Networks of Invasion: A Synthesis of Concepts

369 Pages·2017·7.795 MB· 380 \369

by  David A. Bohan, Alex J. Dumbrell and François Massol (Eds.)

ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL
RESEARCH
Series Editors
DAVID A. BOHAN
Directeur de Recherche
UMR 1347 Agro(cid:1)ecologie
AgroSup/UB/INRA
Po^le GESTAD, Dijon, France
ALEX J. DUMBRELL
School of Biological Sciences
University of Essex
Wivenhoe Park, Colchester
Essex, United Kingdom
AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier
TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom
125LondonWall,London,EC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom
50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates
525BStreet,Suite1800,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,UnitedStates
Firstedition2017
©2017ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,
electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageand
retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseek
permission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandour
arrangementswithorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyright
LicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Thisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightby
thePublisher(otherthanasmaybenotedherein).
Notices
Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchand
experiencebroadenourunderstanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,
ormedicaltreatmentmaybecomenecessary.
Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgein
evaluatingandusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribed
herein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyand
thesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility.
Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,
assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterof
productsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,
products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein.
ISBN:978-0-12-804338-7
ISSN:0065-2504
ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications
visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/
Publisher:ZoeKruze
AcquisitionEditor:AlexWhite
EditorialProjectManager:HeleneKabes
ProductionProjectManager:MageshKumarMahalingam
CoverDesigner:MarkRogers
TypesetbySPiGlobal,India
CONTRIBUTORS
O.Anneville
UMR42CARRTEL,INRA-Universit(cid:1)eSavoieMontBlanc,Thonon-les-Bains,France
T.J.Bartley
UniversityofGuelph,Guelph,ON,Canada
D.A.Bohan
UMR1347Agro(cid:1)ecologie,AgroSup/UB/INRA,Po^leGestiondesAdventices,Dijon
Cedex,France
J.R.Boutain
BotanicalResearchInstituteofTexas,FortWorth,TX,UnitedStates
V.Calcagno
Universit(cid:1)eCo^ted’Azur,CNRS,INRA,ISA,France
K.Cazelles
Universit(cid:1)eduQu(cid:1)ebecàRimouski,Rimouski;QuebecCenterforBiodiversityScience,
Montr(cid:1)eal,QC,Canada;UMRMARBEC(MARineBiodiversity,Exploitationand
Conservation),Universit(cid:1)edeMontpellier,Montpellier,France
E.Chapuis
UMR3PPVBMT,CIRAD-Universit(cid:1)edelaR(cid:1)eunion,SaintPierre;UMRIPME,IRD-
Universit(cid:1)edeMontpellier-CIRAD,Montpellier,France
R.I.Colautti
Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,ON,Canada
P.David
Centred’EcologieFonctionnelleetEvolutive,UMR5175,CNRS-Universit(cid:1)ede
Montpellier-UMIII-EPHE,Montpellier,France
I.Domaizon
INRA,Universit(cid:1)edeSavoieMontBlanc,UMRCARRTEL,ThononlesBains,France
M.Dubart
CNRS,Universit(cid:1)edeLille-SciencesetTechnologies,UMR8198Evo-Eco-Paleo,SPICI
Group,Villeneuved’Ascq;InstitutdesSciencesdel’E(cid:1)volution,Universit(cid:1)edeMontpellier,
CNRS,IRD,EPHE,CC065,Montpellier,France
P.-F.Duyck
CIRAD,UMRPVBMT,97410SaintPierre,LaR(cid:1)eunion,France
C.Fontaine
Mus(cid:1)eumNationald’HistoireNaturelle—CESCO,UMR7204MNHN-CNRS-UPMC,
Paris,France
D.Gravel
Universit(cid:1)eduQu(cid:1)ebecàRimouski,Rimouski;QuebecCenterforBiodiversityScience,
Montr(cid:1)eal;Facult(cid:1)edesSciences,Universit(cid:1)edeSherbrooke,Sherbrooke,QC,Canada
ix
x Contributors
C.Jacquet
Universit(cid:1)eduQu(cid:1)ebecàRimouski,Rimouski;QuebecCenterforBiodiversityScience,
Montr(cid:1)eal,QC,Canada;UMRMARBEC(MARineBiodiversity,Exploitationand
Conservation),Universit(cid:1)edeMontpellier,Montpellier,France
S.Kamenova
UniversityofGuelph,Guelph,ON,Canada
S.K(cid:1)efi
InstitutdesSciencesdel’E(cid:1)volution,Universit(cid:1)edeMontpellier,CNRS,IRD,EPHE,
CC065,Montpellier,France
I.LeViol
Mus(cid:1)eumNationald’HistoireNaturelle—CESCO,UMR7204MNHN-CNRS-UPMC,
Paris,France
A.Lemainque
Commissariatàl’EnergieAtomiqueetauxEnergiesAlternatives(CEA),Institutde
G(cid:1)enomique(IG),Genoscope,Evry,France
N.Loeuille
InstituteofEcologyandEnvironmentalSciencesUMR7618,SorbonneUniversit(cid:1)es-
UPMC–CNRS-IRD-INRA-Universite´ ParisDiderot-UPEC,Paris,France
N.D.Martinez
PacificEcoinformaticsandComputationalEcologyLab,Berkeley,CA;Universityof
Arizona,Tucson,AZ,UnitedStates
F.Massol
CNRS,Universite´ deLille,UMR8198Evo-Eco-Paleo,SPICIGroup,Lille,France
G.Mollot
SupAgro,UMRCBGP(INRA/IRD/CIRAD/MontpellierSupAgro),Montferrier-sur-
Lez;CESAB-FRB,ImmeubleHenriPoincar(cid:1)e,AixenProvence,France
J.H.Pantel
Centred’EcologieFonctionnelleetEvolutive,UMR5175,CNRS-Universit(cid:1)ede
Montpellier-UMIII-EPHE,Montpellier;CentreforEcologicalAnalysisandSynthesis,
FoundationforResearchonBiodiversity,B^atimentHenriPoincar(cid:1)e,RueLouis-Philibert,
13100Aix-en-Provence,France
M.-E.Perga
INRA,Universit(cid:1)edeSavoieMontBlanc,UMRCARRTEL,ThononlesBains,France
V.Ravign(cid:1)e
CIRAD,UMRPVBMTPo^ledeProtectiondesPlantes,Saint-Pierre,R(cid:1)eunion,France
T.N.Romanuk
DalhousieUniversity,Halifax,NS,Canada;PacificEcoinformaticsandComputational
EcologyLab,Berkeley,CA,UnitedStates
E.Th(cid:1)ebault
InstituteofEcologyandEnvironmentalSciencesUMR7618,SorbonneUniversit(cid:1)es-
UPMC-CNRS-IRD-INRA-Universit(cid:1)eParisDiderot-UPEC,Paris,France
Contributors xi
P.Tixier
CIRAD,URGECO,MontpellierCedex,France;CATIE,Cartago,CostaRica
F.S.Valdovinos
UniversityofArizona,Tucson,AZ,UnitedStates
Y.Zhou
PacificEcoinformaticsandComputationalEcologyLab,Berkeley,CA;SchoolofPublic
Policy,UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD,UnitedStates
PREFACE
Biological invasions are considered one of the pre-eminent sources of dis-
turbance of ecosystems, causing marked loss of biodiversity at large spatial
scalesandconcomitantchangesinfunctionandecosystemserviceprovision
(Ehrenfeld,2010;MurphyandRomanuk,2014;Vilàetal.,2006).Thepast
halfcenturyhasseenincreasedconcernabouttheimpactsofbiologicalinva-
sions(GurevitchandPadilla,2004),fromlocalspeciesextinctiontochanges
inecosystemfunctioning,aswellaseffectsongeneticdiversityorfacilitation
of further invasions through invasion meltdown (Murphy and Romanuk,
2014; Paolucci et al., 2013; Simberloff et al., 2013; Strayer, 2012; Vilà
etal.,2011).Inordertopreventinvasions,muchefforthasalsobeendevoted
towards understanding conditions favouring the success of invasions
(Beisner et al., 2006; Pyˇsek et al., 2010; Romanuk et al., 2009). In spite
of numerous empirical and theoretical developments, understanding,
predicting and managing species invasions remain one of the main issues
of ecology today, with potentially massive costs now and in the years to
come (Bradshaw et al., 2016).
Invasionbiology,bornasanewdisciplinemorethanhalfacenturyago
(Elton, 1958), is only now coming of age. Despite an accumulation of
detailed case studies, a growing theoretical corpus and connections made
tomanyareasofecology,evolutionarybiologyandeconomy,thereremain
somekeygapsinthestudyofinvasions.Oneistheneedforamoreintegra-
tive,systems-basedviewofaninvasivespeciesencounteringanestablished,
recipientcommunity,withanemphasisplacedonthecomplexityofrecip-
rocalrelationships,includingtherealizationthatthelatterisitselfacomplex
entity.Theresearchthatresultswilllikelybeneitherasimple,linearaddition
of a species to a community nor the summation of all pairwise interactions
between the constituent species.
Untilrecently,relativelylittleinvestigationofspeciesinvasionshasbeen
doneusingsystems-ornetwork-basedapproaches(butseeRomanuketal.,
2009),despitegrowingevidencethatconsiderationoftheinvaderalone,or
thespeciesitappearstodisplace,isnotenough.Inbiocontrol,wherebyspe-
cieshavebeendeliberatelyintroducedtocounteracttheeffectsofparticular
pestspecies,thereisampleevidencethattheinsertionofanovelspeciesinto
an established community can markedly modify community structure and
functioning in ways that are often unexpected (Lombaert et al., 2010;
xiii
xiv Preface
Royetal.,2011).Theresultsofsuchintroductionsrangefrommerepersis-
tenceofthebiocontrolagent,tosuccessfulintroductionandcontroleffect,
throughtowholesaleswitchingtootherunintendedpreyspeciesandtheloss
of these from the system instead (Clarke et al., 1984; Phillips et al., 2006).
These findings in biocontrol, when placed alongside others from ‘natural’
invasion events, argue for the effects of invading species ramifying across
whole ecosystems and that systems- or network-based approaches would
have great power to resolve mechanisms and understand invasion.
‘Networks of invasion’, understood both through biological invasions
into ecological interaction networks and through the web-like nature of
invasionpatterns,spatiallyandintermsofsequentialinvasions,arethesub-
ject of two thematic issues of Advances in Ecological Research. These deal, in
turn,withpaperssynthesizingconceptsininvasionecologyandtheempir-
icalevidenceandcasestudiesofinvasionsviewedwith anetworkperspec-
tive. This first volume opens with a set of papers, both empirical and
theoretical, which set out the general Perspectives in Invasion Ecology,
when viewed from the network standpoint. These papers first synthesize
knownimpactsofinvadersonfoodwebs,withbothageneralreviewfocus-
ing on the ‘insertion point’ of invaders within food webs (David et al.,
Chapter 1) and a meta-analysis (Mollot et al., Chapter 2) which detail
how often and under which conditions species invasions lead to species
losses. Chapter 3 (Kamenova et al.) introduces current tools—genetic, iso-
topic, participatory, model based, etc.—available to monitor, detect and
predict invasions in ecological networks. The following two chapters
(Massoletal.,Chapter4;Romanuketal.,Chapter5)presenttwodifferent
models aimed at elucidating the effects of food web topology on invasion
probabilityandimpact.WhileChapter4developsaspatialfoodwebmodel
basedon MacArthurandWilson’s(1963)theoryof islandbiogeographyto
understand the effects of food web properties on sequences of invasions,
Chapter 5 focuses on what makes a food web robust to species invasions,
elaboratingonthenichemodelofWilliamsandMartinez(2000)toexplore
whetherquantitativeandqualitativerobustnessaretradedoffalongthefood
webconnectancegradient.Thisfirstvolumecloseswithageneralperspec-
tivepapers(Panteletal.,Chapter6)whichfocuseson14differentquestions
for future studies on invasions in ecological networks.
The second volume consists of a series of papers that detail invasions of
particulartypesofinvaders(e.g.parasites)orintoparticulartypesofecosys-
tems (e.g. freshwater ecosystems). It begins with M(cid:1)edoc et al., which syn-
thesizes predictions of impacts of parasite invasions in food webs. The
Preface xv
following chapter (Jacksonet al., Chapter2) focuses on shifts in freshwater
foodwebtopologiesduetospeciesinvasionsandemphasizesthepossibility
oftrophiclinkdisruptioninsuchsituations.Chapter3(Amsellemetal.)then
synthesizescurrentevidenceandhypothesesregardingtheeffectsofmicro-
organismsonspeciesinvasions,fromtheclassicenemyreleasehypothesisto
spillback and spillover effects linked to the co-invasion of organisms with
theirsymbionts.Plant–pollinatorinteractionsandthetopologyoftheasso-
ciated networks under a regime of massive species introductions are the
focusofChapter4(Geslinetal.),whichdetailthepotentialimpactsofsuch
massive management of both plants and insects on nearby, non-managed
ecosystems. The volume then ends with Chapter 5, by Murall et al., with
a change of scale to describe invasions in microbial networks within hosts,
emphasizing what is already known regarding mammal microbiota and
suggesting ways in which interdisciplinary dialogue between ecologists,
microbiologists and physiologists might pave the way for a better under-
standing of problems such as the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
Thesetwovolumespresentasnapshotofthecurrentstateoftheartinthe
study of invasion ecology, emphasizing species interactions and using
network-basedapproaches.These11chaptersrevealthatthereisgreatvalue
inusingnetworkstostudyinvasion,bothfromaconceptualviewpointand
in practicaltermsto measure, predictand monitortheimpactsof invasions
onecosystems.Whentakentogether,theworkpresentedheresuggeststhat
buildingaricherunderstandingofinvasion,whichnetworksafford,couldbe
animportantstepforwardindevelopingpredictiveapproachestomanaging
or preventing invasions. We hopethat the variety of approaches and ques-
tionstonetworksofinvasioncontainedwithinthesepagesprovideafruitful
and stimulating framework for future studies and research programmes
aimed at tackling invasions.
F. MASSOL
P. DAVID
D.A. BOHAN
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thisseriesofpaperscame,inpart,outoftheCOREIDSproject,cofinancedbyTOTALand
theFondationpourlaRecherchesurlaBiodiversit(cid:1)e(FRB),attheCentrefortheSynthesis
andAnalysisofBiodiversity(CESAB)inAix-en-Provence,France.TheCOREIDSproject
has the goals of unifying and analyzing databases on species invasions into sensitive
communities and zones using network ecological approaches, with the aim of identifying
the generic processes and mechanisms of invasion that might be used in invasion
predictionandmanagement.
xvi Preface
REFERENCES
Beisner,B.E.,etal.,2006.Environmentalproductivityandbiodiversityeffectsoninverte-
bratecommunityinvasibility.Biol.Invasions8,655–664.
Bradshaw,C.J.A., etal., 2016.Massive yetgrosslyunderestimated globalcostsof invasive
insects.Nat.Commun.7,12986.
Clarke,B.,etal.,1984.Theextinctionofendemicspeciesbyaprogramofbiologicalcontrol.
Pac.Sci.38,97–104.
Ehrenfeld, J.G., 2010. Ecosystem consequences of biological invasions. Annu. Rev. Ecol.
Evol.Syst.41,59–80.
Elton,C.S.,1958.TheEcologyofInvasionsbyAnimalsandPlants.Methuen&CoLtd.,
London,UK.
Gurevitch,J.,Padilla,D.K.,2004.Areinvasivespeciesamajorcauseofextinctions?Trends
Ecol.Evol.19,470–474.
Lombaert, E., etal.,2010. Bridgehead effectinthe worldwide invasion of the biocontrol
HarlequinLadybird.PLoSOne5,e9743.
MacArthur, R.H., Wilson, E.O., 1963. An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography.
Evolution17,373–387.
Murphy,G.E.P.,Romanuk,T.N.,2014.Ameta-analysisofdeclinesinlocalspeciesrichness
fromhumandisturbances.Ecol.Evol.4,91–103.
Paolucci,E.M.,etal.,2013.Originmatters:alienconsumersinflictgreaterdamageonprey
populationsthandonativeconsumers.Divers.Distrib.19,988–995.
Phillips,B.L.,etal.,2006.Invasionandtheevolutionofspeedintoads.Nature439,803.
Pyˇsek,P.,etal.,2010.Disentanglingtheroleofenvironmentalandhumanpressuresonbio-
logicalinvasionsacrossEurope.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.107,12157–12162.
Romanuk,T.N.,etal.,2009.Predictinginvasionsuccessincomplexecologicalnetworks.
Philos.Trans.R.Soc.B364,1743–1754.
Roy, H.E., et al., 2011. Living with the enemy: parasites and pathogens of the ladybird
Harmoniaaxyridis.Biocontrol56,663–679.
Simberloff,D.,etal.,2013.Impactsofbiologicalinvasions:what’swhatandthewayforward.
TrendsEcol.Evol.28,58–66.
Strayer,D.L.,2012.Eightquestionsaboutinvasionsandecosystemfunctioning.Ecol.Lett.
15,1199–1210.
Vilà,M.,etal.,2006.Localandregionalassessmentsoftheimpactsofplantinvadersonveg-
etationstructureandsoilpropertiesofMediterraneanislands.J.Biogeogr.33,853–861.
Vilà, M., et al., 2011. Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants: a meta-analysis of their
effectsonspecies,communitiesandecosystems.Ecol.Lett.14,702–708.
Williams, R.J., Martinez, N.D., 2000. Simple rules yield complex food webs. Nature
404,180–183.
CHAPTER ONE
Impacts of Invasive Species
on Food Webs: A Review
of Empirical Data
P. David*,1, E. The(cid:1)bault†, O. Anneville{, P.-F. Duyck§, E. Chapuis¶,k,
†
N. Loeuille
*Centred’EcologieFonctionnelleetEvolutive,UMR5175,CNRS-Universite´deMontpellier-UMIII-EPHE,
Montpellier,France
†InstituteofEcologyandEnvironmentalSciencesUMR7618,SorbonneUniversit(cid:1)es-UPMC-CNRS-IRD-
INRA-Universit(cid:1)eParisDiderot-UPEC,Paris,France
{UMR42CARRTEL,INRA-Universit(cid:1)eSavoieMontBlanc,Thonon-les-Bains,France
§CIRAD,UMRPVBMT,97410SaintPierre,LaR(cid:1)eunion,France
¶UMR3PPVBMT,CIRAD-Universit(cid:1)edelaR(cid:1)eunion,SaintPierre,France
kUMRIPME,IRD-Universit(cid:1)edeMontpellier-CIRAD,Montpellier,France
1Correspondingauthor:e-mailaddress:[email protected]
Contents
1. Introduction 2
2. DefinitionsandLimits 3
2.1 InvasiveSpecies:An“AnthropocentricConcept” 3
2.2 MeasuringImpactsonFoodWebs:ObjectsofStudyandMethodology 4
3. LocalEffects:EffectofInvadersatOneorTwoStepsofDistance 6
3.1 Top-DownEffects 7
3.2 LateralEffectsofInvaders:ExploitativeCompetition 12
3.3 Bottom-UpEffectsofInvaders 16
3.4 ApparentCompetitionBetweenInvadersandResidents 19
3.5 Facilitation,Mutualisms,andEngineering:NontrophicIndirectInteractions 21
4. GlobalEffects:InvasionsatFoodWebScale 22
4.1 FoodWebStructureasaBioticFilter 22
4.2 PositionofInvasiveSpeciesinFoodWebs 26
4.3 ImpactsofInvasionsonFoodWebStructure 29
5. HowDoesaNetworkPerspectiveInfluencetheManagementofInvasive
Species? 35
5.1 PreventingInvasionsFromaNetworkPerspective 36
5.2 UsingEcologicalNetworkstoLimitImpactsorExcludeInvaders 39
5.3 ImplicationsofInvaderRemovalFromaNetworkPerspective 42
6. Conclusion 44
6.1 FutureDirections 47
Acknowledgements 48
Glossary 49
References 50
AdvancesinEcologicalResearch,Volume56 #2017ElsevierLtd 1
ISSN0065-2504 Allrightsreserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.10.001