Nation Building: Why Some Countries Come Together While Others Fall Apart

374 Pages·2018·4.029 MB·English

by  Andreas Wimmer

NATION BUILDING
Princeton Studies in Global and Comparative Sociology
Andreas Wimmer, Series Editor
Nation Building
Why Some
Countries Come
Together While
Others Fall Apart
Andreas Wimmer
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
PRINCETON AND OXFORD
Copyright © 2018 by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press,
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Jacket design by Amanda Weiss
All Rights Reserved
ISBN 978- 0- 691- 17738-0
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Wimmer, Andreas, author.
Title: Nation building : why some countries come together while others fall
apart / Andreas Wimmer.
Description: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, 2018. | Series:
Princeton studies in global and comparative sociology | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017009584 | ISBN 9780691177380 (hardback)
Subjects: LCSH: Political development. | BISAC: SOCIAL SCIENCE / Sociology / General. |
POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Ideologies / Nationalism. | POLITICAL SCIENCE / Peace. |
SOCIAL SCIENCE / Research. | PHILOSOPHY / Political. | SOCIAL SCIENCE / Statistics.
Classification: LCC JC336 .W56 2018 | DDC 320.1—dc23 LC record available
at https://LCCN.loc.gov/2017009584
British Library Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available
This book has been composed in Adobe Text Pro
Printed on acid- free paper. ∞
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my father, finally

CONTENTS
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
A Note to the Reader on the Online Appendix xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction 1
1 A Relational Theory and Nested Methods 23
2 Voluntary Organizations: Switzerland versus Belgium 45
3 Public Goods: Botswana versus Somalia 69
4 Communicative Integration: China versus Russia 113
5 Political Integration: Evidence from Countries around the World 171
6 Identifying with the Nation: Evidence from a Global Survey 209
7 Is Diversity Detrimental? 229
8 Policy Implications with Some Lessons Learned from Afghanistan 249
Appendix A: Supplement to Chapter 1 (Online) 267
Appendix B: Supplement to Chapter 4 269
Appendix C: Supplement to Chapter 5 271
Appendix D: Supplement to Chapter 6 285
Appendix E: Supplement to Chapter 7 297
Appendix F: Supplement to Chapter 8 305
Notes 307
References 319
Index 337
vii

FIGURES
0.1. Determinants of nation building 15
0.2. The argument in a nutshell 20
1.1. An inclusionary (left panel) and exclusionary (right panel)
configuration of power 25
1.2. Nation building and ethnic diversity around the world, 1945–2010 25
1.3. Nation building and democracy around the world, 1945–2010 26
1.4. Size of the excluded population over time in South Africa and
Mexico, 1946–2010 39
1.5. Average pride in country over time in Bosnia and
the United States 39
3.1. A simplified genealogical map of Somali clans (without southern
agricultural clans) 94
4.1. Languages of contemporary China 116
4.2. Language tree for Sinitic 117
5.1. Predicted size of the excluded population in 98
countries that became independent after 1945 188
6.1. Configurations of ethnopolitical power 213
8.1. Average levels of ethnopolitical exclusion in old and new
countries, 1945–2010 250
8.2. Average literacy rates in old and new countries, 1945–2010 251
8.3. Average number of voluntary organizations per capita in the
world, 1970–2005 252
A.1. of the online appendix. Proportion of excluded population
in each country over time (online)
A.2. of the online appendix. National pride in each country
over time (online)
D.1. Example of a nested system of ethnic classification 294
D.2. Sample size and correlations between average responses
across surveys 295
D.3. A Boolean model of national pride (individual-level variables
not shown) 296
ix