New Frontiers in High-Energy Physics PDF
Preview New Frontiers in High-Energy Physics
NEW FRONTIERS IN HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS Studies in the Natural Sciences A Series from the Center for Theoretical Studies University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 5 - FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES IN PHYSICS Edited by Stephan L. Mintz, Laurence Mittag, Susan M. Widmayer, Chui-Shuen Hui, and Joseph F. Malerba Volume 6 - PROGRESS IN THE NEUROSCIENCES AND RELATED FIELDS Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Stephan L. Mintz, Susan M. Widmayer, Chui-Shuen Hui, Joseph Hubbard, and Joseph F. Malerba Volume 7 - TOPICS IN ENERGY AND RESOURCES Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Stephan L. Mintz, Susan M. Widmayer, Chui-Shuen Hui, Joseph Hubbard, Joseph Malerba, and George Soukup Volume 8 - PROGRESS IN LASERS AND LASER FUSION Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Arnold Perlmutter, Susan M. Widmayer, Uri Bernstein, Joseph Hubbard, Christian Le Monnier de Gouville, Laurence Mittag, Donald Pettengill, George Soukup, and M. Y. Wang Volume 9 - THEORIES AND EXPERIMENTS IN HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Arnold Perlmutter, Susan M. Widmayer, Uri Bernstein, Joseph Hubbard, Christian Le Monnier de Gouville, Laurence Mittag, Donald Pettengill, George Soukup, and M. Y. Wang Volume 10 -NEW PATHWAYS IN HIGH·ENERGY PHYSICS I Magnetic Charge and Other Fundamental Approaches Edited by Arnold Perlmutter Volume 11 -NEW PATHWAYS IN HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS" New Particles-Theories and Experiments Edited by Arnold Perlmutter Volume 12 -DEEPER PATHWAYS IN HIGH-ENERGY t>HYSICS Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Arnold Perlmutter, Linda F. Scott, Mou-Shan Chen, Joseph Hubbard, Michel Mille, and Mario Rasetti Volume 13 - THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NONLINEARITY IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Arnold Perlmutter, Linda F. Scott, Mou-Shan Chen, Joseph Hubbard, Michel Mille, and Mario Rasetti Volume 14 - NEW FRONTIERS IN HIGH·ENERGY PHYSICS Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Arnold Perlmutter, Linda F. Scott, Osman Kadiroglu, Jerzy Nowakowski, and Frank Krausz A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. ORBIS SCIENTIAE NEW FRONTIERS IN HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS Chairman Behram Kursunoglu Editors Arnold Perlmutter Linda F. Scott Scientific Secretaries Osman Kadiroglu Jerzy Nowakowski Frank Krausz Center for Theoretical Studies University of Miami Coral Gables, Florida PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Orbis Scientiae, University of Miami, 1978. New frontiers in high-energy physics. (Studies in the natural sciences; v. 14) "Held by the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, January 16-19, 1978. Includes index. 1. Particles (Nuclear physics) - Congresses. I. Kursunoglu, Behram, 1922- II. Perlmutter, Arnold, 1928- III. Scott, Linda F. IV. Miami, University of, Coral Gables, Fla. Center for Theoretical Studies. V. Title. VI. Title: High-energy phys ics. VII. Series. QC793.07 1978 539.7'21 78-15767 ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-2867-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-2865-0 001: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2865-0 Proceedings of Orbis Scientiae 1978 on New Frontiers in High-Energy Physics held by the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, January 16-19,1978 ©1978 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1978 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE The editors are pleased to submit to the readers the state of the art in high energy physics as it appears at the beginning of 1978. Appreciation is extended to Mrs. Helga S. Billings for her assistance with the conference and for her skillful typing of the proceedings which was done with great enthusiasm and dedication. Also, appreciation is extended to Dr. Osman Kadiro~u for his assistance with the proceedings this year. Orbis Scientiae 1978 received some support from the Department of Energy. The Editors v CONTENTS New Approach to Cosmological Theory •.••.•......•...•.••••••..• 1 P.A.M. Dirac Spin Forces in Large-p2 p-p Elastic Scattering .•.•.•...••.•.•. 17 A.D. Krisch L Advances in the Study of Spin Effects in Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering at Small and Intermediate Momentum Transfers .•.• 57 Homer A. Neal What Can One Learn from Very Accurate Measurements of the Lepton Magnetic Moments? •.....•.•....•..•.•.••...•. 127 Toichiro Kinoshita Lepton Spin Motion in Weak Magnetic Mirror Traps •..•........•. 145 G.W. Ford Electron Magnetic Moment from Geonium Spectra .•.•.••.•••.•..•. 159 Robert S. Van Dyck, Jr., Paul B. Schwinberg, and Hans Dehmelt Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment - The Last Word .•••.•.••••.•... 183 Robert W. Williams Proposed Measurements of the Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Electron and Positron .•...•.•••....•....•.... 199 D. Newman, A. Rich, and E. Sweetman Introductory Remarks - Quark Flavors ..........•....•...•...... 221 Sydney Meshkov Neutrino-Induced Multimuon Events from the CDHS Experiment •.•....•...•....•....•.........•.......•.•....•.. 227 K. Kleinknecht New (Quark) Flavors .•.•.•••....••...•.•...••..•.•••...•...••.. 263 C. Quigg vii CONTENTS New Absolutely Stable Hadrons •••..•.•.•••.•••••.•.•••••••••.• 285 Robert N. Cahn Quantum Flavordynamics: A Status Report •••..•.••..•.•.•.•••.• 293 M.A.B. Beg Status of Muon-Number Conservation and Comments on Parity Violation in Atoms ••••••..•••.•••••••••.•..•.••• 313 William J. Marciano Weak Interaction Models with Spontaneously Broken Left-Right Symmetry....................................... 337 Rabindra H. Mohapatra The "New" U(l) Problem ••••.••••••.•••.•.•.•••...•••.•••••••.. 403 Helen R. Quinn Supersymmetric Theories of Particles •••••.••••.•••.•.•••.•••. 413 P. Fayet Spinning String Theory from a Modern Perspective •.•••.•.•.... 431 John H. Schwarz Covariant Quantization of Supergravity ••.•.•.••.•.••.•.•••.•. 447 P. van Nieuwenhuizen The Use and Misuse of the Parton Model ...•.•.•.•..•....•••••• 475 Howard Georgi Experimental Tests of QCD??? •.••.•.•...•••.•.•.•.•.......... 495 A.L. Sessoms Application of Quantum Chromodynamics to High Transverse Momentum Hadron Production •••••••..•...•.•.•.•. 517 Geoffrey C. Fox Gauge Fixing Degeneracies, Confinement and Other Problems for Non-Abelian Gauge Theories •••.•.•.•..•.•.•... 559 Heinz Pagels Gauge Specification in a Non-Abelian Gauge Theory ....•..•.... 589 R. Jackiw Quantized Electric Flux Tubes in QCD ....•.•••.•.••.•.•..•..•. 611 Itzhak Bars Remarks on the Topology of Gauge Fields ••.•.•..•.•.••.•.••..• 633 Y. Nambu CONTENTS ix Dynamical Effects of Instantons and Merons ................... 641 Roger Dashen Participants .•.....................•.....................•... 653 Program .•.•.•....•...•...•...•...•.•....•.•...•...•.•..•..•.. 657 Index •...•..•....•...•••.•.•.•.•.....•.•.•....•........•..•.. 661 NEW APPROACH TO COSMOLOGICAL THEORY P.A.M. Dirac Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida THE AGE OF THE UNIVERSE In the 1920 after Einstein s theory had become established, I S I people turned their attention to cosmological equations. One of the main problems then was to estimate the age of the universe. A serious difficulty soon appeared. There were two schools of thought, whose conclusions were contradictory. On the one hand there were the people who studied the life times of radioactive elements. They were led to infer an age of 10 about 10 years. On the other hand there were the people who studied the evolution of galaxies and stars clusters according to the law of gravitation of Newton or Einstein. They found that 10 10 years was not nearly long enough. They needed at least 10 8xlO years, possibly longer. For many years there was an impasse. Eventually, a hope of reconciliation was provided by E. A. Milne. He proposed that there are really two measures of time of importance to physicists and they are not in agreement. There is atomic time, which is to be used for atomic processes governed by quantum laws, and there is mechanical time, which is to be used with the classical laws for the motion of bodies.
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