Net Theory and Applications: Proceedings of the Advanced Course on General Net Theory of Processes and Systems Hamburg, October 8–19, 1979 PDF
Preview Net Theory and Applications: Proceedings of the Advanced Course on General Net Theory of Processes and Systems Hamburg, October 8–19, 1979
erutceL Notes ni Computer Science Edited by .G Goos and .J Hartmanis 84 teN Theory dna snoitacilppA Proceedings of the Advanced Course on General Theory Net of Processes and Systems Hamburg, October 8-t9, 1979 Edited yb Wilfried Brauer II IIII Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork 1980 Editorial Board W. Brauer .P Brinch Hansen .D Gries C. Moler .G Seegm~ller .I. Stoer .N Wirth Editor W. Brauer Fachbereich Informatik, Universit~t Hamburg SchEiterstra6e 70, 2000 Hamburg 31 Course Directors Wilfried Brauer Universit~t Hamburg Carl Adam Petri Gesellschaft fur Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung mbH Bonn Brian Randell University of Newcastle upon Tyne AMS Subject Classifications 68-06, (1979): 68 20, B 68 B ,01 68 C99, 94A99, 93A99 CR Subject Classifications (1978): ,1.1 4.0, 5.20, 6.0 ISBN 3-540-10001-6 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 0-38?-10001-6 Springer-Verlag NewYork Heidelberg Berlin Thisw ork is subject to copyright. All rights whether are reserved, thweh ole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data Under § banks. 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than a private use, fee is payable to the publisher, the amount of the feteo be determined by agreement ht~w the publisher. © by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1980 Printed in Germany Printing and binding: Beltz Offsetdruck, Hemsbach/Bergstr. 2145/3140-543210 PREFACE Complex organizations and their ~ehaviours cannot be adequately described by classical sequential system models; the problems related to concurrency of actions of different subunits, to conflicts between local and global goals to limitations of resources, to different levels of exactness of descriptions, to different types of interfaces between different types of machines and dif- ferent types of users, to different types of information flows etc. necessi- tate new approaches. C.A. Petri realized this already ni the early sixties and developed what si now called Petri nets and moreover the general net theory of processes and systems. But only since a few years, since the prac- tical problems ni informatics and sti applications have made the need for such a theory of non sequential processes and systems more obvious, an ever- growing number of informaticians have joined the field and have contributed to the development of the theory or have applied ti to practical problems. I believe that net theory will become one important part of the theoretical foundations of informatics and, as well, a very u~eful engineering tool for many parts of informatics and sti applications. But up to now Petri net the- ory si not known widely and well enough ni the community of informaticians. And at least until the beginning of the Advanced Course on General Net Theory of Processes and Systems even within the relatively small group of net theo- rists and net users communication was not too good. During the course we learned that net theory si much more diverse with respect to topics, models, notions and notations as well as with respect to the way ti si pursued and developed than ti was known to anyone before. We had much more applications for participation then we could accept. Finally there were 114 participants (including lecturers) from 71 countries. They came from universities and research centres, from computer industry and from users. A great need for more con#acts, more information was felt. Thus, du- ring the course the special interest group "Petri Nets and Related System Models" of the Geseilschaft fur Informatik (GI) decided to change sti "Rund- brief" into a newsletter (publication language English) which will now serve as an international forum for the quick exchange of informations on the fur- ther development of the field (For information write to H.-J.Genrich). Already ni the preparation phase of the course(in particular ni a one week preparatory VI seminar) we (the lecturers and the course directors) paid great attention to meet, among others, the following goals to be as comprehensive as possible, - to find a consistent and widely adopted terminology and notation, - - to present coherent, non-redundant course material. Nevertheless the actual experience during the course lead to many improvements of the material which si now presented ni these proceedings. The course was the first occasion to present net theory and sti applications to a wider public end this volume si the first and rather comprehensive pub- lication on that topic. One part of the course materiel si not included into this book, but ti si available from GMD: A Bibliography of Net Theory by °E Pless and .H PIUnnecke tI comprises already almost 100 pages and will be updated constantly. There was one extra invited talk, given by .rD .G Plotkin, Department of Arti- ficial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh, on "Petri Nets and Denotational Semantics"whereG. Plotkin gave a short introduction to denotationel semantics and discussed the following topics: - nets as syntax nets as semantic values (computations) - - nets as domains (types of computations). The main points of this lecture are contained ni Nielsen, ;.M Piotkin, ;.G Winskel, G.: Petri Nets, Event Structures and Domains :ni .G Kahn (ed.) Semantics of Concurrent Computation, LNCS Vol. ,07 Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1979, pp 266-284. At the third day of the course, the Department of Informatics of the Univer- sity of Hamburg awarded the degree of honorary doctor of sciences to one of the lecturers - to Konrad Zuse, who designed and constructed the first fully functioning program-controlled digital computer, who developed already ni 1945 a very high leavleglo rithmic language, the "Plankalk~l", and who still contributes to the development of informatics and sti applications. The lec- tures given at the festive colloquium on that occasion and some more informa- tions on Zuses work will be published as a special monograph by the Springer- Verlag. V I very much hope that this course and these proceedings contribute to an intensification of research on non-sequential processes and systems and to a wider use of net theory. Hamburg, February 1980 Wilfried Brauer STNEv4.CDELWO~CA The Advanced Course on General Net Theory of Processes and Systems was held under the auspices of and financed yb the Commission of the European Commu- nities and the Minister for Research and Technology of the Federal Republic of Germany. The course was organized by the Department of Informatics of the University of Hamburg ni cooperation with the institute for Information Systems Research of the Gesellschaft fur Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung m.b.H. Bonn (GMD). But the course would not have taken place and would not have been so success- luf fi not quite a number of other institutions and of persons had supported the organisers ni many ways or had worked with enthusiasm, ardour and perse- verance for the course. nI the name of the course participants I would like to thank them lla parti- cularly - but can I only name a few of them here: The two other Course Directors: .C ,A Petri, .B Randell The lecturers: .E Best, H.-J. Genrich, .C Girault, .M Jantzen, .K Lautenbach, .J .D Noe, .H Oberquelle, .S .S Patil, C. .A Petri, .G Plot- kin, .G Roucairol, .R .M Shapiro, .J Sifakis, .P .S Thiaga- rajan, .R Valk, .K Zuse Those who were mainly involved ni the organization and whom I personally would like to give my sincere thanks: Dipl.-Inform. .G Friesland, chairman of the organization committee ni Hamburg who was ni charge of lla organizational aspects of the planning, preparation and running of the course and often had to act as a substitute of the Course Directors. .rD .H FuB~ GMD~ who was ni charge of the organisation of the preparatory seminar ni April 1979 ni the GMD and of the printing of the course material which was done by GMD. Mrs. .G Mercker, head of the administration of the Department of Informatics of the University of Hamburg, who was responsible for lla administrative, especially lla financial affairs. Dipl.-Kfm. C.-H. Schuiz, who was as a part-time employee my general secretary and executive and had to do almost everything since lla the others involved could work for the course only ni their spare time. IIV Those informatics students ni Hamburg who worked part-time for the course, ni particular .B Heinemann who not onry acted as the main assistant to the organizers, Friesland and Schulz, but was also one of the tutors of the wor- king groups formed by the course participants, and was, moreover, our course photographer. We were particularly thankful to the Department of Mathematics of the Univer- sity of Hamburg which allowed us to use sti new building with lla sti facili- ties even during the first week of the semester. special thanks are due to - the President of the University of Hamburg and the university administration, - the Senator for Science and Research of the State of Hamburg, - the board of directors and the administration of the GMD. Several participants, ni particular some from non-EC countries, would not have been able to come and several items on the course program which contri- buted considerably to the well-being of the participants would not have oc- cured fi we had not got generous grants from Arthur Andersen & Co. G.m.b.H., Hamburg Axel Springer-Verlag, Hamburg Burroughs G.m.b.H., Eschborn/Taunus Control Data G.m.b.H., Frankfurt/Main Digital Equipment, Hamburg Eppendorfer Ger~tebau, Netheler & Hinz G.m.b.H., Hamburg Gesellschaft f~r Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung m.b.H., Bonn IBM Deutschland G.m.b.H., Stuttgart Philips G.m.b.H. Forschungslaboratorium, Hamburg Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, MOnchen Universit~t Hamburg Last but not least, many thanks to the Springer-Verlag for publishing these proceedings ni the LNCS series. Wilfried Brauer ~ S Preface Acknowledgments INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL NET THEORY .G A. Petri ELEMENTS OF GENERAL NET THEORY 12 H. J. Genriah, K. Lautenbach, P. .S Thiagarajan Preface 23 - Condition/Event Systems 25 - Information Flow ni Condition/Event Systems 39 - Bipolar Synchronization Systems 54 - Predicate/Transition Nets 76 - Net Completions of CE Systems 93 - Nets and Logic 60! - - Synchrony Theory 125 - The Category of Nets 931 Summary, Acknowledgments 851 - References 951 - FORMAL PROPERTIES OF PLACE/TRANSITION NETS 561 M. Jantzen, R. Falk Basic Properties of Net Behaviour 166 - Complexity of Basic Problems 971 - Marking Classes and Presburger Formulas 189 - - Synthesis by State Machines and the Deadlock Trap Property 791 Appendix 207 - References 210 - LINEAR ALGEBRA NI NET THEORY 213 .G Memo .G Roueairol Basic Definitions and Notations 214 - - Structural Properties of Nets and Their Algebraic Characterization 214 - Correlation of Structural Properties 217 Decomposition of Invariants and Applications 218 - Example 122 - Bibliography 222 - ATOMICITY OF ACTIVITIES 225 .E Best - Introduction 226 - Structured Occurrence Graphs 230 The Atomicity Criterion 235 - Implementation of Atomicity 239 - - Error Recovery ni Decentralised Systems 242 Conclusion, Acknowledgments 249 - - References 250 CONCURRENCY 152 C. A. Petrl THE RELATIVE STRENGTH OF K-DENSITY 162 .E Best - Introduction 262 Characterization of K-density 264 - Stronger Axioms: Various Degrees of Finiteness 270 - Weaker Axioms: Various Degrees of Discreteness 172 - - Interpretation 273 - Conclusion, Acknowledgments 275 References 276 - REDUCTIONS OF NETS AND PARALLEL PROGRAMS 277 .G Berthe~ot, .G Roucairol~ .R Valk Reductions of Transition Systems 277 - Reductions of Place/Transition Nets 281 - Reductions of Parallel Programs 287 - References 290 -
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