Accounts 7405, 7407, 7410, 7415, 7416). Family Pteropodidae Family Hipposideridae Rousettus madagascariensis Grandidier, 1929 Hipposideros commersoni commersoni (E. Fifteen individual Rousettus madagascariensis were captured at 400 m in a net spanning the An- Geoffroy, 1813) dranohahela River. Most ofthese individuals were btvflaayylkileinenngyteauacbprteltlylhooeowwnrleitavhnmeedrorvhhnaiuliglmnheigy.dpbeeTfafhokoersreesstiodtfeaanwwtdhnaesalsoAscuntarohtreseoyyduewninednnreeeda 4ttwhha0eel0Tkhmhsiimussimtns-iapndtneehdtcesif.oef8rso1eIrts0ewtsahtsa.mpsoNorbtbotresiaoeeinnnnrsdveiocecvoftdildlotzuehnoacenltteerwwdseaosisdenourccrvtcaeihapn—estgiuliorinntnetisdogtrhhiiaetnnl tmaoiunntnauimnercohuaisn.roUcpklyanodutacrreoapssowfitthhisarevgairoinetcyono-f forest of Manafiafy, north of Tolagnaro (USNM 578738, 578855). nooks and crannies that would provide ideal roosting places forthis bat. Lowland areas outside the reserve are largely made up of open agricul- tural lands. This bat feedsextensively on the fruits Family Vespertilionidae of banana (Musa, family Musaceae) and litchi {Litchi chinensis, family Sapindaceae). Myotis goudotigoudoti (A. Smith, 1834) WNW In mid-November 1989 at a site 2 km of Tolagnaro, near the base of Pic St. Louis and Two Myotis goudoti were netted in the humid in a grove of litchi trees with ripening fruit, Ken forest of parcel 1. One was captured at dusk in a Creighton and S.M.G. netted well over 30 Rou- mist-net placed over a small tributary of the An- settus madagascariensis during one night with dranohahela River at 810 m in an area surrounded two standard 12 m mist-nets. The specimens are by transitional lowland/montane forest. The sec- housed in the USNM. These fruit bats would ond individual was netted at dusk in a net placed grasp a ripe fruit in their mouths and fly off to on a ridge crest in primary montane forest at 1200 consume it. Rousettus madagascariensis has also m. The latter record is apparently rather high for been netted in parcel 3 of the RNI d'Andohahela this species, which has generally been collected m (M. Pidgeon, pers. comm.), in the Nahampoana in lowland areas up to about 800 (Goodman, Forest (USNM 577059-577061, 577250-577255), 1996). Measurements ofthese two specimens are and in the dry littoral forest near Petriky (USNM presented in Table 15-1. 578724). It has also been reported from a site 30 Several other records of Myotis goudoti from km NE ofTolagnaro (Peterson et al., 1995). Mea- the region include the littoral forests ofManafiafy surements of R. madagascariensis from the RNI (USNM 578740, 578741) and Mandena (USNM d'Andohahela (Table 15-1) fall within the ranges 578739, 578854) and sites on lateritic soils such given by Bergmans (1994) and Peterson et al. as the Marovony Forest at 30 m (USNM 577069), (1995) for this sp—ecies. Manantantely Forest at 60 m (USNM 577066), Reproduction The individuals netted in the and the Nahampoana Forest between 100 and 450 RNI d'Andohahela represented a variety of age m (USNM 577067, 577068, 577259, 577260, classes, from young individuals with partially un- 577262-577264). It has also been collected in fused fingerjoints, to adult males and femalesthat transitional and dry forests associated with river- were not in reproductive condition, to males with ine habitat near the Itaranta River (USNM large scrotal testes and pregnant females. Three 577070, 577071) and along the Anosy River near females were pregnant with young; two of these Bevilany (USNM—577261). individuals were adults, with embryos measuring Reproduction One specimen wasamalewith GOODMAN: BATS 253 — abdominal testes; the other was a female with an cel 2 of the RNI d'Andohahela. On one side of open pubic symphysis and large mammae.— the river was heavily degraded gallery forest and Specimens Examined From the Reserve Par- on the other bank slightly degraded spiny bush. c1e5l6419,91)2;.5pakrmcelNW1, o1f3.E5miknmimiNnyW, 8of10Emmin(iFmMinNyH, Mthoermhoupmtiedruspojrutgiuolnaroifs hsaosutahlesaostbeerennMcaoldlaegcatesdcairn 1200 m (FMNH 156500). north of Manantenina (USNM 577161-577172, 577178-577188) and in drier areas near the Itar- anta Forest (USNM 577132-577134), near Ber- Miniopterus manavi Thomas, 1906 aketa (USNM 577361), and in the Ankapoky For- est (USNM 577313, 577314, 577321, 577322, ninetTtpweadroceatiln8d1i1v0oifdmutahlwesitRohfNinIthi1ds0'Asmnpiedncoiheaafshteewrleadr.uesOkonbeotaviewnraesda a5c7r7o3s3s6)t.heTihsilsandspaencdiegsenhearsallay rboroosatds idnisbturiilbduitnigosn (Peterson et al., —1995). small tributary of the Andranohahela River. The Reproduction The two individuals captured bare skin around the eye was dull yellow. The were females, one with large mammae and the second inmdividual was found by A. Raselimanana other with slightly enlarged mammae. — at 1500 in a night roost under a small rock Specimens Examined From the Reserve Par- overhang. These specimens are assigned to Mini- cel 2, 7.5 km ENE of Hazofotsy, 120 m (FMNH opterusmanavion the basisofdifferences in mea- 156612, 156613). surements ofMalagasy Miniopterus spp. outlined by Peterson et al. (1995) and Hill (1993). Miniop- terus manavi has also been collected in the Ma- rseorsvoehy(pFaorrceeslt1)neaatratbhoeutno3r5t0hemrn(lUimSitNMof57th8e74r4e,- Other Regional Records d57r8o7m4o5d)r.omItohtarsaalRsiovebre,en16rekpomrteNdEaloofngTtohleagMnaanr-o MicSreovcehriarlopottehrear bsaptesciheasveofbeMeengarcehpiorrotpetderoar caonld- (Peterson et alU.,S1N9M95) and near Tolagnaro (Hill, lected in the Tolagnaro area and around the vari- 1993). In the there are series of this spe- ous parcels of the RNI d'Andohahela. The holo- cNciaeNrsWtthaaktoefninaTctolluoadtgehneartrhosei,teNsbaeihtnawsmeopeuontahen1aa0s0tFeorarnnesdMta,d4a57g0aksmm- ctnuyarprreoenortfelgyPitorenercoo(pgAunnsidzererudsf,eusnw,parsi1n9cc0oe8l)pl.se,cTtahedissuibnsspptehececiieTesoslhangao-st (USNM 577102-577119, 577129-577131, been found nearTolagnaro (Peterson et al., 1995), 577297-577299, 577302W-5N77W307); the Manantan- Bemangidy (USNM 317901, 317902), and Man- t5tNe7wlW7ey2e9nF6o)r1;e0s0tth,ean8Id-ta14p2e5r0kamFmore(stU,SaNpMporfo5x7Ti7om0la9atg6en-la5yr7o27,110bk1em,- aaRlnistvoeenrikn(naNoicw(onUllSf&NrMoLma5n7Bg8er8ra3en2nd,t,y5179a88l89o3)n3g)a.ntdhCeoinlMotnahineedMsraaanrr-ee W57N71W2o8f);ofToalRnaadgnnoaparlioos,nog,anattdhe2n0Ietaamrrans(teaaUSRliNevvMeerl,5(72U701S2Nk0Mm- dalfoaiglanofanyro(dSutr.perLgeuiaconne)umafnohdraesstthbe(eGeGonroordtemtpaeonrt,de'dpAenrfdsr.roamohbsot.hm)ea.nTEaoi,-- 577R1e2p2r,od5u77c1t2i4o,n—577T1h2e5).male had slightly de- along the coast south ofRanopiso (Peterson et al., 1995). scended scrotal testes, and the female had large Among the Microchiroptera several other spe- mammae. — cies have been reported from the region. Myzo- c11e55l6S05p01,0e1mc1)i2;m.(e5pFnaksMrmcNEeHxlNaWm11,i56on15fe50d.E20m)fi.krnomimmiNtnhyWe, R8ofe1s0Eemmrivn(eiFmMiPnNayrH,- pSozofoSpdTEoaodliaaadungradnieta,ar,2ow-aa3(sGmoekopmbmftbeareitNrne&WodfWataothsfesAeenMrtnatadnhneaaimlffi,oictas1ffy9ya,9m5i)8(l;Uyk4SmMNkyNMm- 578742, 578743, 578856-578858); along the Family Molossidae Mandromodromotra River, 15 km NE of Tolag- naro (Peterson et al., 1995); near Bemangidy Mormopterusjugularis (Peters, 1865) (FMNH 85237, 92832, 92833); and in the Ana- lalava Forest (USNM 577065). The Bemangidy Two individuals of Mormopterus jugularis specimens were found "in curled-up central leaf were netted over a small river at the edge of par- of very large traveller's palm [Ravenala mada- GOODMAN: BATS 255 Table 15-2. A comparison of the forest-dwelling bat faunas of several sites in the eastern humid forests o1 Madagascar. Site, latitude, and elevational range sampled Andohahela* Andringitrat Anjanaharibe-Sudt MarojejyU 24°36'S 22°13'S 14°45'S 14°26'S Species 400-1875 m 720-1625 m 875-1950 m -500-700 m Rousettus madagascariensis On the basis of faunal inventories, the forest- gache. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Na- dwelling bat community ofthe eastern humid for- turelle, series 2, 19: 306-313. estofMadagascarshows low speciesrichness and chauv.e-1s9o4u7rbi.s EMsaslaigadc'huense.clMeefmdoeirdeetserdmeinaltTinosntidteust little species turnover across nearly the complete Scientifique de Madagascar, series A, 1: 81-88. blleengt1h5-o2)f.thTeheislmaanjdoraintdynoefarblayts12c°laosfsilfaiteidtuhdeere(Taa-s malga.ches1.948M.emoiBrieosgeodgeralp'hlinsetitutdesScieCnhtiifrioqputeerdees forest-dwelling species also occur outside of this Madagascar, series A, 1: 193-198. habitat, and they presumably forage in open areas. Flannery, T 1990. The mammals of New Guinea. Probably the most intensive survey of bats in Robert Brown and Associates, Carina, Australia. the humid forests of Madagascar was conducted Goodman, S. M. 1996. Results of a bat survey of the by Pont and Armstrong (1990) in the RNI de Ma- eda'sAtnedrrningsiltorpae,s MoafdagthaescaRre,seprpv.e 2N8a4t-u2r8e8ll.eInIntGeogroadl-e rojejy, where 23 bats of eight species were cap- man. S. M., ed., A floral and faunal inventory of the tured in 8,071 net meter hr. Ofthis capture effort, eastern slopes of the Reserve Naturelle Integrale 1,063 net meter hr (13% of the total) accrued in d'Andringitra, Madagascar: With reference to eleva- primary forest formations where not a single bat tional variation. Fieldiana: Zoology, n.s. 85: 1-319. was captured. Although this reserve had more in- . 1998. Notes on the bats of the Reserve Spe- tensive sampling effort and higher species rich- IcinalGeoodd'Amnajna,naSh.arMi.b,ee-dS.u,dA, Mflaodraalgaasncdarf,aunpap.l i2n2v3e-n2t2o6r.y ness compared to the other three sites presented of the Reserve Speciale d'Anjanaharibe-Sud. Mada- in Table 15-2, there are few differences among gascar: With reference to elevational variation. Field- these four reserves in the forest-dwelling portions iana: Zoology, n.s. 90: 1-246. of their bat faunas. -, M. Pidgeon, A. F. A. Hawkins, andT S. Schu- Peterson et al. (1995) recognized 29 different claern.bFeiregl.dia1n9a9:7.ZooTlhoegyb,irnd.ss.o8f7:sou1t-h1e3a2s.tern Madagas- bat species on the island. This figure includes spe- Gopfert, M. C, and L. T Wasserthal. 1995. Notes cies living in open areas, as human commensals, on echolocation calls, food and roosting behaviourof and in humid and dry forests. When compared to the Old World sucker-footed bat Myzopoda aurita other large Old World tropical islands of similar (Chiroptera, Myzopodidae). Zeitschrift fur Saugetier- surface area, such as Borneo and New Guinea kunde, 60: 1-8. (Payne et al., 1985; Flannery, 1990) the bat fauna Hilolp,teJr.uEs.(C1h9i9r3o.ptLeroan:g-Vfeisnpgeerrteidliboantisdaoef)tfhreogmenMuasdaMgiansi-- ofMadagascar is depauperate. In particular, there car. Mammalia, 57: 401-405. is no evidence of a distinct obligate forest-dwell- Nicoll, M. E., and O. Langrand. 1989. Madagascar: ing bat community on Madagascar. The use of Revuede laconservationetdesairesprotegees. World harp traps or very fine mesh mist-nets during in- Wide Fund for Nature, Gland, xvii + 374 pp. ventories might reveal a greater diversity of for- Payne, J., C. M. Francis, and K. Phillips. 1985. A est-dwelling bats than that demonstrated through field guide to the mammals of Borneo. The Sabah the use of standard mist-nets. Society, Sabah, Malaysia. Peterson, R. L., J. L. Eger, and L. Mitchell. 1995. Chiropteres, vol. 84. Faune de Madagascar. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 204 pp. Pont, S. M., and J. D. Armstrong. 1990. A study of Acknowledgments the bat faunaofthe Reserve Naturelle Integral de Ma- rojejy in north-east Madagascar. Report of the Aber- I aFmorgrcaotmefmuelnttostownoaannoenarylmieorusdrarfetvioefwetrhsis. paper dpdeaeerentn,meU5nn7tivpeoprf.siZtoyoleoxgpye,diUtniiovnertsoitMyadoafgaAsbceardree1n9,89.AbDeer-- Rasolozaka, I. N. 1994. Lcs micro-chiropteres, pp. 64-67. In Goodman, S. M., and O. Langrand, eds., Literature Cited Inventaire biologique Foret de Zombitse. Recherches pour le Developpement, Serie Sciences biologiques. AnAdnenraslesn,&KM.ag1a9z0i8n.eTowfeNnattyuranlewHisftoorrmys, 8otfhPsteerrieosp.us2.: tNioo.n SSpceiceinatli.fiqCueenterteTed'chInnifqorumea,tiAonntaentandaeriDvooc.umenta- 361-370. Schliemann, H.. and B. Maas. 1978. Myzopodaaurita. Bergmans, W. 1994. Taxonomy and biogeography of Mammalian Species. 116: 1-2. African fruit bats (Mammalia, Megachiroptera), 4: Voss, R. S., and L. H. Emmons. 1996. Mammalian di- The genus Rousettus Gray, 1821. Beaufortia, 44: 79- versity in Neotropical lowland rainforests: A prelim- 126. inary assessment. Bulletin of the American Museum Dorst, J. 1947a. Les chauves-souris de la faune Mal- ofNatural History, 230: 1-115. GOODMAN: BATS 257

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