New Technologies as a Factor of International Relations

486 Pages·2016·4.148 MB·English

by  Monika Szkarłat (editor), Katarzyna Mojska (editor)

New Technologies as a
Factor of International
Relations

New Technologies as a
Factor of International
Relations
Edited by
Monika Szkarłat and Katarzyna Mojska
New Technologies as a Factor of International Relations

Edited by Monika Szkarłat and Katarzyna Mojska

This book first published 2016

Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Copyright © 2016 by Monika Szkarłat, Katarzyna Mojska
and contributors

All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
the prior permission of the copyright owner.

ISBN (10): 1-4438-9111-8
ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-9111-0
CONTENTS

List of Figures........................................................................................... viii

List of Tables .............................................................................................. ix

List of Pictures and Maps ............................................................................ x

Introduction ................................................................................................ xi
Part I New Technologies, New Reality, New Paradigms
of International Relations?

Technological Turn and the New Framework of International Relations .... 2
Tomasz St(cid:266)pie(cid:276)

New Technologies as a Factor of the “Spatial Turn” in International
Relations .................................................................................................... 20
Katarzyna Mojska

Technology and a New International Distribution of Power ..................... 35
Lech Zacher

Anarchy Is What Technology Makes Of It: How to Assess the Role
of New Technologies in the Social Construction of War and Peace ......... 53
Ariel Kabiri

Part II New Technologies as a Factor of Diplomacy
New Technologies in Diplomacy .............................................................. 72
Beata Surmacz

Foreign Ministries in the Perspective of Information Revolution ............. 91
Justyna Arendarska

New Public Diplomacy as a Consequence of the Information Age ......... 106
Agata Zi(cid:266)tek
vi Contents
E-voting: Leading Us towards Democratic Global Governance? ............ 123
Ma(cid:225)gorzata Kwiatkowska
Part III New Technologies as a Factor of International Security
and Law

Scientific Uncertainty in the Political Process of the Problem
of Climate Change ................................................................................... 142
Marek Pietra(cid:286)

Academic Research in the U.S. Protection and Technology Transfer ..... 167
Robert I. Bolla

Political and Military Consequences of the Revolution in Military
Affairs ...................................................................................................... 212
Konrad Paw(cid:225)owski

Impenetrable Permeable Borders: New Technologies of Control
at the Border of the State ......................................................................... 226
Anna Moraczewska

Cyberspace: A New ‘Battlefield’, Weapon or Just a Tool? ..................... 257
Magdalena Michno

Developments in the Global Legal Acknowledgment of Cybercrimes
and Cyberterrorism: Uncertainties of a Modern Society ......................... 278
Tatiana De A. F. R. Cardoso and Rafaela Steffen Gonçalves Da Rosa
Part IV New Technologies and the Social Dimension of International
Relations

Technological Change and Human Rights: Threats, Challenges,
and Opportunities in the 21st Century ..................................................... 298
Julita Rybczy(cid:276)ska

The Consumers’ Right to Information: Genetically Modified Food
Case ......................................................................................................... 311
Monika Szkar(cid:225)at

On Anti-Acta: Soft (Media) Power and Pleasures of Symbolic Protest ..... 332
Jakub Nowak
New Technologies as a Factor of International Relations vii
Part V Energy Technologies and Infrastructure as a Factor
of International Relations

Revolution in Renewable Energy Technologies and International
Relations .................................................................................................. 352
Kamila Proni(cid:276)ska and Krzysztof Ksi(cid:266)(cid:298)opolski

The European Union as a Leader in New Technologies for Energy
Security and Climate Change .................................................................. 372
Beata Piskorska

Oil and Gas Pipeline Infrastructure and its Significance
for the International Relations in Eastern Europe .................................... 399
Justyna Misi(cid:261)giewicz

Prospects of Nuclear Energy in the Context of Poland's Energy
Security .................................................................................................... 427
Bartosz Bojarczyk and Jakub Olchowski

Notes on Editors and Contributors .......................................................... 456

Index ........................................................................................................ 461
LIST OF FIGURES

3. 1 Conceptual model of power in society – types and dimensions
3. 2 Technology and spheres of human activity in the context of ongoing
processes
10. 1 Numbers of institutions with research agreements with Research
Corporation for management of technology transfer before enactment
of the Bayh-Dole Act
10. 2 Success of the Bayh-Dole Act between 1991 and 2006 as determined
from investment in research and outcome in number of start-up
companies spun-out of academic institutions and licensing of
technology out of from academic institutions (Modified from Fraser, J.
2010)
10. 3 Average number of disclosures per academic institution in the U.S.
(19) showing a continual increase through 2009 the most recent year
for which data is available
10. 4 Number of patents issued to academic institutions from 1988 to
2008. Source of data is from the Association of University Technology
Managers annual reports
10. 5 Influence of patenting on the ability to do research in fields within
the sciences, social sciences and humanities. Results of survey of
members representing fields covered within the AAAS as to those who
felt that patenting of university research had a negative impact on their
ability to do research in their chosen field (modified from Hansen et al
2006)
10. 6 Growth in university life science R&D seen in comparing the growth
of patents since enactment of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 with the
number of articles published over the same period. (modified from
Hansen et al. 2006)
12. 1 Graphic biometric identification system
18. 1 Share of RES in World Primary Energy Supply in 2010
18. 2 World Renewable Energy Supply in 2010
18. 3 World renewable electricity generation [TWh] – IEA prognosis
21. 1 Support for construction of a nuclear power plant in Poland
21. 2 Support for localization of a nuclear power plant in the neighborhood
LIST OF TABLES
4. 1 Technological environment theory
12. 1 Effects of utilisation of new technologies in border control for the state
12. 2 U.S. federal spending on technologies at borders and related categories
in the fiscal years 2012 and 2013, and projected spending for 2014, in
millions of $
12. 3 Effects of utilisation of new technologies in border control for
international relations
12.4. Selected EU security research projects supporting EUROSUR
20. 1 Oil and gas potential of Turkey’s neighbours
21. 1 Primary energy consumption 2000-2010 (in mtoe)
21. 2 Energy consumption in comparison (in mtoe)
21. 3 Energy supply sources by type, Poland 2009-2010 (in mtoe)
21. 4 Coal production and consumption in Poland 2000-2010 (in mtoe)
21. 5 Electricity consumption and domestic supply in Poland
21. 6 Poland’s key oil statistics
21. 7 Statistics of natural gas sector in Poland