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Networking For Dummies PDF

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A L L - I N - O N E Making Everything Easier!™ $39.99 US / $47.99 CN / £27.99 UK ISBN 978-0-470-62587-3 Computers/Networking Go to Dummies.com® for videos, step-by-step examples, how-to articles, or to shop! Lowe spine=1.82” Networking A L L - I N - O N E Networking • Networking Basics • Building a Network • Network Administration and Security • TCP/IP and the Internet • Wireless Networking • Mobile Networking • Windows Server® 2008 R2 Reference • Using Other Windows Servers • Managing Linux® Systems Doug Lowe Open the book and find: • What networking is and how it works • How VMware can help you manage your servers • Tips on setting up a firewall • All about TCP/IP tools and commands • Advice on wireless networking with Bluetooth • How to manage mobile users • A handy reference to Windows networking commands • Dozens of helpful Web sites Here’s the easy-to-use reference you’ve wished for — all things network-related in one book! So you’re in charge of a network? That’s great — and a great big job! Let this book be your one-stop guide. You’ll find out about network standards, popular network operating systems, servers, how to plan and set up a network, security secrets, troubleshooting recommendations, what to do with wireless and mobile networking variations, and much more! • Networking 101 — start here for the latest in network protocols, standards, hardware, and operating systems • Building plans — create a plan for your network, install the hardware and server operating system, and explore virtualization technologies • Safety first — secure your network while keeping it easily accessible for users • Internet intrigue — work with the all-important TCP/IP protocols and DHCP, FTP, and DNS • For those on the go — set up and manage networks for iPhone®, Android™, BlackBerry®, and netbook users • All about servers — install and administer servers using Windows Server® 2008 R2, earlier versions of Windows Server, SQL Server® 2008, SharePoint® 2010, and others • A line on Linux — see how to install Fedora and set up a Windows- compatible file server and Internet server Doug Lowe is the information technology director for a civil engineering firm and a veteran network manager. He has written several editions of this book and Networking For Dummies, both bestsellers. Doug’s 50-plus books have demystified everything from Microsoft Office to creating Web pages. 9IN 1 Networking Basics Building a Network Network Administration and Security TCP/IP and the Internet Wireless Networking Mobile Networking Windows Server® 2008 R2 Reference Using Other Windows Servers Managing Linux® Systems BOOKS BOOKS 4th Edition 4th Edition Mobile Apps There’s a Dummies App for This and That With more than 200 million books in print and over 1,600 unique titles, Dummies is a global leader in how-to information. Now you can get the same great Dummies information in an App. With topics such as Wine, Spanish, Digital Photography, Certification, and more, you’ll have instant access to the topics you need to know in a format you can trust. To get information on all our Dummies apps, visit the following: www.Dummies.com/go/mobile from your computer. www.Dummies.com/go/iphone/apps from your phone. Start with FREE Cheat Sheets Cheat Sheets include • Checklists • Charts • Common Instructions • And Other Good Stuff! Get Smart at Dummies.com Dummies.com makes your life easier with 1,000s of answers on everything from removing wallpaper to using the latest version of Windows. Check out our • Videos • Illustrated Articles • Step-by-Step Instructions Plus, each month you can win valuable prizes by entering our Dummies.com sweepstakes. * Want a weekly dose of Dummies? Sign up for Newsletters on • Digital Photography • Microsoft Windows & Office • Personal Finance & Investing • Health & Wellness • Computing, iPods & Cell Phones • eBay • Internet • Food, Home & Garden Find out “HOW” at Dummies.com *Sweepstakes not currently available in all countries; visit Dummies.com for official rules. Get More and Do More at Dummies.com® To access the Cheat Sheet created specifically for this book, go to www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/networkingaio spine=1.82” Networking AL L -I N - O N E FOR DUMmIES ‰ 4TH EDITION 01_625873-ffirs.indd i01_625873-ffirs.indd i 9/21/10 10:04 PM9/21/10 10:04 PM 01_625873-ffirs.indd ii01_625873-ffirs.indd ii 9/21/10 10:04 PM9/21/10 10:04 PM by Doug Lowe Networking AL L -I N - O N E FOR DUMmIES ‰ 4TH EDITION 01_625873-ffirs.indd iii01_625873-ffirs.indd iii 9/21/10 10:04 PM9/21/10 10:04 PM Networking All-in-One For Dummies®, 4th Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2011 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permit- ted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http:// www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/ or its affi liates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITH- OUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZA- TION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ. For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Control Number: 2010935591 ISBN: 978-0-470-62587-3 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 01_625873-ffirs.indd iv01_625873-ffirs.indd iv 9/21/10 10:04 PM9/21/10 10:04 PM About the Author Doug Lowe has written a whole bunch of computer books, including more than 40 For Dummies books, among them Networking For Dummies, 9th Edition, Java All-in-One For Dummies, 3rd Edition, PowerPoint 2010 For Dummies, and Word 2010 All-in-One For Dummies. He lives in sunny Fresno, California, where the motto is “Fres-YES!,” (unfortunately, I’m not making that up). He’s one of those obsessive-compulsive decorating nuts who creates computer-controlled Halloween decorations that rival Disney’s Haunted Mansion. 01_625873-ffirs.indd v01_625873-ffirs.indd v 9/21/10 10:04 PM9/21/10 10:04 PM 01_625873-ffirs.indd vi01_625873-ffirs.indd vi 9/21/10 10:04 PM9/21/10 10:04 PM Dedication To My Family. Author’s Acknowledgments I’d like to thank everyone who was involved with the fourth edition of this book, especially the most excellent project editor Blair Pottenger, who put up with late submissions and who did a great job following through on all the little editorial details needed to put a book of this scope together on time. Thanks also to Dan DiNicolo, who gave the manuscript a thorough review to ensure the technical accuracy of every sentence, and in the process offered many excellent suggestions for improvements, and to copy editor Virginia Sanders, who whipped my prose into shape, crossing all the i’s and dotting all the t’s, or something like that. And, as always, thanks to all the behind-the- scenes people who chipped in with help I’m not even aware of. 01_625873-ffirs.indd vii01_625873-ffirs.indd vii 9/21/10 10:04 PM9/21/10 10:04 PM Publisher’s Acknowledgments We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments at http://dummies.custhelp.com. For other comments, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following: Acquisitions and Editorial Project Editor: Blair J. Pottenger Acquisitions Editor: Amy Fandrei Copy Editor: Virginia Sanders Technical Editor: Dan DiNicolo Editorial Manager: Kevin Kirschner Editorial Assistant: Amanda Graham Sr. Editorial Assistant: Cherie Case Cartoons: Rich Tennant (www.the5thwave.com) Composition Services Project Coordinator: Patrick Redmond Layout and Graphics: Carl Byers, Samantha K. Cherolis, Ronald G. Terry Proofreaders: Laura L. Bowman, Jessica Kramer Indexer: Broccoli Information Managment Special Help Annie Sullivan Publishing and Editorial for Technology Dummies Richard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group Publisher Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher Mary Bednarek, Executive Acquisitions Director Mary C. Corder, Editorial Director Publishing for Consumer Dummies Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher Composition Services Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services 01_625873-ffirs.indd viii01_625873-ffirs.indd viii 9/21/10 10:04 PM9/21/10 10:04 PM Contents at a Glance Introduction .......................................................................1 Book I: Networking Basics ..................................................7 Chapter 1: Understanding Networks ................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 2: Understanding Network Protocols and Standards ................................................... 21 Chapter 3: Understanding Network Hardware ............................................................................. 43 Chapter 4: Understanding Network Operating Systems .............................................................. 61 Book II: Building a Network ..............................................75 Chapter 1: Planning a Network ....................................................................................................... 77 Chapter 2: Installing Network Hardware ....................................................................................... 95 Chapter 3: Setting Up a Network Server ...................................................................................... 111 Chapter 4: Confi guring Windows Clients ..................................................................................... 121 Chapter 5: Macintosh Networking ................................................................................................ 135 Chapter 6: Confi guring Other Network Features ........................................................................ 141 Chapter 7: Verifying Your Network Installation ......................................................................... 151 Chapter 8: Going Virtual ................................................................................................................ 157 Book III: Network Administration and Security .................169 Chapter 1: Help Wanted: Job Description for a Network Administrator ................................. 171 Chapter 2: Security 101 .................................................................................................................. 185 Chapter 3: Managing User Accounts ............................................................................................ 195 Chapter 4: Firewalls and Virus Protection .................................................................................. 203 Chapter 5: Extending Your Network with VPN Access .............................................................. 215 Chapter 6: Managing Network Software ...................................................................................... 221 Chapter 7: Solving Network Problems ......................................................................................... 233 Chapter 8: Network Performance Anxiety ................................................................................... 249 Chapter 9: Backing Up Your Data ................................................................................................. 259 Chapter 10: Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning .......................................... 271 Book IV: TCP/IP and the Internet .....................................279 Chapter 1: Introduction to TCP/IP and the Internet .................................................................. 281 Chapter 2: Understanding IP Addresses ...................................................................................... 289 Chapter 3: Using DHCP .................................................................................................................. 307 Chapter 4: Using DNS ..................................................................................................................... 321 Chapter 5: Using FTP ...................................................................................................................... 347 Chapter 6: TCP/IP Tools and Commands .................................................................................... 371 02_625873-ftoc.indd ix02_625873-ftoc.indd ix 9/21/10 10:04 PM9/21/10 10:04 PM Book V: Wireless Networking ..........................................397 Chapter 1: Setting Up a Wireless Network .................................................................................. 399 Chapter 2: Securing a Wireless Network ..................................................................................... 419 Chapter 3: Hotspotting .................................................................................................................. 431 Chapter 4: Troubleshooting a Wireless Network ....................................................................... 437 Chapter 5: Wireless Networking with Bluetooth ........................................................................ 443 Book VI: Mobile Networking ............................................449 Chapter 1: Managing Mobile Devices ........................................................................................... 451 Chapter 2: Managing BlackBerry Devices ................................................................................... 455 Chapter 3: Managing iPhone Devices ........................................................................................... 461 Chapter 4: Managing Android Devices ........................................................................................ 469 Chapter 5: Managing Netbooks ..................................................................................................... 473 Book VII: Windows Server 2008 Reference .......................477 Chapter 1: Installing and Confi guring Windows Server 2008 R2 ............................................... 479 Chapter 2: Managing Windows Server 2008 ................................................................................ 493 Chapter 3: Dealing with Active Directory .................................................................................... 509 Chapter 4: Managing Windows User Accounts ........................................................................... 519 Chapter 5: Managing a File Server ................................................................................................ 539 Chapter 6: Using Group Policy ...................................................................................................... 553 Chapter 7: Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................... 563 Chapter 8: Windows Commands .................................................................................................. 575 Book VIII: Using Other Windows Servers ..........................603 Chapter 1: Using Internet Information System (IIS) ................................................................... 605 Chapter 2: Managing Exchange Server 2010 ............................................................................... 615 Chapter 3: Using SQL Server 2008 ................................................................................................ 635 Chapter 4: Using SharePoint ......................................................................................................... 655 Book IX: Managing Linux Systems ...................................669 Chapter 1: Installing a Linux Server ............................................................................................. 671 Chapter 2: Getting Used to Linux ................................................................................................. 685 Chapter 3: Basic Linux Network Confi guration .......................................................................... 693 Chapter 4: Running DHCP and DNS .............................................................................................. 707 Chapter 5: Doing the Samba Dance .............................................................................................. 717 Chapter 6: Running Apache ........................................................................................................... 731 Chapter 7: Running Sendmail ........................................................................................................ 743 Chapter 8: Running FTP ................................................................................................................. 753 Chapter 9: Linux Commands ......................................................................................................... 759 Appendix A: Directory of Useful Web Sites .......................787 Appendix B: Glossary ......................................................795 Index .............................................................................823 02_625873-ftoc.indd x02_625873-ftoc.indd x 9/21/10 10:04 PM9/21/10 10:04 PM Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................1 About This Book ..............................................................................................2 How to Use This Book .....................................................................................3 How This Book Is Organized ..........................................................................3 Book I: Networking Basics ....................................................................3 Book II: Building a Network ..................................................................4 Book III: Network Administration and Security .................................4 Book IV: TCP/IP and the Internet .........................................................4 Book V: Wireless Networking ...............................................................4 Book VI: Mobile Networking .................................................................4 Book VII: Windows Server 2008 R2 Reference ....................................5 Book VIII: Using Other Windows Servers ............................................5 Book IX: Managing Linux Systems .......................................................5 Icons Used in This Book .................................................................................5 Where to Go from Here ...................................................................................6 Book I: Networking Basics ...................................................7 Chapter 1: Understanding Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 What Is a Network? ..........................................................................................9 Network building blocks .....................................................................10 Why bother? .........................................................................................12 Of Clients and Servers ...................................................................................13 Dedicated Servers and Peers .......................................................................14 Networks Big and Small ................................................................................14 Network Topology .........................................................................................15 Bus topology .........................................................................................15 Star topology ........................................................................................16 Expanding stars ....................................................................................17 Ring topology .......................................................................................18 Mesh topology ......................................................................................18 Chapter 2: Understanding Network Protocols and Standards. . . . . . .21 Understanding Protocols ..............................................................................21 Understanding Standards .............................................................................23 The Seven Layers of the OSI Reference Model ..........................................24 The Physical Layer ..............................................................................25 The Data Link Layer .............................................................................26 02_625873-ftoc.indd xi02_625873-ftoc.indd xi 9/21/10 10:04 PM9/21/10 10:04 PM Networking All-in-One For Dummies, 4th Edition xii The Network Layer ..............................................................................28 The Transport Layer ...........................................................................30 The Session Layer ................................................................................32 The Presentation Layer .......................................................................32 The Application Layer .........................................................................33 Following a Packet through the Layers ......................................................33 The Ethernet Protocol ..................................................................................34 Standard Ethernet ................................................................................35 Fast Ethernet ........................................................................................36 Gigabit Ethernet ...................................................................................37 The TCP/IP Protocol Suite ............................................................................37 IP ............................................................................................................38 TCP ........................................................................................................39 UDP ........................................................................................................40 Other Protocols Worth Knowing About .....................................................41 Chapter 3: Understanding Network Hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Servers ............................................................................................................43 What’s important in a server ..............................................................43 Components of a server computer ....................................................44 Server form factors ..............................................................................46 Network Interface Cards ...............................................................................48 Network Cable ................................................................................................48 Coaxial cable ........................................................................................49 Twisted-pair cable ...............................................................................50 Switches ..........................................................................................................51 Repeaters ........................................................................................................54 Bridges ............................................................................................................55 Routers ............................................................................................................57 Network Attached Storage ...........................................................................58 Network Printers ...........................................................................................59 Chapter 4: Understanding Network Operating Systems. . . . . . . . . . . .61 Network Operating System Features ..........................................................61 Network support ..................................................................................61 File-sharing services ............................................................................62 Multitasking ..........................................................................................62 Directory services ................................................................................64 Security services ..................................................................................64 Microsoft’s Server Operating Systems .......................................................65 Windows 2000 Server ..........................................................................66 Windows Server 2003 ..........................................................................66 Windows Server 2008 ..........................................................................68 Windows Server 2008 R2 .....................................................................68 Other Server Operating Systems .................................................................68 Linux ......................................................................................................69 Apple Mac OS/X Server .......................................................................69 Novell NetWare ....................................................................................69 02_625873-ftoc.indd xii02_625873-ftoc.indd xii 9/21/10 10:04 PM9/21/10 10:04 PM Table of Contents xiii Peer-to-Peer Networking with Windows .....................................................70 Advantages of peer-to-peer networks ...............................................70 Drawbacks of peer-to-peer networks ................................................71 Windows 7.............................................................................................71 Windows Vista ......................................................................................72 Older Windows versions .....................................................................73 Book II: Building a Network ..............................................75 Chapter 1: Planning a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 Making a Network Plan .................................................................................77 Being Purposeful ............................................................................................78 Taking Stock ...................................................................................................79 What you need to know ......................................................................79 Programs that gather information for you .......................................83 To Dedicate or Not to Dedicate: That Is the Question ..............................84 Types of Servers ............................................................................................84 File servers............................................................................................84 Print servers .........................................................................................85 Web servers ..........................................................................................85 Mail servers ..........................................................................................85 Database servers..................................................................................85 Choosing a Server Operating System ..........................................................86 Planning the Infrastructure ..........................................................................86 Drawing Diagrams .........................................................................................87 Sample Network Plans ..................................................................................88 Building a small network: California Sport Surface, Inc. .................88 Connecting two networks: Creative Course Development, Inc......90 Improving network performance: DCH Accounting ........................92 Chapter 2: Installing Network Hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Installing a Network Interface Card .............................................................95 Installing Twisted-Pair Cable ........................................................................97 Cable categories ...................................................................................97 What’s with the pairs? .........................................................................98 To shield or not to shield ...................................................................98 When to use plenum cable .................................................................99 Sometimes solid, sometimes stranded .............................................99 Installation guidelines .......................................................................100 Getting the tools that you need .......................................................101 Pinouts for twisted-pair cables ........................................................102 Attaching RJ-45 connectors ..............................................................103 Crossover cables................................................................................105 Wall jacks and patch panels .............................................................105 02_625873-ftoc.indd xiii02_625873-ftoc.indd xiii 9/21/10 10:04 PM9/21/10 10:04 PM

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