NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20020034930: An Experimental Study of the Effect of Shared Information on Pilot/Controller Re-Route Negotiation

115 Pages·11.7 MB·English

by  NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

AN EXPERIMENTALSTUDY OF
THE EFFECT OF SHARED INFORMATION ON
PILOT/CONTROLLER RE-ROUTE NEGOTIATION
Todd C. Farley and R. John Hansman
Report No. ICAT-99-1
January 1999
MIT International Center for Air Transportation
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF
SHARED INFORMATION ON PILOT/CONTROLLER
RE-ROUTE NEGOTIATION
Todd C. Farley and R. John Hansman
MITInternational Center forAirTransportation
Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
January 1999
ICAT-99-1

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SHARED INFORMATION
ON PILOT/CONTROLLER RE-ROUTE NEGOTIATION
Abstract
Air-ground data link systems are being developed to enable pilots and air traffic controllers to
share information more fully. The sharing of information is generally expected to enhance their
shared situation awareness and foster more collaborative decision making.
An exploratory, part-task simulator experiment is described which evaluates the extent to which
shared information may lead pilots and controllers to cooperate or compete when negotiating
route amendments. The results, indicate an improvement in situation awareness for pilots and
controllers and a willingness to work cooperatively.
Independent of data link considerations, the experiment also demonstrates the value of providing
controllers with a good-quality weather representation on their plan view displays. Observed
improvements in situation awareness and separation assurance are discussed. It is argued that
deployment of this relatively simple, low-risk addition to the plan view displays be accelerated.
This document is based on the thesis of Todd Farley, submitted in partial fulfillment of the
degree of Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames
Research Center under grant NAG 2-716 and by The Analytical Sciences Corporation (TASC) as
part of the FAA Center of Excellence in Operations Research.
The authors would like to acknowledge the following people for theft contributions to
this study:
Dr. Sandra Lozito and Dr. Kevin Corker of NASA-Ames for their support and
expertise.
Dr. Mica Endsley of SA Technologies for her insights and contributions throughout
this study.
Mr. John Ladik, Ms. Dana Sherer and Mr. Jack Oswald at TASC for their support.
The six professional pilots and six air traffic control specialists who generously gave
their time, interest and expertise to this experiment.
The following personnel with the FAA for their enthusiastic support: Joe Davis, Larry
Doty, Ed Green, Bob Adelizzi, Bill Johannes (NATCA), Bryan Thompson (NATCA
Voice), and Wier Lundgren (NWS). Special thanks to John Melecio.
Keith Amonlirdviman, Steve Landry and Laurence Vigeant-Langlois of MIT ICAT
for their exceptional efforts which made this experiment possible.
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Table of Contents
Abstract ....................................................................................................... ............................. iii
Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... v
Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... vii
Acronyms & Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ ix
Chapter 1 Introduction ............... ........................................... ................................................... 1
Chapter 2 Situation Awareness Analysis .................................................................................. 5
2.1 Situation Awareness Model ............................................................................................. 5
2.2 Comparative SA Analysis Between Pilots and Controllers ............................................... 8
2.2.1 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Results ....................................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 3 Part-Task Simulator Study ............................................. 15
3.1 Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 15
3.2 Approach ....................................................................................................................... 16
3.3 Test Matrix .................................................................................................................... 16
3.4 Independent Variable: Presence of Data Link ................................................................ 17
3.5 Test Scenarios ............................................................................................................... 21
3.5.1 Airspace Sector. ......................................................................................................... 22
3.5.2 Traffic Flow ...................... ......................................................................................... 23
3.5.3 Weather Elements ...................................................................................................... 24
3.5.4 Scenario Design .......................................................................................................... 24
3.5.4.1 Use of Repeated Scenarios ............................ ......... 24
3.5.4.2 Scenario 1.............................................................................................................. 27
3.5.4.3 Scenario 2 .............................................................................................................. 29
3.5.4.4 ' Scenario 3 .............................................................................................................. 31
3.6 Protocol ......................................................................................................................... 31
3.6.1 Test Facility ............................................................................................................... 31
3.6.1.1 Advanced Cockpit Simulator (ACS) ....................................................................... 33
3.6.1.2 Air Traffic Control Simulator ................................................................................. 35
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3.6.1.3
Pseudo-AircraftSimulatorandControlStation....................................................3..7.
3.6.1.4
ScenarioDesignTool. •........................................................................4..0...
Subjects..............................................................................................................4..0.....
Procedure............................................................................................................4..1....
3.6.3.1
PreliminaryBriefingsandTraining.....................................................................4..1
3.6.3.2
FormalTesting.................................................................................................4..2....
3.6.3.3
Debriefing........................................................................................................4..3....
MetricsandDataAnalysis....................................................................................4..3...
Chapter4 Results............................................................................................................4..7....
4.1 SituationAwareness.....................................................................................................47
4.1.1 TestableResponseData........................................................................................4..7...
4.1.2 Controllers'WeatherAwarenessData...................................................................4..9..
4.2 SeparationViolations...............................................................................................6..0....
4.3 CommunicationandNegotiation................................................................................6..6..
4.4 Workload................................................................................................................6..8.....
4.5 SubjectiveResponse.s...............................................................................................6..9...
4.6 Discussion...............................................................................................................6..9....
Chapter5 Conclusions.....................................................................................................7..3....
Reference.s......... ................................................................................................................7.5
AppendixACommercialAirline PilotGoalHierarchy...........................................................7..7.
AppendixBCommercialAirline PilotSituationAwarenessInformationRequirements...... .....83
AppendixCInitialBriefing Materials....................................................................................8..9..
AppendixDTrainingMaterials.............................................................................................9..3...
AppendixEVoiceCodingWorksheet..................................................................................9..7...
AppendixFNASA TaskLoadIndexSurveyMaterials..........................................................9..9.
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Acronyms & Abbreviations
ACS
Advanced Cockpit Simulator
AOC
Airline Operations Center
ARTCC Air Route Traffic Control Center
ATC Air Traffic Control
ATP Air Transport Pilot
AWIN Aviation Weather Information
CID
Computer Identification Number
CDU
Control and Display Unit
CDTI Cockpit Display of Traffic Information
CPA Closest Point of Approach
Computer Readout Display
DBZ Decibels
DEC Data Entry Control
DQN Dayton VOR
DSR
Display System Replacement
EFIS
Electronic Flight Instrument System
EHSI Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator .
FAR
Federal Aviation Regulation
FDY Findlay VOR
FLCH Flight Level Change
FMS
Flight Management System
FPL Full Performance Level
FWA Fort Wayne VOR
nz Hertz
ICAT
International Center for Air Transportation
LNAV Lateral Navigation
MCP Mode Control Panel
MIE Muncie VOR
NAS
National Airspace System
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