Neurocomputing: Foundations of Research

760 Pages·1988·51.781 MB·English

by  James A. Anderson and Edward Rosenfeld

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THOMAS J. BATA LIBRARY
TRENT UNIVERSITY

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Neurocomputing

Neurocomputing
Foundations of Research
Edited by James A. Anderson and Edward Rosenfeld
The MIT Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
<1
Second printing, 1988
© 1988 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical
means (including photocopying, recording, or information
storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from
the publisher.
This book was prepared for production by combining
existing camera copy with newly typeset text set in Times
New Roman by Asco Trade Typesetting Ltd., Hong Kong,
and printed and bound by Halliday Lithograph in the
United States of America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Neurocomputing: foundations of research.
Includes index.
1. Neural circuitry. 2. Computers—Circuits.
3. Higher nervous activity. I. Anderson, James A.
II. Rosenfeld, Edward.
QP363.3.N46 1988 612'.81 87-3022
ISBN 0-262-01097-6
Contents
General Introduction
James A. Anderson xiii
1
Introduction 1
(1890) William James, Psychology (Briefer Course), New York:
Holt, Chapter XVI, “Association,” pp. 253-279 4
2
Introduction 15
(1943) Warren S. McCulloch and Walter Pitts, “A logical calculus
of the ideas immanent in nervous activity,” Bulletin of
Mathematical Biophysics 5:115-133 18
3
Introduction 29
(1947) Walter Pitts and Warren S. McCulloch, “How we know
universals: the perception of auditory and visual forms,” Bulletin
of Mathematical Biophysics 9:127-147 32
4
Introduction 43
(1949) Donald O. Hebb, The Organization of Behavior, New York:
Wiley, Introduction and Chapter 4, “The first stage of perception:
growth of the assembly,” pp. xi-xix, 60-78 45
5
Introduction 57
(1950) K. S. Lashley, “In search of the engram,” Society of
Experimental Biology Symposium, No. 4: Psychological Mechanisms
in Animal Behavior, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
pp. 454-455, 468-473, 477-480 59
VI
Contents
6
Introduction 65
(1956) N. Rochester, J. H. Holland, L. H. Haibt, and W. L. Duda,
“Tests on a cell assembly theory of the action of the brain, using a
large digital computer,” IRE Transactions on Information Theory
IT-2:80-93 68
7
Introduction 81
(1958) John von Neumann, The Computer and the Brain, New
Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 66-82 83
8
Introduction 89
(1958) F. Rosenblatt, “The perceptron: a probabilistic model for
information storage and organization in the brain,” Psychological
Review 65:386-408 92
9
Introduction 115
(1958) O. G. Selfridge, “Pandemonium: a paradigm for learning,”
Mechanisation of Thought Processes: Proceedings of a Symposium
Held at the National Physical Laboratory, November 1958,
London: HMSO, pp. 513-526 117
10
Introduction 123
(1960) Bernard Widrow and Marcian E. Hoff, “Adaptive switching
circuits,” I960 IRE WESCON Convention Record, New York: IRE,
pp. 96-104 126
11
Introduction 135
(1962) H. D. Block, “The Perceptron: a model for brain
functioning. I,” Reviews of Modern Physics 34:123-135 138