NONLINEAR CHANNEL MODELS AND THEIR SIMULATIONS 1122664477__99778899881111224499444400__TTPP..iinndddd 11 22//66//2222 11::5577 PPMM B1948 Governing Asia TTTThhhhiiiissss ppppaaaaggggeeee iiiinnnntttteeeennnnttttiiiioooonnnnaaaallllllllyyyy lllleeeefffftttt bbbbllllaaaannnnkkkk BB11994488__11--AAookkii..iinndddd 66 99//2222//22001144 44::2244::5577 PPMM NONLINEAR CHANNEL MODELS AND THEIR SIMULATIONS Yecai Guo Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China Wuxi University, China 1122664477__99778899881111224499444400__TTPP..iinndddd 22 22//66//2222 11::5577 PPMM Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Guo, Yecai, author. Title: Nonlinear channel models and their simulations / Yecai Guo, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China, Wuxi University, China. Description: Singapore ; Hackensack, NJ : World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., [2022] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021061681 | ISBN 9789811249440 (hardcover) | ISBN 9789811249457 (ebook for institutions) | ISBN 9789811249464 (ebook for individuals) Subjects: LCSH: Signal processing--Digital techniques. | Radio frequency modulation-- Transmitters and transmission--Simulation methods. | Nonlinear systems. Classification: LCC TK5102.9 .G879 2022 | DDC 621.382/2--dc23/eng/20220222 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021061681 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Nonlinear Channel Models and Their Simulations Copyright © 2022 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. under exclusive license by Tsinghua University Press Limited. The print edition is not for sale within the Mainland of China. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. For any available supplementary material, please visit https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/12647#t=suppl Desk Editors: Balasubramanian Shanmugam/Steven Patt Typeset by Stallion Press Email: [email protected] Printed in Singapore BBaallaassuubbrraammaanniiaann -- 1122664477 -- NNoonnlliinneeaarr CChhaannnneell MMooddeellss..iinndddd 11 2233//33//22002222 22::5500::1122 ppmm June4,2022 14:2 NonlinearChannelModelsandTheirSimulations 9inx6in b4530-fm pagev Summary of Contents The key technology in the field of satellite communication is satellite channel modeling and equalization, and the research on this tech- nology is helpful in improving the feasibility and quality of satellite communication system services. In this book, the satellite communi- cation channel is taken as the research object, and the nonlinearity of the satellite communication channel is taken as the foothold, so research on the establishment of a nonlinear channel model and the design of equalization technology is carried out. This book is suitable for engineers, researchers, and post- graduates, who are engaged in information and communication engineering, control science and engineering, intelligent science and technology, and other disciplines! v B1948 Governing Asia TTTThhhhiiiissss ppppaaaaggggeeee iiiinnnntttteeeennnnttttiiiioooonnnnaaaallllllllyyyy lllleeeefffftttt bbbbllllaaaannnnkkkk BB11994488__11--AAookkii..iinndddd 66 99//2222//22001144 44::2244::5577 PPMM June4,2022 14:2 NonlinearChannelModelsandTheirSimulations 9inx6in b4530-fm pagevii Preface With the growth of information globalization, the development of Internet, data multimedia communication, and video and audio ser- vices, and the growing need for communication individualization, mobility, and full coverage, satellite communication is taking advan- tage of the advantages of long communication distance, which has nothing to do with the distance communication cost, large coverage area without being limited by the geographical conditions, and wide communication frequency band, as well as large transmission capac- ity that is suitable for the transmission of a variety of services to develop in the direction of its unique advantages. However, the fea- sibility and quality of services provided by satellite communication system are largely affected by the channel characteristics between mobile terminals and communication satellites. In order to study theseeffects, itisaneffective andfeasiblesolutiontoadoptachannel model that can reflect the real characteristics of a satellite channel. It is no exaggeration to say that only a channel model close to the actualcharacteristics ofasatellitechannelisnotestablisheduntilthe mechanism of fading, distortion of satellite signal in channel trans- mission is revealed and the scheme to eliminate fading, distortion of satellite signal is further studied. It is difficult to design a scheme that can effectively eliminate the fading, distortion of the satellite signals, or ill-considering the satellite communication environment. This book is a collection of the achievements of the author and his team in the research of nonlinear channel model establishment and equalization technology based on the nonlinearity of satellite communication channel for many years. It mainly deals with the vii June4,2022 14:2 NonlinearChannelModelsandTheirSimulations 9inx6in b4530-fm pageviii viii Nonlinear Channel Models and Their Simulations research contents of the satellite channel modeling and equalization theory, technology, and application based on the established satel- lite channel model. It has formed the theoretical and technologi- cal achievements system from satellite channel modeling to satellite channel equalization, which embodies the advanced, practical, and systematic content and is clear and readable. It helps readers under- stand and master this topic. The book consists of seven chapters. In Chapter 1, based on the analysis of the influencing factors of satel- lite communication quality, the research status of satellite channel modeling and equalization technology at home and abroad is sum- marized, and the research content from the perspective of system theory is put forward. Chapter 2 briefly analyzes the basic composi- tion,basicparameters,layeredpropagationcharacteristics ofsatellite channel, classical satellite channel model and second-order statisti- cal characteristic parameters, and satellite channel model simulation method,andsoon.InChapter3,thesatellitechannelstatesinatmo- sphericenvironmentsandgroundenvironmentsareanalyzed,andthe multi-stateMarkovchainmodelofsatellitechannelisestablishedand simulated. In Chapter 4, aiming at the nonlinearity caused by trav- eling ware tube (TWT) amplifier and group delay in satellite, the nonlinear channel modelboth underthe background of the Gaussian noise and alpha stable distributed noise and based on the combined effect of TWT amplifier and groupdelay is created and simulated. In Chapters 5 and6, usingthe established nonlinear channel modeland integrating various novel technologies into the equalization technol- ogy, thenonlinear channel equalization algorithms are proposed,and the performanceof theproposed algorithms is verified. In Chapter 7, taking satellite MIMO channel and molecular MIMO channel as the research object, the multi-state Markov chain model, machine learn- ing model, and simulation method of MIMO channel are analyzed. The achievements of this book have been supported by the National NaturalScienceFoundationofChina(61673222), theNatu- ral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2009410), the Major Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (13KJA510001), the Natural Science Foundation of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (08KJB510010), and the second phase “information and Communication Engineer- ing” of the construction of advantageous disciplines in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province. Some of these achievements have June4,2022 14:2 NonlinearChannelModelsandTheirSimulations 9inx6in b4530-fm pageix Preface ix been successively published in important academic conferences and journals at home and abroad. At the same time, this book has also absorbedtheachievements ofsomeexcellentworks,academicpapers, and many relevant authors. For the achievements cited in this book, somehaveindicated thesourceinthebook.Theachievements ofthis book reflect the latest trends and frontier trends in the research of key technologies of satellite communication. Theco-researchers withtheauthorofthisbookareZhangXiuzai, HanYingge,RaoWei,YangChao,LiaoJuan,DingRui,JiTongying, HuLingling,HuangWei,SunJing,DingXuejie,WangWei,XuWen- cai, Li Baoge, Zhao Weijuan, Bai He, Yuan Tao, Zhang Tao, Xu Ran, Yao Chaoran, and so on. The publication of this book has been strongly supported by the Tsinghua University Press. Here, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the researchers whoparticipated in the research of the achievements of this book, the authors of the cited achievements of this book, and Tsinghua University Press! Due to the limited level and experience of the author, the depth andbreadthoftheresearchinthisbookneedtobefurtherimproved. Inappropriate places are inevitable. Please criticize and correct! Guo Yecai August 2021