Non-traditional security in Asia : dilemmas in securitization

270 Pages·2016·3 MB·English

by  Acharya

NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY IN ASIA
Global Security in a Changing World

Series Editor: Dr Nana K. Poku, John Ferguson Professor,
Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford, UK

Globalisation is changing the world dramatically, and a very public debate is
taking place about the form, extent and significance of these changes. At the centre
of this debate lie conflicting claims about the forces and processes shaping
security. As a result, notions of inequality, poverty and the cultural realm of
identity politics have all surfaced along side terrorism, environmental changes and
bio-medical weapons as essential features of the contemporary global political
landscape. In this sense, the debate on globalisation calls for a fundamental shift
from a status quo political reality to one that dislodges states as the primary
referent, and instead sees states as a means and not the end to various security
issues, ranging from individual security to international terrorism. More
importantly, centred at the cognitive stage of thought, it is also a move towards
conceiving the concept of insecurity in terms of change.
The series attempts to address this imbalance by encouraging a robust and
multi-disciplinary assessment of the asymmetrical nature of globalisation.
Scholarship is sought from areas such as: global governance, poverty and
insecurity, development, civil society, religion, terrorism and globalisation.
Non-Traditional Security in Asia

Dilemmas in Securitization

Edited by

MELY CABALLERO-ANTHONY, RALF EMMERS and
AMITAV ACHARYA
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
First published 2006 by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright © 2006 Mely Caballero-Anthony, Ralf Emmers and Amitav Acharya
Mely Caballero-Anthony, Ralf Emmers and Amitav Acharya have asserted their right under
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form
or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Non-traditional security in Asia : dilemmas in
securitization. - (Global security in a changing world)
1.National security - Asia 2.Asia - Social conditions
3,Asia - Foreign relations 4.Asia - Politics and government
LAnthony, Mely Caballero- ILEmmers, Ralf, 1974-
III.Acharya, Amitav
327.5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Non-traditional security in Asia : dilemmas in securitization / edited by Mely
Caballero-Anthony, Ralf Emmers, and Amitav Acharya.
p. cm. — (Global security in a changing world)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7546-4701-3
1. Security, International—Asia. 2. National security—Asia. 3. Non-governmental
organizations—Asia. 4. Drug traffic—Asia. 5. Migrant labor—Asia. 6. Public
health-Asia. I. Anthony, Mely Caballero. II. Emmers, Ralf, 1974- III. Acharya,
Amitav. IV. Series.
JZ5588.N66 2006
355'.03305-dc22
2006003901
Transfered to Digital Printing in 2012
ISBN 9780754647010 (hbk)
Contents

List of Figures vii
List of Tables viii
Notes on Contributors ix
Preface xi

1 Understanding the Dynamics of Securitizing Non-Traditional Security 1
Mely Caballero-Anthony and Ralf Emmers

2 Securitization Matrix in South Asia: Bangladeshi Migrants as Enemy Alien 13
Priyankar Upadhyaya

3 Malaysia’s Approach to Indonesian Migrant Labor: Securitization, Politics,
or Catharsis? 40
Joseph Chinyong Liow

4 Securitizing Piracy in Southeast Asia: Malaysia, the International Maritime
Bureau and Singapore 66
JN Mak

5 Securitizing Small Arms and Drug Trafficking in Indonesia 93
Riefqi Muna

6 Disease and the Complex Processes of Securitization in the Asia-Pacific 112
Peter Chalk

7 Securitizing the AIDS Issue in Asia 136
Ilavenil Ramiah

8 Securitizing Health in Violence Affected Areas of Indonesia 168
Samsu Rizal Panggabean

9 Poverty and the Role of NGOs in Protecting Human Security in Indonesia 198
Bob Hadiwinata

10 China in the Mekong River Basin: The Regional Security Implications of
Resource Development on the Lancang Jiang 225
Evelyn Goh
vi Non-Traditional Security in Asia
11 Securitization in Asia: Functional and Normative Implications 247
Amitav Acharya

Index 251
List of Figures

5.1 Ilustration of global cases of drug problem 99

5.2 SALW trafficking routes in Southeast Asia 100

7.1 Movement of the HIV virus from high-risk groups to the general
population 142

7.2 Estimated and projected numbers of AIDS deaths in four
Southeast Asian countries 146
List of Tables

4.1 No. of piracy incidents by IMB categories 69

4.2 Crime index, Malaysia 1997-2002 71

4.3 Comparison of IMB and MECC data: Straits of Malacca, Malaysian
Water and South China Sea, 1993-2002 77

5.2 Seizures of drugs in Indonesia 1996-2003 107

6.1 Traditional security and securitization: comparative aspects 116

7.1 HIV/AIDS infections and deaths in 2003 136

7.2 Current impact of HIV/AIDS on countries of East, South and
South-East Asia 140

7.2 Estimated and projected numbers of AIDS deaths in four Southeast
Asian countries 146

7.3 The impact of HIV/AIDS: GNP simulations to 2025 for China and
India 148

7.4 Securitizing actors for HIV/AIDS 154

7.5 HIV/AIDS: Processes of securitization and mechanisms of persuasion
and negotiation 157

7.6 Elements of a securitization framework for HIV/AIDS 160

10.1 Existing and planned hydropower stations and dams on the Lancang
Jiang 228
Notes on Contributors

Amitav Acharya is Deputy Director and Head of Research at the Institute of
Defence and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

Mely Caballero-Anthony is Assistant Professor and IDSS-FORD Project
Coordinator of Non-Traditional Security at the Institute of Defence and Strategic
Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

Peter Chalk is a Policy Analyst with the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica,
California. He also serves as an Adjunct Professor at the Postgraduate Naval
School in Monterey, California and contractor for the Asia Pacific Center for
Security Studies (APCSS) in Honolulu and the United States Institute for Peace
(USIP) in Washington D.C.

Ralf Emmers is Assistant Professor and Deputy Head of Studies at the Institute of
Defence and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

Evelyn Goh is Lecturer in International Relations at St. Anne’s College, Oxford.
Her main research interests are U.S. foreign policy, U.S.-China relations, and the
security and international relations of the Asia-Pacific.

Bob Hadiwinata is Senior Lecturer at the Department of International Relations,
University of Parahyangan, Bandung, Indonesia, and Alexander von Humboldt
research fellow at Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.

Joseph Chinyong Liow is Assistant Professor at the Institute of Defence and
Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. His research
interests are in Malaysian politics and foreign policy, and Muslim politics in
Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia and Thailand.

JN Mak is a Visiting Fellow with the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
(ISEAS), National University of Singapore.

Riefqi Muna is member of the board directors of The RIDEP Institute, Jakarta.
He is currently a PhD Student at Defence College of Management and Technology
(DCMT), Cranfield University, United Kingdom.

Samsu Rizal Panggabean is Head of the Centre for Security and Peace Studies,
Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia.