Table Of Content

Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. 1 R4W United States 05 National Potato Department of Agriculture Germplasm Agricultural Research Service and Evaluation ARS-139 August 1996 Enhancement Report, 995 1 Annual Report Sixty-Sixth by Cooperators rzo c~> CO ~n LO-J > United States National Potato Department of Agriculture Germplasm Agricultural Research Service and Evaluation ARS-139 August 1996 Enhancement Report, 995 1 Sixty-Sixth Annual Report by Cooperators Edited by Kathleen G. Haynes Vegetable Laboratory Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture MD 20705 Beltsville, ; Haynes, Kathleen G. (ed.). 1996. National Potato To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Agriculture, U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Report, 1995: Sixty-Sixth Annual Report by Washington, DC 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 Cooperators. U.S. Department ofAgriculture, (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an Agricultural Research Service, ARS-139, 254 pp. equal employment opportunity employer. This progress report includes research results that have notyet been peer reviewed. The findings, when adequately confirmed, will be released through other appropriate channels. The report is reproduced essentially as supplied bythe authors. It received minimal publications editing and design. The authors’ views are their own and do not necessarily reflectthose ofthe U.S. Department ofAgriculture. Mention oftrade names in this publication is solelyforthe purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement bythe U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned. This publication reports research involving pesticides. Itdoes not contain recommendations fortheir use nor does it implythat uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State or Federal agencies or both before they can be recommended. While supplies last, single copies ofthis publication may be obtained at no cost from Kathleen G. Haynes, Vegetable Laboratory, Building Oil, Greenhouse 13, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705. Copies ofthis publication may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 telephone (703) 487^4650. The United States Department ofAgriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases applyto all programs.) Personswith disabilitieswho require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contactthe USDA Office ofCommunications at (202) 720-2791. Issued August 1996 Contents United States DepartmentofAgriculture, Beltsville, MD, New York, Long Island 170 and Presque Isle, ME 1 J.B. Sieczka, I.D. Rybus, R.C. Neese, D.D. Moyer, and K.G. Haynes, R.W. Goth, and K.O. DeLong D.M. Gergela United States Department ofAgriculture, Madison, WI...24 NorthCarolina 186 R.E. Hanneman, Jr., M.J. Havey, A.J. Hamernik, S.A. W.W. Collins and R. Schiavone Jackson, and M. Ramon North Dakota 199 NorthCentral Regional PotatoTrials 29 G. Secor, B. Farnsworth, M. Schwalbe, J. Lorenzen, G.A. Secor, B. Farnsworth, andCooperators R. Novy, E. Holm, N. Gudmestad, J. Sowokinos, D. Preston, N. Balbyshev, and R. Lund Western Regional PotatoVariety Trial 40 J.J. Pavek, D.L. Corsini, andCooperators Ohio 212 R. Hassell, D.M. Kelly, E.C. Wittmeyer, J. Elliott, and Inter-regional Potato Introduction Project E. Grassbaugh (NRSP-6) 48 ^ J.B. Bamberg andM.W. Martin Oregon 217 A.R. Mosley, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, K.A. Rykbost, Colorado 52 C.C. Shock, B.A. Charlton, C.J. Meads, J. Maxwell, and D.G. Holm andJ.D. Wick J.K. Ishida Idaho 61 Pennsylvania 229 S. Love, J. Pavek, D. Corsini, M. Ruby, J. Stimpson, B.J. Christ, M.W. Peck, and D.M. Petrunak M. Powelson, and D. Inglis Texas 233 Maine 79 J.C. Miller, Jr., and D.G. Smallwood G.A. Porter, J.A. Sisson, and B. MacFarline Virginia 242 Maine 92 S.B. Sterrett andC.P. Savage, Jr. A.F. Reeves, G.S. Grounds, and A.A. Davis Michigan 95 D.S. Douches, R.W. Chase, K. Jastrzebski, R. Hammerschmidt, C. Long, D. Maas, P. Hudy, and K. Walters Nebraska 105 A.D. Pavlista New Jersey 109 M.R. Henninger New York, Upstate 145 D.E. Halseth, W.L. Hymes, R.W. Porter, and R.L. MacLaury New York 167 R.L. Plaisted, B.B. Brodie, D.E. Halseth, S.A. Slack, W.M. Tingey, and K.D. Paddock iii United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville from each plot were processed (20 samples per Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, clone). and Presque Isle, Maine K.G. Haynes, R.W. Goth, and K.O. DeLong Tuber samples from all yield trials except the russets were processed into potato chips by taking 1/16-inch Introduction slices from the cross section of each tuber. Slices were rinsed in water and placed on paper towels to Objectives: The USDA potato breeding program at remove excess moisture. Chips were then fried at Beltsville has four main objectives: (1) to develop 340 F in Primex vegetable shortening until bubbling improved pest-resistant germplasm; (2) to develop ceased. improved germplasm for processing; (3) to enhance germplasm for specific characteristics relating to Almost all of the round white selections processed yield, environmental stress, human nutrition, and well in January from 50 F and 45 F. B1071-20 and consumer acceptance; and, (4) to develop statistical B7200-33 were noticable exceptions. None of the genetic models for some of the new breeding selections processed well from 40 F. However, strategies. B0178-34, BQ717-1, B0766-3 B1016-3, and B1157-5 reconditionedwell from40F storage. B0178-34was Breeding the best processing selection from all three storage temperature regimes in February. Hybridizations in the greenhouses at Beltsville in early 1995 were made among tetraploid clonal Tuber samples from the russet yield trial were material possessing resistance to late blight, scab, processed into french fries. A 3/8-inch diameterplug Fusarium and soft rot; high quality; and either was cut from the cross section ofeach tuber, rinsed, processing and fresh market potential. Six hundred dried, and fried at 365 F for five minutes. eighty crosses were successful. Bulk pollinations were made among 288 diploid clones from the high Four russet selections from the Beltsville program specific gravitypopulationafter these clones failedto processed well from50 F storage in January: B0835- produce fruit in the field in 1994. 11, B0915-3, B1004-8, and B9922-11. None of the selections or cultivars tested processed well from 40 Processing Evaluations F. Only oneselection, B1004-8, processed well from 50 F, 45 F, and following reconditioning in January Yield trials for round whites (Tables 1-4), russets and February. B0767-2 is a russet potato with good (Table 5), 4x-2x hybrids (Table 6) and specialty resistance to late blight. Unfortunately, it is a low market types (Table7) were conducted at Echo Lake. yielder and does not process. These were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications of 25 hills from May Several of the selections in the 4x-2x yield trial 15-16. Plants were spaced 9 inches within the row yielded as well as Atlantic. However, only one, for all trials except the russet trial, for which plants B1070-88, had a specific gravity equal to Atlantic. were spaced 12 inches within the row. At harvest Three of the selections produced acceptable colored tubers from each plot were graded, specific gravity potato chips out of 50 F storage in December: was determined by the weight in air and weight in B1066-23, B1068-78 and B1070-8. However, the water method, and a sample of tubers was cut to low specific gravity of B1066-23 would limit its use determine the presence of hollow heart. Tuber in processing. B1070-88 inherited short tuber samples were stored at 40 F, 45 F, and 50 F. dormancy from its diploid parent. A few of these Tubers were processed out of 45 F, 50 F, and selectionswillcontinuetobeevaluated for their fresh followinga three week reconditioningperiod of70 F market potential. from cold storage at 40 F during January and February for the roundwhiteand russet trials. These The best yielding entries in the specialty market trial same selections were also processed out of 40 F in were Red Pontiac and B0967-11. B0967-11 is a January. Selections in the 4x-2x hybrid and round-oblong, purple-skinned selection with specialty market trials were processed out of50 F in moderately high specific gravity. B0811-13 is a red- December. For each combination of storage skinned,yellow-fleshentrywithacceptableyieldsand temperature and processing date, 5 tubers per sample only moderate specific gravity. The skin on B0811- 13 tends to be heavy-netted, which may detract from 1 its appearance, or, conversely, may serve as an identifying cultivar characteristic for marketing as a yellow-flesh selection. Several growers have expressed an interest in this selection and will be evaluating it in 1996. 2