Neurobiologic Foundations of Appetite and Eating - Barton J. Blinder

28 Pages·2013·0.96 MB·English

The Eating Disorders
Medical and Psychological
Bases of
Diagnosis and Treatment
Edited by
Barton J. Blinder, M.D., Ph.D.
Department ofP.sychiatry and Human Behavior
College ofMedicine, University of California, Irvine
Director, Eating Disorders Program and Research Studies
Barry F. Chaitin, M.D.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine
Clinical Director, University Service, Capistrano-by-the-Sea Hospital
Renee S. Goldstein, Ph.D.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine
PMA PUBLISHING CORP.
New York
Copyright © 1988 by PMA Publishing Corp.
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be
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. ,
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
The Eating disorders.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Eating disorders. I. Blinder, Barton J..
II. Chaitin, Barry F. III. Goldstein, Renee. [DNLM:
1. Appetite Disorders — diagnosis. 2. Appetite
Disorders — therapy. WM 175 E1475]
RC552.E18E285 1988 616.85'2 88-15251
ISBN 0-89335-300-0
Printed in the United States of America
Dedication
The editors dedicate this volume to Hilde Bruch, M.D., and Albert Stunkard, MD.,
whose scientific contributions and educational endeavors have enriched the field.
.
Contributors
ELLIOTT M. BLASS, PH.D. KATHERINE DIXON, M.D.
Department of Psychology, The Johns Hopkins Psychiatric Centers at San Diego
University San Diego, California
Baltimore, Maryland
ADAM DREWNOWSKI, PH.D.
BARTON J. BLINDER, M.D., PH.D Human Nutrition Program, School of Public
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Health, The University of Michigan
University of California Irvine Ann Arbor, Michigan
University Service, Capistrano by the Sea Hospital
Dana Point, California MICHAEL H. EBERT, M.D.
Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University
JOHN E. BLUNDELL, PH.D., F.B.PS.S. Nashville, Tennessee
Department of Psychology, The University of Leeds
United Kingdom DANIEL M.A. FREEMAN, M.D.
Private Practice
BARRY F. CHAITIN, M.D. Jenkintown, Pennsylvania
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,
University of California Irvine A. GERTLER, M.A.
University Service, Capistrano by the Sea Hospital Rishon Le-Zion Mental Health Community Clinic
Dana Point, California Israel
ROWAN T. CHLEBOWSKI, M.D., PH.D. JAMES GIBBS, M.D.
Department of Medicine, Division of Medical The Edward W. Bourne Behavioral Research
Oncology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, The New
UCLA School of Medicine York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center
Torrance, California White Plains, New York
JEAN DENSMORE-JOHN, M.D., R.D. I. LEE GISLASON, M.D.
Nutritionist in Private Practice Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,
Clinical Nutrition Consultants of Santa Barbara Child Study Center, University of California Irvine
Santa Barbara, California UCI Medical Center
Orange, California
vii
viii The Eating Disorders
STANLEY GOODMAN, M.D. DOUGLAS G. KAHN, M.D.
Private Practice Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,
Irvine, California University of California Irvine
College of Medicine
RICHARD A. GORDON, PH.D. Newport Beach, California
Department of Psychology, Bard College WALTER H. KAYE, M.D.
Annandale-on-Hudson, New York Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
HARVEY E. GWIRTSMAN, M.D.
Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California DEAN D. KRAHN, M.D.
Los Angeles Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Administration
Los Angeles, California Medical Center
Minneapolis, Minnesota
JENNIFER HAGMAN, M.D.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, SHELDON L KRAMER, PH.D.
University of California Irvine, UCI Medical Department of Psychology, Assistant Clinical
Center Training Director of Clinical Psychology, U.S.
Orange, California International University, San Diego
Medical Consultant and Trainer of Family Therapy,
ROBERT HAMPTON, III, M.D. Department of Psychiatry, U.S. Navy, San Diego
Private Practice San Diego, California
Balboa, California
JAMES R. KUECHLER, M.D.
PHYLLIS HENDERSON, M.D. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,
Department of Psychiatry University of California Irvine
Loma Linda University Medical Center Muirlands Medical Center
Loma Linda, California El Toro, California
MARION HETHERINGTON, V. PHIL. C. RAYMOND LAKE, M.D., PH.D.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology,
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Uniform Services, University of Health Sciences
Baltimore, Maryland Bethesda, Maryland
ANDREW J. HILL, PH.D. FELIX E.F. LAROCCA, M.D., F.A.P.A.
Department of Psychology, The University of Leeds BASH Treatment and Research Center, Deaconess
United Kingdom Hospital
St. Louis, Missouri
LEIGH-ANN HOHLSTEIN
Laboratory of Clinical Science, Section of Clinical PIERRE LEICIINER, M.D.
Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Director, Community Psychiatric Center, Douglas
Bethesda, Maryland Hospital
Verdun, Quebec, Canada
L.K. GEORGE HSU, M.D.
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, ALLAN S. LEVINE, PH.D.
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Neuroendocrine Research Laboratory, Veterans
University of Pittsburgh Administration Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Minneapolis, Minnesota
GLYNN ISAAC, PH.D. (DEC.) RONALD LIEBMAN, M.D.
Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum, Department of Psychiatry, Temple University
Harvard University School of Medicine
Cambridge, Massachusetts Philadelphia, Pennyslvania
Contributors ix
NADINE A. LEVINSON, D.D.S. TIMOTHY SCHALLERT, M.D.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Psychology Department, Institute for Neurological
University of California Irvine Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
Laguna Niguel, California Austin, Texas
DAVID L MARGULES, PH.D. JEANNE SEPT, PH.D.
Department of Psychology, Temple University Department of Anthropology, Indiana University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Bloomington, Indiana
ROLF MEERMAN, M.D., PH.D. JAMES C. SHEININ, M.D.
Lecturer of Psychiatry at the University of Munster, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
School of Medicine and Medical Director, Department of Medicine, Michael Reese
Psychosomatic Hospital Bad Pyrmont Hospital and Medical Center, University of
Bad Pyrmont, West Germany Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
JAMES E. MITCHELL, M.D.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota DAVID C. SIBLEY, M.D.
Minneapolis, Minnesota Private Practice
Brea, California
JOHN E. MORLEY, M.D.
Veterans Administration Medical Center LAWRENCE D. SPORTY, M.D.
Sepulveda, California Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,
University of California Irvine Medical Center
CHRISTIANE NAPIERSKI, M.D. Orange, California
Department of Psychiatry, University of Munster
Munster, West Germany MARC H. STOLAR, M.D.
Private Practice
RICHARD L PYLE, M.D. Tustin, California
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota CARL L THOMPSON, PH.D.
Department of Psychology, Wabash College
BARBARA J. ROLLS, PH.D. Crawfordsville, Indiana
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine WALTER VANDEREYCKEN, M.D.
Baltimore, Maryland University Psychiatric Center
Kortenberg, Belgium
PETER ROY-BYRNE, M.D.
Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of TIMOTHY WALSH, M.D.
Mental Health Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians &
Bethesda, Maryland Surgeons, Columbia University
New York, New York
S. MARK SACHER, D.O.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, PHILIP WILSON, M.D.
University of California Irvine Private Practice
UCI Medical Center New York, New York
Orange, California
JOSEPH L WOOLSTON, M.D.
JOHN SARGENT, M.D. Child Study Center, Yale University
Center for Psychosomatic and Eating Disorders, New Haven, Connecticut
Philadelphia Guild Guidance Clinic
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgement xvii
Section I: Neurobiologic Foundations of Appetite and Eating: Basic and Applied Studies
John E. Morley
Basic Studies
1 The Development of Feeding Behavior 3
Elliott M. Blass
2 Neurotransmitter Regulation of Appetite and Eating 11
John E. Morley, Allan S. Levine, and Dean D. Krahn
3 Energy Balance and Opioid Receptors: Epsilons in the Periphery Promote
Conservation; Kappa and Delta in the CNS Permit Expenditures 21
David L. Maigules
4 Long-Term History of Human Diet 29
Glynn LI. Isaac, and Jeanne M. Sept
5 Animal Models of Eating Disorders: Hypothalamic Function 39
Timothy Schallert
6 Adjusting Food Intake to Meet Homeostatic Demands: Implications for Anorexia Nervosa 49
Carl I. Thompson
7 Gastrointestinal Peptides and the Limitation of Meal Size 57
James Gibbs
Applied Studies
8 Descriptive and Operational Study of Eating in Humans 65
John E. Blundell and Andrew J. Hill
9 The Effect of Psychopharmacological Agents on Appetite and Eating 87
Marc H. Stolar
xi
xii The Eating Disorders
10 Palatability and Preference: Basic Studies 101
Barbara J. Rolls and Marion Hetherington
11 Physiological Basis of Food Preferences in Eating Disorders 121
Adam Drewnowski
Section II: Clinical Entities
Barton J. Blinder, Bany F. Chaitin, and Renee Goldstein
Psychobiologic and Psychosocial Bases

12 Prevalence and Incidence Studies of Anorexia Nervosa 131
Pierre Leichner and A. Genler

13 A Sociocultural Interpretation of the Current Epidemic of Eating Disorders 151
Richard A. Gordon

s,' 14 ; Family Structure of Interpersonal Relationships in the Eating Disorders 165
Sheldon Z. Kramer

15 Experimental Body Image Research in Anorexia Nervosa Patients 177
Rolf Meermann, Christiane Napierski, and Walter Vandereycken

16 Transcultural Perspectives on Eating Disorders 195
Daniel M.A. Freeman

17 New Neuroendocrine Findings in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia 205
Hairy E. Gwirtsman, Leigh Anne Hohlstein, and Peter Roy-Byrne
18 Disturbances in Brain Neurotransmitter Systems in Anorexia Nervosa:

A Review of CSF Studies 215
Walter H. Kaye, Michael H. Ebert, and C. Raymond Lake
19 Pathophysiologic and Clinical Aspects of Medical, Endocrine, and

Nutritional Abnormalities and Adaptations in Eating Disorders 227
James C. Sheinin
Clinical Disorders
20 Classification and Diagnosis of the Eating Disorders 235
L.K. George Hsu

21 The Etiology of Anorexia Nervosa 239
L.K. George Hsu
22 Anorexia Nervosa 247
David C Sibley and Barton J. Blinder
23 The Epidemiology of Bulimia 259
Richard L Pyle and James E. Mitchell
24 The Diagnosis and Clinical Characteristics of Bulimia 267
James E. Mitchell and Richard L. Pyle
25 Eating Disorders in Infancy and Early Childhood 275
Joseph L. Woolston
26 Eating Disorders in Child ood (Ages 4 Through 11 Years) 285
I. Lee Gislason