Netter’s 3rd Edition Clinical Anatomy John T. Hansen, PhD Professor of Neurobiology and Anatomy Associate Dean for Admissions University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York Illustrations by Frank H. Netter, MD Contributing Illustrators Carlos A.G. Machado, MD John A. Craig, MD James A. Perkins, MS, MFA 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste. 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 NETTER’S CLINICAL ANATOMY, THIRD EDITION ISBN: 978-1-4557-7008-3 Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. adkjfal adlkfja No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or 1 mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Permission for Netter Art figures may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Science Licensing Department in Philadelphia, PA: phone 1-800-523-1649, ext. 3276, or (215) 239-3276; or email [email protected]. Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. ISBN: 978-1-4557-7008-3 Senior Content Strategist: Elyse O’Grady Content Development Manager: Marybeth Thiel Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian Senior Project Manager: John Casey Senior Design Manager: Lou Forgione Illustration Buyer: Karen Giacomucci Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 I dedicate this book to my wife Paula, adkjfal adlkfja and to my children 1 Amy and Sean, and to my grandchildren Abigail, Benjamin and Jonathan. Without their unconditional love, presence, and encouragement, little would have been accomplished either personally or professionally. Because we’ve shared so much, this effort, like all the others, was multiauthored. This page intentionally left blank About the Artists adkjfal adlkfja Frank H. Netter, MD The Netter illustrations are appreciated not 1 only for their aesthetic qualities, but, more impor- Frank H. Netter was born in 1906, in New York tant, for their intellectual content. As Dr. Netter City. He studied art at the Art Students’ League wrote in 1949, “. . . clarification of a subject is the and the National Academy of Design before enter- aim and goal of illustration. No matter how beau- ing medical school at New York University, where tifully painted, how delicately and subtly rendered he received his medical degree in 1931. During his a subject may be, it is of little value as a medical student years, Dr. Netter’s notebook sketches illustration if it does not serve to make clear some attracted the attention of the medical faculty and medical point.” Dr. Netter’s planning, conception, other physicians, allowing him to augment his point of view, and approach are what inform his income by illustrating articles and textbooks. He paintings and what make them so intellectually continued illustrating as a sideline after establish- valuable. ing a surgical practice in 1933, but he ultimately Frank H. Netter, MD, physician and artist, died opted to give up his practice in favor of a full-time in 1991. commitment to art. After service in the United Learn more about the physician-artist whose States Army during World War II, Dr. Netter work has inspired the Netter Reference collection: began his long collaboration with the CIBA Phar- http://www.netterimages.com/artist/netter.htm. maceutical Company (now Novartis Pharmaceu- ticals). This 45-year partnership resulted in the Carlos Machado, MD production of the extraordinary collection of medical art so familiar to physicians and other Carlos Machado was chosen by Novartis to be medical professionals worldwide. Dr. Netter’s successor. He continues to be the In 2005, Elsevier, Inc., purchased the Netter main artist who contributes to the Netter collec- Collection and all publications from Icon Learn- tion of medical illustrations. ing Systems. More than 50 publications featuring Self-taught in medical illustration, cardiologist the art of Dr. Netter are available through Elsevier, Carlos Machado has contributed meticulous Inc. (in the US: www.us.elsevierhealth.com/Netter updates to some of Dr. Netter’s original plates and and outside the US: www.elsevierhealth.com). has created many paintings of his own in the style Dr. Netter’s works are among the finest exam- of Netter as an extension of the Netter collection. ples of the use of illustration in the teaching of Dr. Machado’s photorealistic expertise and his medical concepts. The 13-book Netter Collection keen insight into the physician/patient relation- of Medical Illustrations, which includes the greater ship informs his vivid and unforgettable visual part of the more than 20,000 paintings created by style. His dedication to researching each topic and Dr. Netter, became and remains one of the most subject he paints places him among the premier famous medical works ever published. The Netter medical illustrators at work today. Atlas of Human Anatomy, first published in 1989, Learn more about his background and see presents the anatomic paintings from the Netter more of his art at: http://www.netterimages.com/ Collection. Now translated into 16 languages, it is artist/machado.htm. the anatomy atlas of choice among medical and health professions students the world over. vii This page intentionally left blank About the Author adkjfal adlkfja John T. Hansen, PhD, is Professor of Neu- nationally recognized medical educators. Dr. 1 robiology and Anatomy, and Associate Dean for Hansen’s investigative career encompassed the Admissions at the University of Rochester School study of the peripheral and central dopaminergic of Medicine and Dentistry. Dr. Hansen served as systems, neural plasticity, and neural inflamma- Chair of the Department of Neurobiology and tion. In addition to about 100 research publica- Anatomy before becoming Associate Dean. Dr. tions, he is co-author of Netter’s Atlas of Human Hansen is the recipient of numerous teaching Physiology; the lead consulting editor of Netter’s awards from students at three different medical Atlas of Human Anatomy; author of Netter’s schools. In 1999, he was the recipient of the Anatomy Flash Cards, Essential Anatomy Dissec- Alpha Omega Alpha Robert J. Glaser Distin- tor, and Netter’s Anatomy Coloring Book; and guished Teacher Award given annually by the co-author of the TNM Staging Atlas with Association of American Medical Colleges to Oncoanatomy. ix
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