Networked Futures: Trends for Communication Systems Development

403 Pages·1999·6.188 MB·English

by  W.S. Whyte(auth.)

Networked Futures: Trends for Communication Systems Development
W.S. Whyte
Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
ISBNs: 0-471-98794-8 (Hardback); 0-470-84185-0 (Electronic)
Networked Futures
Networked Futures: Trends for Communication Systems Development
W.S. Whyte
Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
ISBNs: 0-471-98794-8 (Hardback); 0-470-84185-0 (Electronic)
NETWORKEDF UTURES
TRENDS FOR
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT
W.S. Whyte
University of Leeds, UK
JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
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Networked Futures: Trends for Communication Systems Development
W.S. Whyte
Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
ISBNs: 0-471-98794-8 (Hardback); 0-470-84185-0 (Electronic)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Whyte, Bill.
Networked futures : trends for communication systems developmen/t
W.S. Whyte.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-471-98794-8 (alk. paper)
1. Telecommunication-Technolorrical innovations
2. Telecommunication-Forecasting. 1. Title.
TK5101.W453 1999
621.382-dc21 98-48783
CIP
British Libray Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for thibs ook is available from theB ritish Library
ISBN 0 471 98794 8
Typeset in 10/12 Times by Footnote Graphics
Printed and bound in GreaBt ritain by Bookcraft (Bath) Ltd
This book is printed on acid-free paper responsiblv manufactured from sustainable forestry, in
which at least two trees are plantefodr each one used for paper production.
Networked Futures: Trends for Communication Systems Development
W.S. Whyte
Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
ISBNs: 0-471-98794-8 (Hardback); 0-470-84185-0 (Electronic)
To Marian, William and Alasdair
August 1998
Networked Futures: Trends for Communication Systems Development
W.S. Whyte
Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
ISBNs: 0-471-98794-8 (Hardback); 0-470-84185-0 (Electronic)
CONTENTS
Preface ix
1 Market Needs and Technology Solutions 1
2 New Network Architectures 28
3 Advanced Optical Fibre Networks 83
4 Radical Options for Radio 117
5 Accessing the Network 138
6 Intelligent Management of Networked Information 177
7 Technologies for a Wicked World-Trusted and Trusting
Networks 222
8 TheS takeholders 261
9 Applications 300
10 Conclusions 349
11 Appendix: Signal Theory 362
12 Selected Further Reading 376
Index 385
Networked Futures: Trends for Communication Systems Development
W.S. Whyte
Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
ISBNs: 0-471-98794-8 (Hardback); 0-470-84185-0 (Electronic)
PREFACE
This book is a sober audit of an exciting subject - the Information
Superhighway. In it, I try to offer to technical specialists as well as to
business professionals, academics and students, the opportunity to
develop their own informed opinions on what is hype, whati s over-
scepticism and what will be possible, as a result of the incredible
growth in network speed and computer power we e cxapne ct over the
next two decades.
Prediction is difficult, obviously, or we would all be millionaires.
For more than 30 years I have done my own share of predicting the
development and impact of new technology and have seen many
colleagues do thes ame. We have all hadv eryv ariable levels of
success. Often we have been less successful than the non-experts,
because of our highlyi nformed prejudices. Sometimest heyh ave
failed through lack of depth.
That is why I decided on ana cross-the-board audit of the emerging
technologies and the issues that follow from them, tryingt o avoid the
twin dangers of narrowness and superficiality. The basis of any good
audit is the gradual developmenotf a gut feeling that things areo r are
not on the right track, together with selective drilling-down into the
detail to see how well founded are your views. You cannot run a
business or design a complex product on the basis of audit results,
however good, but you should be able to spot the real strengths,
weaknesses and critical issues beneath thes uperficial.
To give an example: the future of networked systems is dominated
by the fact that we shall soon have access to vast bandwidth and
computer processing powera nd theu ncevtainty about how wec an use
it. It is important to keep them separatei n one’s mind and be able to
realise that it will be ’easy’ to search the entireo n-line databases of the
world for a well-specified item of data andr etrieve it in a fraction of a
second, but extremely difficult to design a computer that can, in any
true sense, understand a vocabulary of a few spoken phrases. This is
not always madec lear by the proselyteso f the new millennium.
As technologists we also tend to fall into the trap of assuming that
the process of education about thef uture is one-way, fromt echnology
to the rest. This is nonsense; what will happen is more likely to be
PREFACE
determined by social change and eternal verities, than by technology
alone. People needj obs, are more orl ess trusting and trustworthy; we
employ governments hopefully to fight our corners for us through
regulation and progressive taxation; sometimes wed emand they
protect us from moral outrage; at other times we fear they invade our
privacy. I havet ried to describeh ow these issues affect and are
affected by our newt echnology.
In the book, I have given an overview of the major themes, some-
times using self-contained "frames' that, in the absence of hypertext,
can be used by those interested in further explanation or detail. In
most cases, I have also tried to dissect, with some degreeo f rigour but
without assuming much technical knowledge, significant develop-
ments that are illustrative of the state of the art. I have also included
an appendix on very basic communication theory, as I believe an
appreciation of this greatly enhances one's understanding, althoughi t
is not necessary for the rest of the text. (Somewhat to my horror, I
realise that many computer engineers have had no training in this
area.)
To cover all this ina single text for a disparate readershipis not easy
- although, I believe, worthwhile - and I am sure I have only been
partially successful. Such success as I have had is very much due to
the many inspiring opportunitiesI have had to collect the gossip, the
knowledge and the wisdom of my former colleagues at BT Labora-
tories, my currentc olleagues at ComputerS cience in the University of
Leeds and my other friends around the world. They have given me
their time and their results very freely. I hope I have been able to do
justice to their achievements.
Bill Whyte
Leeds, 1998
[email protected]
Networked Futures: Trends for Communication Systems Development
W.S. Whyte
Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
ISBNs: 0-471-98794-8 (Hardback); 0-470-84185-0 (Electronic)
INDEX
Note: computing and telecommunications termsa bound with abbreviations, whicha re
more widely used than their expansions; consequently, this index uses abbreviations
where theya re the more commonly used form.
0800 service 269 AT+T 266
access ATM (Asynchronous Transfer
conditional 279-280 Mode) 13,40,52-60,81,87,
fair 263,266,268,276 345-6,3514
universal 19 attack, nuclear 44
access control 225 authentication 225,243,249,254,
accident 301 266-7
adaptive system3 39 automated order takin2g0 5
addressing 4546 automatic call diversion 324
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital automatic call generation 151
Subscriber Loop)6 1-63,81 automotive 334
advertising 282,312 avatar 24,357
aerospace 334
agent, enquiry1 50 B1-B bomber 335
agent, intelligent 25,67-68,70-72, bandwidth 32,36,49,50,362,366
305,330,338-341,359 channel 366,372-4
airline 301 fixed 52
airport 303 optical 93,112
alliance 277 variable 52
amplification 85,87 banking 215,337
amplification, optical 20 barge people2 88
analogue 8,33,363 base station 22,120,126,131,141-2
anchor point2 18 battery 153-155
animation 24 beacon 304
announcements, recorded3 8 behaviour, emergent7 2
answering machine 11,64,123,142 billing 16,41,62,271,276,277,283
answering service 40 bio-computing 360
architecture 28-82 biometrics 247,249-257,358
artificial intelligence 20,23-7,188, bit-rate 362
3 91,209,221,357-361 bit-rate, variable see also ‘bandwidth,
definition of 180 variable’ 51
for healthcare 347 bit-rate-limited 59
local 161 bit-tax 298
meta-tagging by2 89 blind people2 89
artificial neural network2 12-215,255 block enciphering 236
artificial personality 216 13ogart, Humphrey 207
386
INDEX
Bolognia 301 check-out 312
brand 318 China 299
bridge (in LAN4)2 Chinese lottery2 37-8
broadcast-and-select 105,106 cinema 313
broadcasting 279,282 ciphertext 232,233
digital 350,351 circuit 49,51
satellite (see also 'satellite') 15,17 circuit, integrated 21,22
terrestrial 15,299,311 circuit, switched 52
browser 44'68 circus 288
BSM (Broadband SwitchedM ass- citizen 262,297,298
market Services)2 72 classification 185,187
BT (British Telecom) 264,265,271 classification, linear 250
bucket, leaky 56-57 CL1 (Calling Line Identity) 117,124,
bugging 242,295 142,271
bus (electronic) 88 client 74,76
bus (motor) 301 client-server 41,79
clockwork 155
cabinet, street 61,87,102 close-up 220
cable companys ee 'company, cable' code, downloadable1 48
cable, coaxial 6,8, 15,31,60,61,84-6, collaborative authoring 328
94,117,166 collaborative manufacturing3 35,
cable, submarine 110,118,129,228 340
call-centre 6,287,299,323,359 collaborative visualisation3 434
calling, cashless 38 collaborative working3 28,348
CALS 334 commuting 5
capacity, channel9 1 company
capacity, fibre 97 cable 9, 13,60,61,62,85, 127,264,
car 301 271,279,350
car park 216,294,303,305 computer 13
car radio1 39 telecommunications 7,9,10,11,13,
car-thief 216 19,32,37,66,126,127,263,265,
cardiac resuscitator3 46 268,273,274,277,351
CAT 83 competition 262,275
catalogue (shopping)1 44,308-9 compression
cathode ray tube 357 data 84
CD-ROM 272,298,311 digital 128
CDMA 50,132-133,169 video 16
Ceefax 351 computer
CELESTRI 136 ATM 175-6
cell (ATM) 53-54 games 138,139,140
cell (radio) 120,122 home 15,66,67,75,138,139
cellular radio 120 laptop 153,155
censorship 291,297 network(ed) 146-9,165-6,276,277,
certification authority 247 325
CGI (Common Gateway Interface7)4 personal 16-18,21-3,30,50,65,
charges 6,38 143,146,1534,352
charging 269-270,273-274,279 portable 154
charging, reverse 124 virtual 23
INDEX 387
computing customers, domestic 9
distributed 73-75,80,81 customisation 321
parallel 238 cyberspace 3,19
performance 21
power 19 DARPA 178
concentrator 31 data-glove 335
confidentiality 224,225 database 13,16
congestion, traffic 5 datagram 4546,60
connection 36,4647,51 DCE (Distributed Computing
connection-based 166,175 Environment) 79
connection-oriented 356 decency 26,262,285,290-1
connectionism 213 deception 25
connectionless 51,166,175,356 defamation 26,358
consultant 223 delay
content 273-274 in ATM networks 52,176,345
contract 338 in computer networks 44,45,48,
control, call 32,35 353
control, congestion 45 in CORBA architecture 80
convergence 18,19,26,138,275-6, in satellite systems 129
280,285 limits on 11,17,36,67,86,327
convoy (vehicle) 303 video processing 158,371
cooperative design3 27 delay-limited 59
copyright 26,79,2814 Department of Defense 44,334,342
CORBA (Common Object Request DES (Data Encryption
Broker Architecture) 25,75,335, Standard) 237-239,243
340-341,356 design office, designer 327,331
CORBAfacilities 78 Desk Area Network1 76
CORBAservices 78 diagnosis, medical 2,83
cost 6,30,52,56,266-267,269,276 dialling, automatic 35
cost, transaction 337 dialling, short-code 38,142,249
couch potato 140 dialogue design2 04
coupler, optical 92,100 diamond scam 246
credit card2 6 diffraction grating 110
crime 26,306 digit, dialled 36
criminal 26,217,293 digital assistant3 56
cross-border 275 digital certificate 245,249
cross-media 279 digital signature2 92
cross-subsidy 265 direct marketing 323
crosstalk 62-63 directory 38,69,78,145,320
crypto 226,232-5,242 disability 26, 262,285,288,289,341
CSCW (Computer-Supported disaster 353
Cooperative Working)3 22, Discrete Cosine Transform 370,371
325-327 disintermediation 5,318
CTI (Computer-Telephony disk 1534,174-5
Integration) 151-2,308 dispersion 113
culture 281 display 22
customer service 15,16 distribution 306
customers, business 9,33 doctor 341