Negative Neighbourhood Reputation and Place Attachment: The Production and Contestation of Territorial Stigma

275 Pages·2017·3.15 MB·English

by  Paul Kirkness, Andreas Tije-Dra

Negative Neighbourhood Reputation
and Place Attachment
The concept of territorial stigma, as developed in large part by the urban sociologist
Loïc Wacquant, contends that certain groups of people are devalued, discredited
and tainted by the reputation of the place where they reside.
This book argues that this theory is more relevant and comprehensive than
others that have been used to frame and understand ostracised neighbourhoods
and their populations (for example, segregation and the racialisation of place) and
allows for an inclusive interpretation of the many spatial facets of marginalisation
processes. Advancing conceptual understanding of how territorial stigmatisation
and its components unfold materially as well as symbolically, this book presents
a wide range of case studies from the Global South and Global North, includ-
ing an examination of recent policy measures that have been applied to deal
with the consequences of territorial stigmatisation. It introduces readers to ter-
ritorial stigmatisation’s strategic deployment but also illustrates, in a number of
regional contexts, the attachments that residents at times develop for the stigma-
tised places in which they live and the potential counter-forces that are developed
against territorial stigmatisation by a variety of different groups.
Paul Kirkness is a Lecturer in Human Geography at the University of Erlangen-
Nürnberg, Germany.
Andreas Tijé-Dra is a Human Geographer at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg,
Germany.
Global Urban Studies
Series Editor: Laura Reese
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and economic processes and issues in urban areas across the US and the world,
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Governing Urban Regions Through Collaboration
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Edited by Peter Herrle, Astrid Ley and Josefine Fokdal
Cities at Risk
Planning for and Recovering from Natural Disasters
Edited by Pierre Filion, Gary Sands and Mark Skidmore
Negative Neighbourhood Reputation and Place Attachment
The Production and Contestation of Territorial Stigma
Edited by Paul Kirkness and Andreas Tijé-Dra
Negative Neighbourhood
Reputation and Place
Attachment
The Production and Contestation
of Territorial Stigma
Edited by
Paul Kirkness and Andreas Tijé-Dra
First published 2017
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2017 selection and editorial matter, Paul Kirkness and Andreas Tijé-Dra;
individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Paul Kirkness and Andreas Tijé-Dra to be identified as the
authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual
chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
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any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
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Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-1-4724-7552-7 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-59760-7 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK
Contents
List of illustrations vii
List of contributors ix
Acknowledgements xiii
1 Introduction: exploring urban tainted spaces 1
PAUL KIRKNESS AND ANDREAS TIJÉ-DRA
2 The stigmatisation of Las Vegas and its inhabitants: the
other side of the coin 9
PASCALE NÉDÉLEC
3 Imaginary politics of the branded city: right-wing terrorism
as a mediated object of stigmatisation 27
LUCAS POHL
4 Extensive territorial stigma and ways of coping with it:
the stigmatisation of the Roma in Italy and France 42
GAJA MAESTRI
5 Redlining or renewal? The space-based construction of
decay and its contestation through local agency in
Brixton, Johannesburg 60
CHRISTOPH HAFERBURG AND MARIE HUCHZERMEYER
6 The ‘not so good’, the ‘bad’ and the ‘ugly’: scripting the
‘badlands’ of Housing Market Renewal 81
LEE CROOKES
7 Opening the reputational gap 102
HAMISH KALLIN
vi Contents
8 Voices from the quartiers populaires: belonging to
stigmatised French urban neighbourhoods 119
PAUL KIRKNESS AND ANDREAS TIJÉ-DRA
9 ‘This is my “Wo”’: making home in Shanghai’s
Lower Quarter 138
YUNPENG ZHANG
10 From Social Hell to Heaven? The intermingling
processes of territorial stigmatisation, agency from
below and gentrification in the Varjão, Brazil 158
SHADIA HUSSEINI DE ARAÚJO AND EVERALDO BATISTA DA COSTA
11 Researching territorial stigma with social housing tenants:
tenant-led digital media production about people and place 178
DALLAS ROGERS, MICHAEL DARCY AND KATHY ARTHURSON
12 ‘You have got to represent your ends’: youth territoriality
in London 194
ADEFEMI ADEKUNLE
13 Call it by its proper name! Territory-ism and territorial
stigmatisation as a dynamic model: the case of Old Naledi 216
KLAUS GEISELHART
14 Territorial stigmatisation, gentrification and class struggle:
an interview with Tom Slater 235
INTERVIEWED BY PAUL KIRKNESS AND ANDREAS TIJÉ-DRA
15 Conclusion: tainted urban spaces at the intersection of
urban planning, politics of identity and urban capitalism 252
PAUL KIRKNESS AND ANDREAS TIJÉ-DRA
Index 257
Illustrations
Figures
4.1 Protesters attending the demonstration in Bologna wave a banner
stating, ‘With the Roma and Sinti, against all forms of racism,
to defend a common humanity’ 49
4.2 Residents and volunteers of the informal settlements in Grigny
work together at the construction of the shack 52
4.3 Residents of the official settlement in Ris Orangis gather
for a party 53
4.4 The apartment of a Roma family in the main building of
Metropoliz 55
5.1 Brixton is part of Johannesburg’s diversifying east-west axis,
north of the mining belt 68
5.2 High- and low-income distribution across Johannesburg, 2011 69
5.3 Tenure status in Brixton, 2001–2011 72
5.4 Map of Brixton’s key facilities and areas in which professionals’
homes were identified 74
5.5 A century-old building, earmarked ‘off-limits’ by credit-lending
institutions due to redlining, and the same building after credit
was finally granted – renovated and extended to the back 74
7.1 The rent gap model 104
10.1 The Varjão, its surrounding wealthy neighbourhoods
and Brasília 162
12.1 Survey area details and map N = 430 201
13.1 A basic framework of stigma and discrimination 223
Tables
5.1 Residents according to apartheid population groups in Brixton
as compared to Johannesburg as a whole 71
viii List of illustrations
12.1 Number and percentage of young people who could name an
area/estate they had crime/safety concerns about 203
13.1 Measures to reduce or enhance stereotypes 229
Box
12.1 Selection of questions within the Community Survey 202
Contributors
Adefemi Adekunle is a researcher whose focus is based around scrutinising
young people on their own terms. He is Lecturer at Newman University in the
‘Working with Children and Young People’ team in Birmingham. As a PhD
student at UCL, he worked at the Runnymede Trust, researching the intersec-
tion of race, space, youth and identity. His present research interests are based
around his work and experiences as a detached youth worker.
Kathy Arthurson is Director of Neighborhoods, Housing and Health at Flinders
Research Unit, Flinders University of South Australia. Her past experiences
as a senior policy analyst in a range of positions including public health,
housing and urban policy are reflected in the nature of her research, which
is applied research grounded in broader concepts concerning social inclu-
sion, inequality, and social justice. She is currently completing an Australian
Research Council funded Future Fellowship exploring the links between
urban planning policy and health.
Everaldo Batista da Costa is Professor at the University of Brasília (Brazil) and
holds a PhD in Geography (University of São Paulo, Brazil). He is currently
doing postdoctoral research at the University of São Paulo and the National
Autonomous University of Mexico. He is particularly interested in urban
geography and explores urbanisation and patrimonialisation processes in Latin
American cities.
Lee Crookes is a University Teacher in the Department of Urban Studies and
Planning at the University of Sheffield. Lee’s PhD conceptualised the imple-
mentation of the British Labour government’s Housing Market Renewal pro-
gramme as a form of state-led ‘gentrification by bulldozer’ and, focusing on
three urban areas in the north of England, his research examined the impacts of
the programme on those households whose homes were targeted for demolition.
Having witnessed the harm that planning can do to people and places, Lee has
been working on a collaborative research project with the Town and Country
Planning Association that seeks to reconnect planning to the lives of ordinary
people through the reinvention of the ideas and practice of social town plan-
ning. Working closely with marginalised communities, Lee is also committed
to engaged scholarship and community-led research.