New Trends in Coal Science PDF
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New Trends in Coal Science NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affai rs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical Kluwer Academic Publishers and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London D Behavioural and Social Sciences E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences -Vol. 244 New Trends in Coal Science edited by Yuda Yurum Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht / Boston / London Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on New Trends in Coal Science Dat<;a, Turkey August 23 - September 4, 1987 library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data NATO Adv~ncea St~d~ Institute on New Trends In Coal SCience .1967 DaT~a. Tur~ey) New trenas In call SCUnC! proceedings of t~e NATO Advanced Study InstiTute on Ne" Trends In Coal SCience, D'T~a, Tur~e~, August 23-Septe .. ber 4. 1987 I &d1T.d Ov v~aa Vuru •. p. c •• -- INATO ASI series. SerieS C, Malheu ncal and physlc,1 sCiences; no. 244) Incluaes bibliographies Ind Index. 1. COl l--Congresses. I. Vuru~. vuoa. 1946- II. T'tle. III. Ser les. TP325.N34 1987 662.6·2--oc19 88-2,3r0e2 1 ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7869-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-3045-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-3045-2 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of DReidel, Martinus Nijhoff. Dr W. Junk. and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the USA and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers. 101 Philip Drive, Norwell. MA 02061. U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group. P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. All Rights Reserved © 1988 by Kluwer Academic Publishers. Softcover reprinl of Ihe hardcover 1 sl edilion 1988 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means. eelctronic or mechanical. including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system. wtihout written permission from the copyright owner. CONTENTS FOREWORD LIST OF CONTkIBUTORS PARTICIPANTS PART I. STRUCTURE OF COAL The Origin of Coals Peter H.Given (The Late) 1 The Nature and Origins of Coal Macerals Peter H.Given (The Late) and Gary Dyrkacz 53 Macromolecular Structure of Coals: Status and Opportunities John W.Larsen 73 Solvent Swelling of Coals Elaine M.Y.Quinga and John W.Larsen 85 Solid State l~C NMR in Coal Research: Selected Techniques and Application Francis P.Miknis 117 A New Approach for Quantitative l~C NMR Spectroscopy of Coal Leon M.Stock, John V.Muntean and Robert E.Botto 159 Structural Analysis of Coal Derivatives Keith D.Bartle 169 Estimating Thermophysical Properties of Coal Liquids Using NMR Spectra David T.Allen and Leonidas Petrakis 187 The Infrared Spectra of Coals, 1980-1986 Alec F.Gaines 197 Introduction to Coal Photochemistry J.R.Darwent and Alec F.Gaines 219 Coal Characterization by Means of Curie-Point Pyrolysis Techniques Peter J.J.Tromp, Jacob A.Moulijn and Jaap J.Boon 241 Chromatographic Techniques in Coal Science Keith D.Bartle 271 The Oxygen Functional Groups in Bituminous Coal Leon M.Stock 287 PART II. REACTIVITY OF COAL Slow and Rapid Pyrolysis of Coal Peter J.J.Tromp and Jacob A.Moulijn 305 Coal Liquefaction Kinetics Larry L.Anderson 339 Catalysis of Coal Liquefaction Larry L.Anderson 361 Solubilization of Coal Aral Olcay 383 Supercritical Gas Extraction of Coal Aral Olcay 401 Coal Desulphurization. The Protodesulphurization of Naphthalene Thiols and Sulphides Leon M.Stock and Ryszard Wolny 417 Kinetics of Coal Gasification Klaus J.Huttinger 433 Transport and Other Effects in Coal Gasification Klaus J.Huttinger 453 Fluidized Bed Combustion of Coal Nevin Seicuk 481 Prediction of the Behaviour of Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Coal Combustors Nevin Selcuk 495 Subject Index 523 FOREWORD This volume contains the lectures presented at the Advanced Study Institute on "New Trends in Coal Science" which was held at Datca, HUgla, Turkey during August 23 - September 4, 1987. The book includes 23 chapters which were originally written for the meeting by some of the world's foremost investigators. Chemists everywhere are carrying out exciting research that has important implications for the energy and fuels industries and for society in general. For the near future, coal resources will continue to be of great importance and science and technology of the highest order are needed to extend this fossil energy resource and to utilize it in an economical way that is also environmentally acceptable. These were the main purposes for the organization of this NATO ASI. The Institute constituted two working weeks on structure and reactivity of coal and so is the book. Through the presentation of many specific recent results on structure and characterization of coal and its products the potential of new instrumental techniques is presented in the first part of the book. Finally the reactivity of coals at different conditions both in laboratory and industry is discussed. We hope that the volume will be of great use to research workers from academic and industrial background. In addition it could serve as a textbook for a graduate course on coal science and technology. I would like to acknowledge the contribution of each of the authors in this book. Their research efforts have shed light on our understanding in coal science research. I look forward to their contributions for the advancement of this very challenging science. I received a letter from Professor Peter H.Given in Harch informing me that his manuscript on "The Origin of Coal" was almost ready and he would be going to send it in April. On April 11, 1988 I received a letter from his secretary telling Professor Given had died on April 2, 1988. This was really an unexpected event for me. I knew that he had some health problems but I had not known his situation was that critical. Although Professor Given was in my list of lecturers of the NATO ASI, due to his health problems he had not been able to attend the Institute and his lectures were taken over by Dr. Gary Dyrkacz. viii The loss of Professor Given will surely create a big emptiness in the field of coal science and I am confident that his contributions as corner stones in this field will guide the scientists for future prospects. Many people contributed the success of the Institute on which this volume is based. I acknowledge the members of the Organizing Committee: Prof.Alec F.Gaines of Birkbeck College, Prof. John W.Larsen of Lehigh University and Dr. Francis P.Miknis of Western Research Institute and I take this occasion to thank them for their efforts before and during the Institute. The Institute was generously sponsored by the Scientific Affairs Division of the NATO and their contribution is deeply acknowledged. In addition to the Scientific Affairs Division of the NATO, the Institute was supported by the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council (TUBITAK) and Faculty of Engineering of Hacettepe University. Finally, I acknowledge the efforts of the people who contributed to organizational aspects of the Institute, administrative matters and secretarial assistance. I include in this list Perla Yurum, and my graduate students Murat AZlk, Kerim Karabakan, Jale ozklsaclk and Suleyman Tuncel. I should also convey my appreciation to the publishers themselves for their customary efficiency in bringing out this volume. Ankara YUDA YURUM April,1988 Director NATO ASI on New Trends in Coal Science LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 1. Professor Peter H.Given t 5 High Street S. Woodchester, Strout Glos. GL5 5EL England 2. Dr. Gary Dyrkacz Argonne National Laboratory Chemistry Division 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, III inois 60439 U.S.A. 3. Professor John W.Larsen Lehigh University Department of Chemistry Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 U.S.A. 4. Dr. Francis P.Hiknis Western Research Institute P.O. Box 3395 University Station Laramie, Wyoming 82071 U.S.A. 5. Professor Leon H.Stock University of Chicago Department of Chemistry 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Ch i cago, Illi no i s 60637 U.S.A. 6. Dr. Keith D.Bartle University of Leeds Department of Chemistry Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom ix x 7. Dr. Leonidas Petrakis Chevron Research Company 576 Standard Avenue Richmond, California 94802 U.S.A. 8. Professor Alec F.Gaines University of London Birkbeck College Malet Sreet London WClE 7HX United Kingdom 9. Professor Jacob A.Moulijn University of Amsterdam Institute of Chemical Technology Nieuwe Achtergracht 166 1018 WV Amsterdam The Netherlands 10.Professor Larry L.Anderson University of Utah Department of Fuels Engineering Salt Lake City, Utah 84117 U.S.A. Il.Professor Klaus J.Huttinger Universitat Karlsruhe Kaiserstrasse 12 D-7500 Karlsruhe Federal Republic of Germany 12.Professor Aral Olcay University of Ankara Faculty of Science Department of Chemical Engineering Ankara Turkey 13.Professor Nevin Selcuk Middle East Technical University Department of Chemical Engineering Ankara, Turkey
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