Noble Metal-Based Nanocomposites : Preparation and Applications

457 Pages·2019·31.526 MB·English

by  Yang, Jun

NobleMetal-BasedNanocomposites

Noble Metal-Based Nanocomposites
PreparationandApplications
JunYang
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v
Contents
AbouttheAuthor xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
ListofAbbreviations xvii
1 AnIntroductiontoNobleMetal-BasedComposite
Nanomaterials 1
1.1 MaterialsatNanometerScales 1
1.2 EmergenceofCompositeNanomaterials 3
1.3 GeneralConceptsinWetChemistrySynthesisofComposite
Nanomaterials 6
1.4 CharacterizationsofCompositeNanomaterials 11
1.5 TheScopeofThisBook 14
1.6 TheRoadAhead 18
References 19
2 Ethanol-MediatedPhaseTransferofMetalIonsand
Nanoparticles 35
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 EarlyStudiesinPhaseTransferofNobleMetalNanoparticles 36
2.3 Brust–SchiffrinMethod 38
2.4 PhaseTransferThroughLigandExchange 41
2.5 PhaseTransferThroughElectrostaticInteraction 45
2.6 PhaseTransferofNanoparticlesfromOrganictoAqueousPhase 47
2.7 Ethanol-MediatedPhaseTransfer 48
2.7.1 Ethanol-MediatedPhaseTransferofMetalIons 48
2.7.2 Ethanol-MediatedPhaseTransferofMetalNanoparticles 53
2.8 RecentAdvancesinPhaseTransfer 57
2.9 Summary 60
References 60
3 NanocompositesConsistingofChalcogenideSemiconductors
andGold 69
3.1 Introduction 69
vi Contents
3.2 Phosphine-FreeSynthesisofMetalSelenideNanocrystals 70
3.3 DepositionofAuonChalcogenideSemiconductorNanocrystals 72
3.3.1 ContributionsfromtheBaninGroup 72
3.3.2 ContributionsfromtheOtherResearchGroups 81
3.3.3 NanocompositesConsistingofChalcogenideSemiconductorsand
GoldbySelf-assembly 88
3.3.4 CaseStudiesAssociatedwithNanocompositesConsistingof
ChalcogenideSemiconductorsandGold 91
3.3.4.1 PbTe–Au 91
3.3.4.2 Cu S–Au 93
2
3.3.4.3 Bi S –Au 94
2 3
3.3.4.4 SnS–Au 94
3.3.4.5 ZnSe–Au 96
3.3.4.6 Cu ZnSnS –Au(CZTS–Au) 97
2 4
3.3.4.7 MappingofPhotogeneratedElectronandHoleSeparationinSingle
Semiconductor–MetalNanocomposites 100
3.4 GrowthofChalcogenideSemiconductorsonGoldNanoparticles 102
3.5 SemiconductingMetalSulfide–GoldNanocompositesupon
Ethanol-MediatedPhaseTransfer 110
3.5.1 Ag S–Au 111
2
3.5.1.1 FormationofMonodisperseAg SNanocrystalsinTolueneatRoom
2
Temperature 111
3.5.1.2 StructuralEvolutionsofAg SNanocrystals 112
2
3.5.1.3 GrowthMechanismofAg SNanocrystals 113
2
3.5.1.4 InfluenceofTemperatureandAg/SMolarRatiosontheGrowthof
Ag SNanocrystals 115
2
3.5.1.5 SynthesisofDimericAg S–AuNanocomposites 116
2
3.5.2 HgS–Au 119
3.5.3 SemiconductingMetalSulfide–GoldNanocomposites 121
3.5.3.1 CdS–Au 122
3.5.3.2 MetalSulfide–Au 125
3.5.3.3 PbS–Ag/AuNanocomposites 127
3.6 Semiconductor–GoldNanocompositesbyaTwo-phaseStrategy 132
3.7 SpecialGold-RelatedNanocomposites 132
3.8 Semiconductor–GoldNanocompositesforEfficientThree-component
CouplingofAldehyde,Amine,andAlkyneinWater 135
3.9 Summary 137
References 138
4 NanocompositesConsistingofChalcogenideSemiconductors
andOtherNobleMetals 149
4.1 Introduction 149
4.2 Semiconductor–SilverNanocomposites 150
4.3 Semiconductor–PlatinumNanocomposites 158
4.4 NanocompositesConsistingofSemiconductorsandOther
NobleMetals 171
4.5 Semiconductor–DualMetalNanocomposites 176
Contents vii
4.6 Summary 186
References 186
5 NanocompositesConsistingofSilverSulfideandNoble
Metals 193
5.1 Introduction 193
5.2 AqueousSynthesisofAg SNanocrystals 194
2
5.3 BinaryAg S–NobleMetalNanocomposites 196
2
5.4 MultipleAg S–NobleMetalNanocomposites 200
2
5.5 ElectrocatalyticPropertyofPt-ContainingAg S–NobleMetal
2
NanocompositesforMethanolOxidationReactionandOxygen
ReductionReaction 203
5.6 ElectrocatalyticPropertyofPt-ContainingAg S–NobleMetal
2
NanocompositesforFormicAcidOxidationReaction 209
5.7 Summary 211
References 212
6 NanocompositesConsistingofChalcogenideSemiconductors
andNobleMetalsbyStructuralTransformations 217
6.1 Introduction 217
6.2 Inside-OutDiffusionofAginCore–ShellNanoparticleswithAg
ResidingintheCoreorInternalShellRegions 218
6.3 NanocompositesConsistingofAg SandHollowNobleMetal
2
Nanoparticles 222
6.4 NanocompositesConsistingofAg SandBimetallicAu–PtCage-Bell
2
Structures 226
6.5 TernaryNanocompositesConsistingofAg S,Au,andHollowPt
2
Nanoparticles 227
6.6 ElectrochemicalPropertiesoftheBinaryandTernaryNanocomposites
andTheirCore–ShellPrecursors 229
6.7 NanocompositesConsistingofAg SandPalladiumNanoparticlesand
2
TheirElectrochemicalProperties 232
6.8 NanocompositesConsistingofAg SeandHollowPlatinum
2
Nanoparticles 235
6.9 NanocompositesConsistingofCuSandPlatinumNanoparticles 238
6.10 StrategiesforFurtherEnhancingtheCatalyticPerformanceof
Pt-ContainingNobleMetal-BasedNanocompositesin
ElectrochemicalReactions 240
6.11 Summary 242
References 242
7 Core–Shell-StructuredCadmiumSelenide–Platinum
Nanocomposites 249
7.1 Introduction 249
7.2 ReversiblePhaseTransferofSemiconductorandNobleMetal
Nanoparticles 250
viii Contents
7.2.1 LigandExchange-BasedPhaseTransferofSemiconductorandNoble
MetalNanoparticlesfromOrganicMediumtoAqueousPhase 251
7.2.2 ElectrostaticInteraction-BasedReversiblePhaseTransferof
SemiconductorandNobleMetalNanoparticlesbetweenOrganic
MediumandAqueousPhase 257
7.3 CdSe–PtNanocompositeswithCore–ShellConstructions 258
7.3.1 CharacterizationsofCdSeNanocrystalsandCore–Shell-Structured
CdSe–PtNanocomposites 259
7.3.2 TheCompressiveStrainEffectofCdSeCoreonthePtShell 262
7.3.3 ElectrochemicalActivityofCore–Shell-StructuredCdSe–Pt
NanocompositesforOxygenReductionandMethanolOxidation
Reactions 264
7.4 FurtherEffortsinCore–Shell-StructuredSemiconductor–Noble
Nanocomposites 269
7.5 Summary 271
References 272
8 Pt-ContainingAg S–NobleMetalNanocompositesforDirect
2
MethanolFuelCellsOperatedatHighFuel
Concentrations 277
8.1 Introduction 277
8.2 TernaryAu@Ag S–PtNanocompositesasSelectiveElectrocatalystsat
2
DMFCAnode 278
8.3 Core–Shell–ShellAu@Ag S@PtNanocompositesasSelective
2
ElectrocatalystsatDMFCAnode 281
8.4 Cage-Bell-StructuredPt–RuNanoparticlesasSelective
ElectrocatalystsatDMFCCathode 283
8.5 Core–Shell-StructuredAu@PdNanoparticleswithThinPdShellsas
SelectiveElectrocatalystsatDMFCCathode 286
8.6 APrototypeoftheMembranelessDirectMethanolFuelCell 289
8.7 ASelectiveElectrocatalyst-BasedDirectMethanolFuelCell(DMFC)
OperatedatHighConcentrationofMethanol 289
8.8 Summary 295
References 295
9 NanocompositesConsistingofMetalOxidesandNoble
Metals 301
9.1 Introduction 301
9.2 Gold-BasedNanocompositesforCOOxidationatLow
Temperature 302
9.3 EarlyStudiesinMetalOxide–NobleMetalNanocomposites 304
9.4 Dumbbell-LikeMetalOxide–NobleMetalNanocomposites 311
9.5 High-OrderNanocomposites 327
9.6 RuO –AuNanocompositesasElectrodeMaterialsfor
2
Supercapacitors 335
9.6.1 RuO /CNanocomposites 336
2