New Trends in Optical Network Design and Modeling: IFIP TC6 Fourth Working Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling February 7–8, 2000, Athens, Greece

287 Pages·2001·13.31 MB·English

by  C. Blaizot, E. Dotaro, L. Noirie, A. Jourdan (auth.), Alexandros A. Stavdas (eds.)

NEW TRENDS IN OPTICAL NETWORK
DESIGN AND MODELING
IFIP - The International Federation for Information Processing
IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the First World
Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. An umbrella organization for societies
working in information processing, IFIP's aim is two-fold: to support information
processing within its member countries and to encourage technology transfer to developing
nations. As its mission statement clearly states,
IFIP's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which
encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of information
technology for the benefit of all people.
IFIP is a non-profitmaking organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates
through a number of technical committees, which organize events and publications. IFIP's
events range from an international congress to local seminars, but the most important are:
• The IFIP World Computer Congress, held every second year;
• open conferences;
• working conferences.
The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and
contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the
rejection rate is high.
As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may
be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed.
The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working
group and attendance is small and by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an
atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is less rigorous and
papers are subjected to extensive group discussion.
Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World
Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while
the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and
edited papers.
Any national society whose primary activity is in information may apply to become a full
member of IFIP, although full membership is restricted to one society per country. Full
members are entitled to vote at the annual General Assembly, National societies preferring
a less committed involvement may apply for associate or corresponding membership.
Associate members enjoy the same benefits as full members, but without voting rights.
Corresponding members are not represented in IFIP bodies. Affiliated membership is open
to non-national societies, and individual and honorary membership schemes are also offered.
NEW TRENDS IN
OPTICAL NETWORK
DESIGN AND
MODELING
IFIP TC6 Fourth Working Conference on
Optical Network Design and Modeling
February 7-8, 2000, Athens, Greece
Edited by
Alexandros A. Stavdas
National Technical University of Athens
Greece
~.
"SPRING ER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
IFIP TC6 Working Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (4th : 2000:
Athens, Greece)
New trends in optical network design and modeling: IFIP TC6 Fourth Working
conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling, February 7-8,2000, Athens,
Greece / edited by Alexandros A. Stavdas.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4757-5998-3 ISBN 978-0-387-35410-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-35410-1
1. Optical communications-Congresses. 2. Fiber optics- Congresses. 3. Computer
networks-Congresses. 4. Optoelectronics-Congresses. I. Stavdas, Alexandros A. II.
Title.
TK5103.59.I352001
621.382'7-dc21 2001022475
Copyright © 2001 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2001
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher,
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Printed on acid-free paper.
Contents
Foreword ...................................................................................................... vii
Acknowledgments ......................................................................................... ix
Multi-Granularity Optical Networks .............................................................. I
C. Blaizot, E. Dotaro, L. Noirie, A. Jourdan
Network Architectures in Synergy with Ultra-wideband
WDM Multiplexing Solutions towards a 1,000 Wavelength
Channel Network ......................................................................................... 21
Alexandros Stavdas and Yannis Angelopoulos
Efficient Planning Tool for WDM Transport Networks .............................. 39
C. Bungarzeanu, L. Besuchet, D. Rodellar
All-optical Signal Processing Devices for Photonic
Networks: Towards Packet Switching ......................................................... 49
Hans-Peter Nolting
Numerical Modeling of a High Repetition Rate Fiber Laser,
Mode - Locked by External Optical Modulation of a
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier ................................................................ 77
K. Zoiros, T Stathopoulos, K. nachos, A. Hatziejremidis,
T Houbavlis, T Papakyriakopoulos and H Avramopoulos
Reduction of Hop-Count in Packet-Switched Networks
using Wavelength Reconfiguration .............................................................. 95
S. N. Larsson, S. Hubendick
Resource Allocation for Optical Packet-switching
Routers with Self-similar Bursty Traffic ................................................... 115
J. J. He and D. Simeonidou
vi Contents
A Flexible WDM Ring Network Design and
Dimensioning Methodology ...................................................................... 123
A. Lardies, R. Jagannathan, A. Fumagalli, L Cerutti, M. Tacca
Dimensioning of Non-hierarchical Interconnected
WDM Ring Networks ................................................................................ 139
Peter Arijs, Piet Demeester, Philip Achten, Wim Van Parys
A Functional Model for the SONATA Switchless
Optical Network ......................................................................................... 151
S. De Maesschalck, P. Demeester
Using Normalised Sections for the Design of All Optical Networks ........ 163
C. Caspar, R. Freund, N. Hanik, L. Molle, C. Peucheret
A Simulation Model for an Optical IF Router ........................................... 173
F. Callegati, G. Corazza, N. Portinaro, C. Raffaelli
Distributed Router Architecture for Packet-Routed
Optical Networks ....................................................................................... 187
Michael DUser, Eugene Kozlovski, Robert L Killey, Polina Bayvel
Analysis and Dimensioning of a Single-Layer Optical Network
Based on a "Switchless" Concept in Relevant Scenarios ........................... 203
S. Binetti, A. Bosco, M. Listanti, A. Maga, R. Sabella
Optical CDMA Networks with Bipolar Codes .......................................... 221
A. Gameiro
Access Control in Shared Access Networks
Supporting Internet DiffServ ..................................................................... 235
J. D. Angelopoulos, N. Leligou, Th. Orphanoudakis,
G. Pikrammenos, J. Sifnaios And L S. Venieris
Network Controller Procedures in SONATA, A Large
Scale All-Optical WDM Network ............................................................. 247
A. Bianco, E. Leonardi, M Mellia, F. Neri
Hybrid Fiber Radio Systems: Features and Performance .......................... 265
Roberto Sabella
Foreword
This is a very exciting time for working in optical networks. The deployment
of WDM systems continues at an accelerated pace thanks to the low cost and
high reliability of optical components. This primarily refers to optical
amplifiers, fixed/tunable filters followed and recently true optical cross-
connects. The demand for capacity, driven by the Internet explosion, is
higher than ever with no signs of saturation. The emergence of data-centric
networking calls for networks with fewer and more robust layers, enhanced
control and an integrated management platform. Networks with fewer
optical elements are sought. We witness the co-existence of a multitude of
transport mechanisms (SDH, IP, ATM) together with a diversification in the
offered services with widely varying QoS requirements. At the same time,
components and subsystems for very high speed optical networks are
maturing opening up a new dimension and offering even more design
options.
After Vienna (1997), Rome (1998) and Paris (1999), the Fourth Working
Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling was held in Athens,
Greece February 7th_8th, 2000. The aim was to present the most recent
progress in terms of network architectures, design, operation and
maintenance, and planning. The book you have in your hands covers the
topics raised in this Working Conference. We sincerely hope the reader
would not only find this book informing but also stimulating in generating
new ideas.
Alexandros Stavdas
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
National Technical University of Athens
Acknowledgments
The Editor of this book is extremely grateful to the authors of the articles to
be found in the subsequent pages of this book and to Mrs. Admela Jukan for
her participation in the preparation of Conference. The Editor would also
like to acknowledge the significant contribution of Mr. Charalambos
Skoufis, PhD candidate in our University, in the preparation of this
Conference and for taking good care of the final version of the manuscripts.
Multi-Granularity Optical Networks
Multiplexing and Switching connections in new dimensions
C. Blaizot, E. Dotaro, L. Noirie, A. Jourdan
Alcatel, Corporate Research Center, Optical System Department,
Route de Nozay 91461 Marcoussis Cedex
Key words: WDM, Band, multiplexing, MG-OXC, granularity, OXC, grooming
Abstract: Considering the telecommunication traffic boom, one can wonder if routing nodes
will provide the corresponding switching capacity. Introducing Multi-Granularity Optical
Networks concept, this paper gives a cost-effective solution. First, a MG-OXC architecture is
proposed, then the "natural" distribution of the traffic among the granularities is presented.
Finally, a Multi-Granularity planning process is described. Based on the most advantageous
feature of optical technologies, the proposed approach solves the switching matrix size
limitation.
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, we are witnessing a new telecommunication traffic boom, for
which very high transmission and switching capacities are required. Tbitls
transmission capacity can be achieved thanks to optical fibres. The number
of transmitted wavelengths in one fibre which has recently been
demonstrated in research laboratories exceeds 100 wavelengths per fibre and
even more for terrestrial transmission (for example 150xlO Gbit/s over 400
km, see [1]) and even for submarine transmission (for example 100xlO.7
Gbit/s, see [2]). Some suppliers announce commercial systems with 80, 160
and even 256 wavelengths per fibre. In optical networks, the optical cross-
connects (axC) will have many fibres, each one carrying many
wavelengths. The switching of such a high capacity raises severe scalability
issues for axe design.
A. A. Stavdas (ed.), New Trends in Optical Network Design and Modeling
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2001
2 C. Blaizot, E. Dotaro, L. Noirie, A. Jourdan
In this paper, we first describe a Multi-Granularity Optical Cross-
Connect (MG-OXC) solution to switch all this high-capacity traffic. This
solution is based on wavelength, band and fibre switching and squeezes the
most out of optical technologies. Then we study what can be the distribution
of the traffic between wavelength switching, band switching and fibre
switching on the basis of a typical meshed network. Finally, a planning
methodology is described: it optimises the grooming to avoid too much
multihopping between the different granularities through the optical
backbone network, which decreases the required number of optical ports and
the OXC switching matrix size, and thus the cost of the OXC-based network.
2. MULTI-GRANULARITY OPTICAL CROSS-
CONNECT
2.1 Required capacity for wavelength-switching cross-
connect
For very high capacity backbone networks (may be up to Pbit/s for future
networks), with large number of fibres with over 100 wavelengths carried by
each fibres, the optical cross-connects (OXC) will have many input/output
fibre ports, each one carrying many wavelengths. An OXC may have for
example 100 input fibres with 160 wavelengths each, each wavelength
carrying 10 Gbit/s data. The total throughput to be switched by such a node
is 160 Tbit/s. The total number of input wavelengths is N=16000. If one
wants to switch all the wavelengths individually, the require space-switching
matrix is 16000x16000. A mono-block switch with this size is not
achievable because of the high number of cross-connection points: 256.106
(N2). A Clos architecture may be used, but this requires a first stage with 180
"90xI80" switches, a second stage with 180 "180xI80" switches and a third
stage with 180 "180x90" switches. The total number of cross-connection
points (4Nv'2N for Clos architecture) is still high: about 12.106• Space-switch
matrices with such high number of cross-connection points cannot be
envisaged because of the high number of required components and because
of the complexity of the electrical control of such a matrix.
2.2 Solutions to decrease the port number
To be able to switch all this traffic (160 Tbit/s), one should group this
traffic to higher granularity to decrease the number N of switched entities.