NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20080008827: Optical filter having coupled whispering-gallery-mode resonators

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United States Patent
(12) (io) Patent No.: US 6,987,914 B2
Savchenkov et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 17,2006
OPTICAL FILTER HAVING COUPLED (56) References Cited
WHISPERING-GALLERY-MODE
RESONATORS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
5,204,640 A 411993 Logan ........................... 33119
Inventors: Anatoliy Savchenkov, La Crescenta, 5,220,292 A 611993 Bianchini et al. ........... 33111 R
CA (US); Vladimir Ilchenko, La 5,723,856 A 311998 Yao et al. 2501227.11
Canada, CA (US); Lutfollah Maleki, 5,777,778 A 711998 Yao ............................ 3591245
Pasadena, CA (US); Timothy A. 5,917,179 A 611999 Yao ....................... 2501227.11
Handley, Santa Barbara, CA (US) 5,929,430 A 711999 Yao et al. 2501205
6,009,115 A 1211999 Ho .............................. 372192
6,178,036 B1 112001 Yao ............................ 3591334
Assignee: California Institute of Technology,
6,195,187 B1 * 212001 Soref et al. .................... 39819
Pasadena, CA (US)
6,389,197 B1 512002 Iltchenko et al. ............. 385128
6,417,957 B1 712002 Yao 3391334
Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,473,218 B1 1012002 Maleki et al. .............. 3591245
patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,476,959 B2 1112002 Yao ............................ 3591334
U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 6,487,233 B2 1112002 Maleki et al. 3721108
6,488,861 B2 1212002 Itchenko et al. .............. 216124
Appl. No. 10/702,201
(Continued)
Filed: Nov. 4, 2003
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Prior Publication Data Logan, et al.; Stabilization of Oscillator Phase Using a
Fiber-optic Delay-Line; 1991; 45thA nnual Symposium on
US 200410240781 A1 Dec. 2, 2004
Frequency Control; pps 508-512.
Related U.S. Application Data
(Continued)
Continuation-in-part of application No. 101441,946,
Primary Examiner-Akm Enayet Ullah
filed on May 19, 2003, now Pat. No. 6,922,497.
Assistant Examiner-Daniel Petkovsek
Provisional application No. 601425,019, filed on Nov. (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Fish & Richardson P.C.
8,2002, provisional application No. 601381,588, filed
on May 17, 2002. (57) ABSTRACT
Int. C1. Optical filters having at least two coupled whispering-
G02B 6/26 (2006.0 1) gallery-mode (WGM) optical resonators to produce a second
G02B 6/42 (2006.0 1) order or higher order filter function with a desired spectral
U.S. C1. ............................ 385/50; 385115; 385127; profile. At least one of the coupled WGM optical resonators
385128; 372132; 372192; 372196; 3721108 may be tunable by a control signal to adjust the filtering
Field of Classification Search .................. 385115, function.
385127,28,50; 372132, 92, 96, 108
See application file for complete search history. 23 Claims, 13 Drawing Sheets
US 6,987,914 B2
Pane 2
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS OTHER PUBLICATIONS
6,490,039 B2 1212002 Maleki et al. .............. 3561436 L.E. Myers, et al.; Quasi-phase matched optical parametric
6,535,328 B2 312003 Yao ............................ 3591334 oscillators in bulk periodically poled LiNbO,; Nov. 1995; J.
6,567,436 B1 512003 Yao et al. Opt. SOC.A m. Bivol. 12, NO. 11; PPS. 2102-2116.
6,580,532 B1 612003 Yao et al.
X. Steve Yao, et al.; Converting Light into Spectrally Pure
6,580,851 B1 * 612003 Vahala et al. ................. 385130
Microwave Oscillation; Apr. 1996; Optics Letters, vol. 21,
6,594,061 B2 712003 Huang et al.
NO. 7; PPS. 483-485.
6,718,083 B2 412004 Lopes et al. .
6,762,869 B2 712004 Maleki et al. .............. 3591239 H. Ito, et al.; InPDnGaAs uni-travelling-carrier photodiode
6,819,837 B2 * 1112004 Li et al. 385139 with 310 GHz receiver; Oct. 12, 2000; Electronics Letters,
6,871,025 B2 312005 Maleki et al. .............. 3981183 VO~36. , NO. 21; PPS. 1809-1810.
200210018611 A1 212002 Maleki et al. ................ 385115 V. Ilchenko, et al.; Sub-Micro Watt Photonic Microwave
200210039470 A1 * 412002 Bruan et al. .................. 385150 Receiver, Nov. 2002; IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,
200210044739 A1 412002 Vahala et al. ................. 385130 VO~1.4 , NO. 11; PPS. 1602-1604.
200310012504 A1 112003 Itchenko ...................... 385139
200310231826 A1 * 1212003 Boyd et al. ................... 385127 * cited by examiner
US. Patent
Jan. 17,2006 Sheet 1 of 13 US 6,987,914 B2
FIGm 1
100
102
--)I*
r’ = R-r
FIGm 2
Z
101
I
/I0*
A
200
2b
... .........-, : :.__.______.__.__ _ ............. -----.--.-
l4
b
D=2a
US. Patent
Jan. 17,2006 Sheet 2 of 13 US 6,987,914 B2
FIG. 3
,102
.......... ..... .............. .. . .....
FIG. 4A FIG. 4B
J
Sharp 401A
400
Edge
40
402
4018
FIG. 5A
FIG. 5B
Angled
Fiber Tip
Cavity
Cavity
Fiber
Prism
US. Patent
Jan. 17,2006 Sheet 3 of 13 US 6,987,914 B2
FIG. 6A
631
L632
FIG. 6B
5-
0-
-
-5
-
-10
m
m
-15-
c
.0-
a -20 -
.a-
f -
-25
Ec
-
-30
-
-35
-
-40
7!
-45 I I I I I I I
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency, GHz
US. Patent
Jan. 17,2006 Sheet 4 of 13 US 6,987,914 B2
F/G. 7A
0.12
0.1 0
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-200 0 200 400 600 800
Laser frequency detuning, MHz
FIG. 76
Lineshape of two-pole microresonator filter
(increased S/N obtained by IO MHz FM spectroscopy)
c-
.0-
.v- ) -IO
v)
E
p
-20
eii
-40
3
4L
-50
G
-6_0_
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Laser frequency detuning, MHz
US. Pate nt Jan. 17,2006 Sheet 5 of 13 US 6,987,914 B2
FIG. 8
632
+
620
-
601
622
US. Patent
Jan. 17,2006 Sheet 6 of 13 US 6,987,914 B2
FIG. 9A
61 2 601
631
I,
910 -XI-------- L""'
622
FIG. 98
-
/ -601
612 610
un
x--------
910 L""'
Cavity
Control - c- !
901 620
- 1 /
920 622
US. Patent
Jan. 17,2006 Sheet 7 of 13 US 6,987,914 B2
FIG. IOA
Input
Coupler
1000
f I
612
/-
631
WGM Resonator
(Electrodes)
FIG. IOB
1000 1011 (Upper Electrode)
/-
Electro-Optic WGM
Resonator
1012
(Lower Electrode)
US. Patent Jan. 17,2006 Sheet 8 of 13 US 6,987,914 B2
FIG. If