Newtonian Physics PDF
Preview Newtonian Physics
Newtonian Physics Benjamin Crowell Book1intheLightandMatterseriesofintroductoryphysicstextbooks www.lightandmatter.com Copyrigtr. Newtonian Physics This On* TheLightandMatterseriesof introductoryphysicstextbooks: 1 NewtonianPhysics 2 ConservationLaws 3 VibrationsandWaves 4 BecthcityandMagnetism 5 Optics 6 TheModemRevokilioninPhysics Newtonian Physics Benjamin Crowell www.lightandmatter.com LightandMatter Fullcnon,C^itornia www.li^can<linattcr.com <<:')l^)<)8-2003byBenjaminCrowttt Ailrightsreserved. EditioaZ2 ISBNO-9704670-l-X Copyrightedmaterial ToPaulHcrrschaitandRichMullo. CopyrightedmatBhal Brief Contents 0 Introduction and Review 15 1 Scaling and Order-of-Magnitude Estimates 35 Motion in One Dimension 9 Vplnpitv rinH Rpl#itl\/p Mntion 54 3 Acceleration and Free Fall 75%^ gg S Analv^l^ of Fnrf^p^ 115 Motion in Three Dimensions o newiijii s» Ldws in inrtfe LJirnc5ns»icjiia 7 X/potof^ 1AQ 159 171 10 Gravity 185 Exercises 205 215 221 223 224 225 Contents PrpfarP 13 ANotetotheStudentTakingCalculus Concurrently 14 0 Introduction and Review IS 0.1 TheScientificMethod 15 0.2 WhatIsPhysics? 17 0.3 HowtoLearnPhysics 20 04 Self-Evaluation 22 0.5 BasicsoftheMetncSystem 22 0.6 TheNewton,theMetricUnitofForce..25 QQ-Jf.i 1SreisfisntCifoirmNmnotnatiMnentricPrefixes 2267 Motion in One 0.9 Conversions 28 0.10 SignificantFigures 30 Dimension 53 Summary 32 HnmfiwnrkProblems 33 2 Velocity and Relative Motion 54 2.1 TypesofMotion 54 2.2 DescribingDistanceandTime 57 2.3 GraphsofMotion;Velocity 60 2.4 ThePrincipleofInertia 64 P AdditionofVelocities 67 2.6 GraphsofVelocityVersusTime 69 2.7j ApplicationsofCalculus 69 Summary 71 1 Scaling and Order-of- HomeworkProblems 72 Magnitude Estimates35 3 Acceleration and Free U intrnrtiirtinn 35 EalJ 75 1.2 ScalingofAreaandVolume 37 3J TheMotionofFallingObjects 75 1.3 ScalingAppliedtoBiology 44 3^ Arrftlpratinn 7R 1.4 Order-of-MagnitudeEstimates 47 3^ PositiveandNegativeAcceleration 81 Summary 50 3A VaryingAcceleration 84 HomeworkProblems 50 3-5 TheAreaUndertheVelocity-TimeGraph87 3.6 AlgebraicResultsforConstant Acceleration 89 3.7* BiologicalEffectsofWeightlessness..91 3.81 ApplicationsofCalculus 93 Summary 94 HnmpwnrkPrnhlems 95 ^aterial 4 Force and Motion 99 t4.91 N1pU\lA/\ytCnn'«iFir*;tIaw 19092 A Npwton'^Rpronri1auu 106 44 WhatForceIsNot 108 4S InprtipilandNoninpiiialFramp^of 110 Summary 112 HnmpworkProhlpm*; 113 5 Analysis of Forces 115 .S1 Np\Artr»n'RThirrJ1aw 52 ClassificationanrlBfihaviorofForces120 5.3 AnalysisofForces 126 5.4 TransmissionofForcesbyLow-Mass Obiects 128 5.5 ObjectsUnderStrain ....130 5.6 SimpleMachines;ThePulley 131 Summary ....132 HomeworkProblems 133 71 VectorNotation 149 7.2 CalculationswithMagnitudeand Direction 152 7.3 TechniquesforAddingVectors 155 7.4* UnitVectorNotation 156 7.5* RotationalInvariance 156 Summary 157 HomeworkProblems 1.5R 8 Vectors and Motion 159 160 8.2 TheAccelerationVector 161 8.3 TheForceVector andSimpleMachines.. 164 8.41 CalculusWithVectors 165 Motion in Three SHuommemwaorrykProblems 11f6if7t Dimensions 139 6 Newton's Laws in Three Dimensions 139 6.1 ForcesHaveNoPerpendicularEffects139 6.2 CoordinatesandComponents 142 6.3 Newton'sLawsinThreenimensions 144 Summary 146 HomeworkProblems 142 material 9 Circular Motion 171 9.1 ConceptualFrameworkforCircularMotion 169 92 UniformCircularMotion 176 9J3 NonuniformCircularMotion 179 Summary 180 HomeworkProblems 181 10 Gravity 185 10.1 Kepler'sLaws 186 10.2 Newton'sLawofGravity 187 10.3 ApparentWeightlessness 192 10.4 VectorAddition ofGravitationalForces 193 10.5 WeighingtheEarth 195 10.6' EvidenceforRepulsiveGravity 198 Summary 199 HomeworkProblems 200 Exercises 205 Solutionsto SelectedProblems 215 Glossary 221 MathematicalReview 223 TrigTables 224 Index 225
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