New and revised eupitheciine species (Geometridae, Larentiinae) from Hong Kong and South East Asia

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TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
ua8va 7)ans lepid Sbc. Jopan 5e(3)2:23-234, June 1999

New and revised eupitheciine species (Geometrid aLear,entiina ef)rom Hong
Kong South East Asia
and
A. C.GALswoRTHy

British Embassy, 11 Guang Hua Lu, Beijing ,Peoples Republic of China
Abstract A number of eupitheciine taxa from Hong Kong and elsewhere in SE Asia are
examined and their taxonomic status is discusse d,A new genus ,Sigt11iicl yiss teriesc,ted, and a
new species describe din it . Members of the errabuncla group are define dan,d a new species
described. (lymnosceds suhpumilata Inoue is assigned to 52)irads iangdn aa ,new species in the
same genus is describe d.The status of Axinopter asubcostads is examined anda new species is
describe d.A new species of Empitheeia is described.
Key words Lepidoptera ,Geometridae ,Eupitheciin iS,igilZibl ysgteins. nov., Sigti?tel yksetni-s
thick isp. nov., Sigualyst tisnsigil? b(tWaalke rS)i,giOibCJ resncdtseta (Prou tS)i,giZlie( yisutniisjZ?re
(Holloway )B,osara juna esp. noy., Bosara euabunda (Prou tB)c,rsar aathitonnads (Prout),
Bosara exortiva (Prou tB)o,sara subrobtLsta (Inou e5)P,iradsi gglnoaria esp. nov., SPiradsigna
subj]umtidta (Inoue )E,upithecia sekkongensis sp. nov.
Introduction
The eupitheciines are an extremely divers egroup in East and South East Asia, and knowledge
of them is patchy . The genus Eupithecia from Japan and Taiwan has been thoreughly
studied (Inou e1,979 ,1980 and 1988) . Vojnits has produced numerous papers and described
large EupitheciafromChina Northern CentralAsia.
a very number of new species of and and
The smaller eupitheciines in the genus C7ilorocly sstenissu lat ofrom Japan haye also been
well studied (Inou eet al., 1982) .More recently, Holloway (199 7t)reated the Bomean
species and partial lryevised the generi cleve ltaxonomy ofthe tribe . In particular h,e defined
the genus enloroc4va gvtertys much more narrewly, and revived a number of older genera and
added some new ones to take care of groups which were excluded by his new definition.
However very 1ittl weork has been done on genera other than Eupitheci awithin the tribe from
elsewhere on the mainland of Asia and particular Clhyina. It is therefbre not surprising that
work on a checklist ofHong Kong moths has produced a number of new taxa, and a number
ofothers in need of revision. The purpose ofthis paper is both to describ ethe new taxa and
te give them a place in the revised scheme devised by Holloway. This has necessitated the
erection of one new genus ,and the definiti oonf a distin cgtroup (th eerrabundo group)
within another, Bayara. Collection sreferred to in this paper :BMNH-Natural History
Museum, London;･ ZCAS-Zoological Laboratory ,Chine sAceademy of Sqiences ,Beijing;
EBHKU-Department Ecology& BiodiversTihtey,University Hong Kong, Hong
of ef
Kong.
The insigitlatWaalker
grouP
enloroclys titnssigitZ awatsa describe dby Walker in ]862 from Australi aw,here it is wide-
spread: it also occurs on Norfblk Island .Subsequent ltwyo furthe rclosely related species
were describe de,ncteta Prout ,1934 from Vanuatu, Samoa, Fij iand the Cook lslands ,and
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Figs l-7 . New Eupithecii nfirom Hong Kong. 1-2 .Sigturely skteinsdeick isp. nov. (1 :cl, 2:
\), 3 .Basara jana esp. nov., dn, 4. SPimdsign agloria esp. nov., di. 5-6.
Axinoptera antieostads sp. nov. (5 :din ,6: ?), 7, Eupitheeia sekkongensts sp. nov,, cJ-,
lanij?i tHozlxloway, 1979 from New Caledonia A funher undescribed species in the same
group flie sin Heng Kong, and will be described below. This group ofclesely related insects
has a number of common feature sthat do not appear to fi tany of Holloway's generic
concepts. I therefor peropose a separate genus to contain them, as fo11ows:
Sliigillicl ygsetni. snoy.
Type C7iloroclysitnissigilijWZaTltkaer,1862.
species.
Gender. Feminine.

Members in fine, fasciae
ofthe genus are white or grey ground colour with closely spaced with
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a sharp angle close to the costa. The main distinguishi nfgeatur ein the male is a semicircular
patch of scent scales in the centre of the forewing costa, in some species extending furthe rinto
the centre ofthe wing. Antennae in the males are finel yciliate, simple in the females .The
male genital iaare yery distincti avned very similar in al1 fbur species: the valve is pinched in
the centre, with a clear separation between sacculus and cucullus. The saccus is robust and
oblong, with two stout curved spines on each ofits ventral angles. The tegumen is expanded
and hooded, leavin gonly a small part of the uncus free .The eighth sternite is poorly
sclerotised, but bears a complex series of membranous lobes ernamented with long hair-scales.
The female genitali aare slightly more diverse ,but all have a characteristic oilLcentre attach-
ment of the ductus bursae to the bursa ,in the more extreme cases (insigi 2anlda tlaanij?ira)
giving the appearance of a yo-yo . The aMnities ef the genus are not entirely clear, but the
male genital isahare some feature osfthose of (lymnasceds, in particular the central tongitudi-
nal bar of thickening on the saccus noted by Holloway (1997).
The genus consists of insigiZl a(tWaalker e)nc,teta (Prou ta)nd, funijZi r(aHollowa cyom)bs,
noy. and
S7gilliclystkiesndn'cki
sp. nov.
Male (Fi g1.) . Forewing 9 mm; very simiiar to insigiUt i(tWaalker b)u,t duller w,ith fasciae
less clearly marked; ground colour grey-brown ;base of forewing and costa with a light
suffusion of red scales; fbrewing and hindwing lightl ydusted with brown scales fbrming
narrow and ill-defin efdasci ahei;ndwing with a slightly bette drefine dpale double post-
fawn.
medial; costal scent scales
Female (Fig.2 ).Forewing 10rnm; broadly similar, lacking the costal scent scales; red
scates on base and costa of forewin mgore prominent ;pale postmedials fairl wyell define don
forewing hindwing.
as well as
Male genitali a(Fi g8.) . Very similar to insigilZ t(iFtia g9.) ,but uncus fine ra,nd tegumen less
distinct lsyeparate from inflate dvinculum. Valves placed relatively more dorsall yon
vinculum.
Female genitali a(Fig 1.0) . Bursa copulatrix much les sstrongly ornamented with spines, and
les srobust than in insigtV7Z x(tFaig 1.1).
Holotype. tin,Lam TsuenValley,Heng Kong, 9,xi.1996,leg.G.T.Reels,BM Geometrid

slide no, 19632 ,BMNH. Paratypes .2 din ,Shek Kong,New Territori eHso,ng Kong, 12 ,i.
I997 and 27, ix .1997 ,leg .R.C. Kendrick, EBHKU; l \, Shek Kong, New Tenitories,
Hong Kong, 5. iv .I997, BM Geometrid slide no, 19633 ,BMNH, 1 \, same locatio n2,7. ix.
1997 ,3 SP ,Tai Po Kau, New Territori eHso,ng Kong, 11 .vii. 1997, 15. ix .I997 and 9. x. 1997,
leg .R. C. Kendrick, EBHKU; 1 \, Lamma Island ,Hong Kong, 7. x. 1997, leg .G. T. Reels,
BMNH,
Range. Hong Kong, doubtles salso extending onto the Chinese mainland.
Etymology. The species is named in recognition of the work done en Hong Kong moths
by Roger Kendrick.

The enubunda group
Preut (1958 )describe dthree new taxa in enloroc(r seausabundo (Taiwan )a,thitonnads (S,
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eeva
li'l
Figs8-9. Male genitatia of Sigtaiely ststpsp. 8. Skench"icki sp. nov. 9. Sinsigillata
(Walker).

Figs 10-11, Female gen{talia of SigiUicly sstpip,s 10. S kendeick isp. nov. 11, SL insigillata
(Walker),

India) and exortiva (Ross eI.l ,New Guinea) ,as subspecies of injusata Walker, Holloway
(199 7t)ransferre dinjusat ato Axinoptera ,and elevated Prout's three subspecies to the level
of species, notjng that the genitali aindicate dthat they did not belong to injusat a,and
possibly not in Axinoptera . C euabundo has now a]so been fbund in Hong Kong and in
Hainan Island,South China.

In order to try te defin ethi sgroup, I have examined related material in the BMNH. This
has revealed a furthe rundescribed species in the sarne group from Sulawesi ,and also that the
taxon subrobzasta Inoue is closely related. This was originally describe din Emptrhecia
(Inou e1,988), and subsequently transferre dto ChloroeCyn sbtyi sHeppner and Inoue (1992).
As Holloway noted, the genitali aof this group have litt lien common with the type species
of Axinoptera ,lacking the divided valve and having larg eoctavals in the form of two stout
from the
spines prejecting eighth sternite.
The group appear to be close to the concept of the genus Basara, as revised by Holloway.
Though lackin gthe sexual dimorphisrn ,they share the genera lcoloration, and the doubly
angled postmedial. The male genital iahave strong octavals, but the valyes are entire,
without the saccular extension noted by Holloway in most other species ofthis genus . The
hood of the tegumen is present ,most clearly in athitornazas, but it is reduced, and the uncus
correspondingly longer ,The femal egenital ioafthe genus as define dby Holloway are fairly
diyers eb,ut those of euabundo, the only species of this group examined, are consistent with
Holloway's definitio nh,aving a lightl sypined bursa , I therefbre tentatively place the group
in Basara, though neting tha tfurthe rstudy ef the Asian species may show that a separate
genus is required.
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The external pattern ,describe dby Prout ,is very similar in all the species, which are probably
externally indistinguishab lexece,pt for subrobusta. Diagnosis is otherwise mainly by the
male genitalia . The group consists of the fbllowing:
Basaiv renubunda (Prou t19,58), comb. nov.
Chlorocips tiinsjLtsat aerrabundo Prout, l958 ,Buza Bn Mus nat Htst. (Ent. 6): 407.
Diagnosis. Male genitali (aFig 1.2) . Valves tapering gradually; uncus relatively long and
thin, like a curved needle; saccus curved; octavals moderately stout, with bases relatively
close together ,curved outwards close to the bases.
Materia lexamined. 1 di, 4. vi. 1997, leg ,G,T. Reels,2 \, vi. I993 and undated,leg. A.C.
Galsworthy ,all Hong Kong, BMNH; 1 4, 25. vii, 1997, Hong Kong, leg .R. C. Kendrick,
EBHKU; 1 cJi, 6. v. 1984 ,Hainan Island ,ZCAS; Prout' stype series in BMNH, including
BM Geometrid slides nos l9370 (cl )a,nd 19371 (4),
Range. Taiwan,Hong Keng, Hainan Island.

Basara athitornalis (Prou tl,958), eomb. nov.
enloroc4y sitntjlsusat aathitornalts Prout, 1958 ,Buza Bn Mus nat Hist. (Ent. 6): 407.
Diagnosis .A darker ,more contrasty species, but essentially with identic aplatterns . Male
genital i(aFi g1.3) with Ionger valves, tapering slightly on the ventral edge fror nabout one
half ihood of tegumen more extensive, with uncus shorter and blunter; octavals massive with
thick bases ,spreading at an angle of about 30 degrees,
Materia lexamined. Prout' stype series in BMNH, includin gBM Geometrid slide no. I8990
(di).Range.
SriLanka, SouthernIndia.

Basara exortiva (Prou t19,58), comb. nov.
Chloroclys tiinsjrusa teaxortiva Prout, 1958, Buza Bn Mus, naa Htst, (Ent. 6): 407,
Diagnosis .Male genital i(aFi g1,4). Very similar to euabundo, but saccus wider and
squttrer. Uncus is similar in shape to that of euabuncla, but longer ,with the tegumen hood
tapering rnore gradually . Octaval smoderately stout, both curving in the same direction,
parall etlo one another.
Material examined. Prout's type series in BMNH, includin gBM Geometrid slide no, 19484
([7i1); Dampier I,,Meek's ii-iii.I914;1 Mailu,BritishNew Guinea,
cfi, expedition, cii,
vii. 1895 ,both Rorhschil dbequest BM 1939-1 ,BMNH.
Range, New Guinea, Rossel I.,Rook I.

Bosarajanae
sp. nov.
Male <Fi g3,), Forewing 9 mm; external patter nidentic atlo euabunda, but ground colour
greyis hrather than yellow brown,
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Figs 12-15. Male genital iaand the 8th sternite and tergit eof Basara spp. 12. B. errabunda
(Prou t)1.3. B. athitornads (Prou t)1,4, B, exortiva (Prout ).15. B, juna esp. nov.
Female,Unknown.
Male genital ia(Fi g1,5) . Sacculu swith a pronounced flange ,distin ctfrom any other
member of the group. The tegumen and uncus are similar to errabuncia, but with the uncus
slightly les sfin e,Octaval sasymmetrical, one placed more distal lryelatiye to the other,
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divergingdistally.

Holotype, G.Tompoe, Paloe, W. Celebes2,7ooft,i.1937 (J,P.A. Kalis),Rothschild
c{i,
bequest BM 1939-1, BM Geomeuid slide no,19486. Paratypes .1 cl, same data as
holotype ;1 cl, TIjamba ,near Maros, 1,5o oft ,ii .1938 ,J.P.A Kalis ,S.W. Celebes ,BM
1938-310,BMNH.

Range. Sulawesi.

Etymolegy. The species is narned after my wife, Jan, in gratitude for her patience with the
moths,
Basara subrobusta (Inou e1,988) ,comb. noy.
Eupitheci asubrobtLsta Inoue 1988, Buza FZic dbmest Sbi .Otsuma PVbm Uhiv .24: 365-367,
Chloroclys tsiusbrobusta Inoue :Heppner & Inoue ,1992 ,Lepid 71iiwan 1 (2) 1:29.
Diagnosis .Easily distinguish efdrom other members ofthe group by postmedia lconsisting
of two narrowly separated white lines instead of a dark Jine bordered distall ywith white.
Male genitali a(il]ust rian tIenodue op. cit.): very similar to other members ofthe group, but
valves longer and somewhat narrower, uncus shorter and blunter ,and octavals long and
slender, converging strongly and separating again towards the tips.
Range. Taiwan,HongKong.

Glpmnascelt ssulipumilata Inoue and its allies
(lymnoseei issuZLpumdota was deseribe dby Inoue (197 2f)rom the mainland ofJapan and the
Ryukyus, and has subsequently been discovere din Hong Kong, together with a closely related
undescribed species. Both species correspond closely with the definiti oonf 52)iradsigna
Holloway both in detail sof facie sand male genitali aThe genera lstructure of the male
genital iias almost identic awlith that of the type species, minutistsima Swinhoe, includi ntghe
characteristic shape ofthe scent pencil son the saccus. The aedeagus is similarly massive. In
the female the ductus bursae is short and broad, unlike in minutisyima: the spined sclerotised
plate of the bursa copulatrix is present in suZ4iumilata, though with litt lsepiralling, but
somewhat reduced in the new specjes, I therefbre propose the transfe rof suLlpumdota Ineue
to SZ)itzid scoimbg.n anoy., and describ ethe new species as:
SZ,iralt sgilgonn'aa esp. noy.
Male (Fig.4 )F.orewing 9mm; fbrewing and hindwing patter nvirtually identic alto
sutlpumilata, but markings brown on a ground colour of buffLyello rwather than grey on a
more creamy background.
Female. Simila rte the male,
Male genital i(aFi g16.). Very similar to suLlp7umrzdta, but valves broader with ventral edge
more sinuous, narrowing more abruptly towards the tip, Uncus shorter, more overlapped by
expanded tegumen,
Female genitalia (Fi g1.7) . Ductus bursae broad and short, as in subj)umilata. Bursa long
and strongly ribbed, but ]ackin tghe prominent later allobes ef sutlpumikita.
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maxX

,,if,lk
iiilisu･
' i･lliilM･i
･i,ifli･I･iTiiliii,i,,,,ifi,,lililiiilr,lgi'li' '

,iiiliil//#ff
Figs 16-17 . Male and female genitalia of SPimdsigna gloria esp, nov. (16 :di, I7: \).
Holotype. di, Victori aPeak, Hong Kong, v. 1993 ,leg ,A.C.Galsworthy, BMNH, BM
Geometrid slide no, 19634 . Paratypes .1c{i 11 4, v-vi. 1993 ,BMNH; 1cii 14, vi. & v,
1993 respectively, ZCAS; 16n 1\, v, & vi. 1993 ,coll. A.C.Galsworthy; al1 leg .A.C.
Galsworthy,VictoriaPeak,Hong Kong,

Range. Hong Kong.

Etymology. The species is named in honeur of Gloria Barretto i,n recognition of the work
done by her on wildlife i'n Hong Kong.
The stat"s of diloivclys tsuibcsastalis
The taxon subcostads was describe dby Hampson in 1893 from Sri Lanka. Though subse-
quently placed in C7ilorocly ist twatss ,describe din Axinoptera ,and is the type species ofthat
genus ,revived by Holloway (1997 ).The name subcastaiis was subsequent]y applied by
Inoue et al (198 2t)o insect sfrom the mainland ofJapan and the Ryukyus. Examination
of the series of subcastads in the BMNH has shown that subccrstads proper is confined to Sri
Lanka, and those specimens in the series fror nthe Khasis and elsewhere in Northern India
belong to a related, but distinc tspecies. The latt eirs identic atlo specimens from Hong
Kong and Yunnan province, China. Specimens from the mainland of Japan and the
Ryukyus in Professo rlnoue' scollection, now in the BMNH, are all females ,but again have
genital iiadentic atlo those from Hong Kong and Northem India . The male appears to be
unknown from the mainland of Japan or the Ryukyus (Yazak ipa,r: sctomm.). I conclude
that there is a single species distribut efdrom N. India to South China, the Ryukyus, and the
mainland of Japan, and name it as:
Axinoptera anticastalis sp. noy.
Male (Fi g5). , Forewing7mm; very similar to A. orphnobathra Prout ,but lacking dark
basal suffusion on forewing ;ground colour grey; postmedia la single black line ,sharply
angled at vein M2; costa bowed basall yre,ddish, with raised scales running the fu1 1length,
bordered by a subcostal groove lined with pale yellow scales, itse lbfordered by a furthe rrow
ofblack raised scales, the whole giving the impressio nof a reddish stripe paralle tlo the costa;
hindwing with prominent postmedial and white marginal dot.
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Newand RevisedEupitheciini from Hong Kong and SE Asia 231
ent
sutvafeteedisu4va
svang:1/!
n-/I-kL't;.::.,,euakll:

Figs18-19, MalegenitaliaofAxinoptera spp. 18. A. anticastadssp,nov. 19 .A,subcastads
Hampson.
Figs20-21. Female genitalia ofAxinoptera spp. 20, A. anticostads sp. nov. 21. A. subccrs-
tads Hampson.
Fig. 22. Male gemtali aand the 8th sternite and tergit eof Eupitheei asekkongensis sp. nov,
Female (Fi g6.). Forewing 7 mm; identic atlo subeagtads.
Male genitali (aFi g1,8) . Simila irn structure to subcasldiis (Fi g1,9) ,but dorsa larm ofvalve
narrower and more tapering ;ventral arm ofvalve tapers much more strongly to longer, more
ventrally curved terminal spike.
Female genitali (aFig 2.0) . Similar to subcostads (Fig 2.1) in the later aslpines on the ventral
margin of the ostium bursae and the spiral twist of the ductus, but lackin gthe two prominent
lobes on the upper part of the bursa seen in subcastads.
Holotype. dZ, Ding Fu Shan, Guangdong Province ,S. China, ]eg .Mr. Kent Li ex larva
fbund on GlochiZi leorinocarlmm (Euphorbiac eemaerege)d, 27. iv .1993 ,BMNH, BM
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Geometrid slide no. 19635 . Paratypes .1 ", Ng Tung Chai, New Territori eHso,ng Kong,
26. iv. 1981, Oxfbrd Universit yexpedition, BMNH, BM Geometrid slide no, 17987; 1 4,
Tengchong, Yunnan Province ,S. China, 1,93 0m., 28-30, v. 1992 ,leg .Xue Dayong, ZCAS.
Other 1 Khasis,iii.1897,BM Geometrid I9487,2 9,
material examined. cl, slide no.
Khasis, 1894,1\,Khasis,ix.1895,BM Geometrid 3542,al1
undated apd viii. slide no
Rothschild bequestBM 1939-1,19,Bhutan,ix.1894,BM95-37, BM Geemetrid
slide no
3538, 1 4, Kyushu, Hikosan (Buzen J)a,pan, 29. viii. 1956, leg. H. Kuroko, all BMNH; 9 \
in Inoue collection, new in BMNH, as fbllows :Lushan Spa, Nantou hsien ,Taiwan, 1,200 m.,
30. vii, 1984, leg .Y, Yazaki; Kanetsuri ,Toyama Prefbcture ,21. vi'i .1973, leg .H. Yamanaka;
Murotomisaki, Kochi Prefbctur e3,0, viii. 1975 ,leg .T. Masui; Miyanoura, Yakushima, 22. v,
l964,legM,, Kurata;Miyagawamura, Taki-gun,Mie Prefbcture2,4.ix.1971,leg.T.Kurata;

Mt Yui-dake, Amami-Oshima 1. ,ex H, Sakabe, 13-15. viii. 1977, coll. R. Sato; 3 exs, Kyushu,
Hikosan (Buze n1)7, 17, and 28. vii. 1956, leg .H, Kuroko,
Range. Hong Kong, S. China, Taiwan, Ryukyus, the mainland ofJapan, North-eas tIndia,
Bhutan.
Remarks, This is likel yto be the same species whose iarv awas describe dfrom Dehra Dun,
North India,by Singh(1953), Gtochidion,
also reared on
The EmpitheciainHong Kong
genus
The genus Eupitheci ais highly speciose in the Palaearct iacrea, and in montane regions of
Southern China, but generally much les sdivers ein the lowland tropics. All species
occurring in Borneo, for instance ,are montane (Hollowa y19,97) . So far only the fbllowing
fbur species have been fbund in Hong Kong: costaiZy Walker, rigido Swinhoe, toshbnai
Inoue, and two males of a distin cstpecies which appears to be undescribed, I now name it
as:
Eupitheci asekkongensis sp. noy.
Male (Fig.7 )F.orewing 9mm; frons and vertex blackis hbrown; thorax and abdomen
white; forewing ground colour clear white with weakly define dfasciati odnelica tleight
brewn. Costa with a dark brown streak basad, and two small dark brown semicircular
patches at one halfand two thirds; basal area suffused with dark scales, les sso towards the
hind margin; antemedial and disca iarea strikingly white, with a prorninen tblack discal
streak and one or twe irregul adrark bands towards the hind margin; outer part of wing pale
brown, slightly reddish in the median area, darkening considerably submarginally; an
ill-defin epdale wavy submarginal; marginal lin edark brown. Hindwing white, with a
clearly defined dark discal streak, some irregul abrrown fasciatio nnear the hind margin, and
very weak postmedian and submarginal bands of brown blotches.
Female. Unknown.

Male genitalia (Fi g2.2). Valves very deep and rounded; vinculum shaped like an hour-
glass ;eighth sternite narrow and elongated, wjth two very distin cltobes basally,
Holotype. Shek Kong, New TenitoriesH,ong Kong, l2.i.I997,leg.R. C, Kendrick,
{S-,
BMNH, BM Geometrid slide no, 19636 . Paratype, 1 c7T, same location ,1, ii .1998, leg .R.
C. Kendrick ,BMNH, BM Geometrid slide no. 19637,
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