NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 19990025822: HEDS-UP Mars Exploration Forum PDF
Preview NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 19990025822: HEDS-UP Mars Exploration Forum
HEDS-UP RS EXPLORATION FORUM n m May 4-5, 1998 Q Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas m HEDS-UP MARS EXPLORATION FORUM Edited by Nancy Ann Budden and Michael B. Duke Held at Lunar and Planetary Institute Houston, Texas May 4-5/1998 Sponsored by Lunar and Planetary Institute Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 LPI Contribution Number 955 Compiled in 1998 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE TheInstitute isoperated by theuniversities Space Research Association under Contract No. NASW4574 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. This report may be cited as BuddenN. A. and Duke M. B., eds. (1998) HEDS-LIP Mars Exploration Forum. LPl Contribution Number 955, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. 241 pp. This report is distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-111 3 Mail order requestors will be invoiced for the cost of shipping and handling. Cover: "Truth," 1998, by Pat Rawlings, Science Applications International Corporation. LPI Contribution No. 955 iii Preface In the early 1990s, Duke and Budden convened a series of work- shops addressing mission rationale, exploration objectives, and key con- straints and issues facing human crews on Mars (Duke and Budden, 1992, 1993). The focal point was "why" the U.S. should fly humans to Mars. In the mid-1990s, strategies for a Mars mission matured and evolved, driven formally by NASA Johnson Space Center's Office of Exploration. In 1997, NASA published a report capturing the current thinking: the NASA Mars Reference Mission (Hofian, 1997). In the 1997-1998 school year, HEDS- UP sponsored six universities to conduct design studies on Mars explora- tion, using the Reference Mission as a basis for their work. The 1998 Mars Exploration Forum presents the results of these university studies, suggest- ing "how" we might explore Mars, in terms of specific technical compo- nents that would enable human missions to Mars. A primary objective of the HEDS-UP Mars Exploration Forum was to provide a forum for active interaction among NASA, industry, and the university community on the subject of human missions to Mars. NASA scientists and engineers were asked to present the state of exploration for Mars mission options currently under study. This status "snapshot" of current Mars strategies set the stage for the six HEDS-UP universities to present their final design study results. Finally, a panel of industry experts discussed readiness for human missions to Mars as it pertains to the aerospace industries and technologies. A robust poster session provided the backdrop for government-industry-university discussions and al- lowed for feedback to NASA on the Mars Reference Mission. The common thread woven through the two days was discussion of technologies, proven and emerging, that will be required to launch, land, and sustain human crews on the Red Planet. As this decade (and indeed this millenium) draws to a close, Mars will continue to loom in our sights as the next target for human space explora- tion. It is our hope that the efforts of the Mars Exploration Forum will serve as one small contribution toward the ultimate goal of humans exploring Mars. The conveners would like to thank all the meeting participants, with- out whom this effort would not have been possible. The Mars Exploration Forum was supported by the NASA Headquarters Office of Manned Space Flight. Logistical, administrative, and publications support was provided by the Publications and Program Services Department of the Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI). Photographic support was provided by Debra Rueb of the LPIfs Center for Information and Research Services. Nancy Ann Budden Michael B. Duke Houston, Texas Page intentionally left blank LPI Contribution No . 955 v Contents ......................................................................................................................... Letter of Invitation vii ... ............................................................................................................ NASA's HEDS Enterprise VIII ........................................................................................................................ HEDS-UP Activity ix ........................................................................................................................................ References x .......................................................................................................... Scenes from the Mars Forum 1 Meeting Agenda ............................................................................................................................. 3 .................................................................................................................................. Plenary Session 5 Douglas Cooke ............................................................................................................................. 7 Bill O'Neil ..................................................................................................................................... 23 Joe Rothenberg ............................................................................................................................... 35 ............................................................................................................................... Keynote Address 37 John Young ..................................................................................................... Invited Technical Presentations 39 Geoffrey Briggs .............................................................................................................................. 41 Bret Drake ......................................................................................... :.. .......................................... 47 Robert Yowell ................................................................................................................................ 59 Charlie Stegemoeller ..................................................................................................................... 61 Kent Joosten .................................................................................................................................... 69 Bob Cataldo ................................................................................................................................ 81 Jerry Sanders .................................................................................................................................. 89 Carl Allen .....................................................................................................................................9 5 Bill Eoff .......................................................................................................................................... 97 Timothy Krabach ......................................................................................................................... 111 ....................................................................................... HEDS-UP University Design Studies 123 University of Texas at Austin .................................................................................................... 125 University of California. Berkeley ........................................................................................... 137 Texas A&M University ............................................................................................................... 157 University of Washngton ...................................................................................................... 171 Wichita State University ............................................................................................................. 195 University of Maryland ........................................................................................................... 201 ....................................................................................... Panel Presentations and Discussion 223 Harvey Willenberg .................................................................................................................. 225 Mike Henry ............................................................................................................................. 229 Eric I c e .................................................................................................................................... 233 ......................................................................................................... List of Forum Participants 235 Page intentionally left blank LPI Contribution No. 955 vii Letter of Invitation 6 LUNAR PLANETARIYN STITUTE AND 3600 BAY AREA BOULEVARD HOUSTON. TEXAS 77058-11 13 TEL (281) 486-2139 FAX (281) 486-2162 rn March 1998 Dear Mars Exploration Forum Participant, The Lunar and Planetary Institute's Human Exploration and Development of Space/University Partners (HEDS UP) organization is sponsoring a "Mars Exploration Forum", to be held at the LPI in Houston, Texas, on May 4-5,1998. Attendees will include the NASA Integrated Team Members, and representatives from aerospace industry, universities, and the government laboratories. You are invited to participate. Enclosed is a copy of our recently-released "Human Exploration of MAm The Reference Mission of the NASA Mars Exploration Study Team" which provides a basis for studies NASA is pursuing of the possible human exploration of Mars. At the request of, and with the support of NASA Addtrator, Dan Goldin, NASA is moving forward with technologies and planning for future human missions to hks. The objective of the Mars Exploration Forum is to facilitate active interaction among government, academia, and industry on the subject of human missions to Mars. Durjng the forum, NASA scientists and engineers will present the "State of Exploration" for Mars mission options currently under study. In addition, the HEDS UP universities will be presenting the fmal results of their respective Mars Exploration design studies they have produced during the school year. Finally, a panel of industry participants will discuss Mars exploration as it affects and applies to the aerospace industries and technologies. There will be opportunities for representatives from NASA, aerospace industry and government laboratories, and universities to share in panel discussions and to provide feedback regarding the Mars Reference missions. If you plan to participate, please return the enclosed registration form prior to April 7,1998. In late Apd, a second mailing that will include an agenda, map, and details of the meeting will be sent out to organizations or individuals indicating interest. Sincerely, vda %Lw Nancy Ann Budden chael B. Duke L ar Planetary Institute Lunar Planetary Institute Enclosure - @ Universities Space Research Associ8iiot1 viii HEDS-UP Mars Exploration Forum NASA's HEDS Enterprise The Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS) is NASA's Strategic Enterprise that encompasses NASA's programs of human space flight. The goals of the HEDS are to: *:* Increase human knowledge of nature's processes using the space environment Q Explore and settle the solar system * *: Achieve routine space travel * *: Enrich life on Earth through people living and working in space This endeavor currently is represented in NASA by several programs: *:* The Office of Space Flight, which is responsible for developing and operating the space shuttle and the International Space Station *:* The Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences, which conducts research on the effects of the space environment on humans and on utilizing human space flight opportunities to conduct scientific and technological experiments in the life sciences and materials sciences *:* The Office of Space Sciences, which conducts robotic flight missions that pre- pare the way to the Moon, Mars, and elsewhere for human explorers who will follow All three offices are working to develop an integrated approach to the human exploration and development of space. The Enterprise is a long-term affair that will encompass groundbased research, space flight experimentation, and exploration missions beyond low Earth orbit. The Exploration Office at the NASA Johnson Space Center, in Houston, Texas, is the lead office for the post-space-shuttle/space-station elements of the HEDS pro- gram. Emphasis at this time is on the robotic and human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Offices at most NASA Centers are also involved: *:* Lewis Research Center (Cleveland, Ohio) *:* Marshall Space Flight Center (Huntsville, Alabama) *:* Langley Research Center (Hampton, Virginia) *:* Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, Maryland) *:* Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena, California) *:* Ames Research Center (Moffet Field, California) LPI Contribution No. 955 ix HEDS-UP Activitv 1998 Activity Human Exploration and Development of Space-University Program (HEDS-UP) is a mecha- nism for involving people (faculty and students) in one of civilization's grandest undertakings, the human exploration and development of the space frontier. By building strong linkages between the U.S. space program, administered by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and universities, the voices of imagination, innovation, and vision that reside in the university commu- nity can be combined with the engineering and technical skills of NASA to advance space explora- tion and development as well as the educational and research objectives of the universities. From NASA's point of view, the universities can be prime contributors of new ideas and effective part- ners in developing and implementing scientific, engineering, and technological innovations associ- ated with human exploration and development of space. From the universities' perspective, mechanisms are needed that allow visibility into NASA programs and directions and access to communications channels that allow universities to identify and propose areas in which they can contribute to the enterprise. Human Exploration and Development of Space is a movement rather than a program. It is multifaceted, involving technical, legal, business, humanitarian, philosophical, and practical issues in almost every area associated with everyday life on Earth. In its beginnings, most of the work has been and will be technical - figuring out the possible and optimal means of sending payloads and humans into space and conducting beneficial work in space, on the Moon, and on Mars. With developments now planned or anticipated, the cost of working in space will diminish and the breadth of activities in space will increase. Discussions of human exploration of Mars, space industrialization, and space tourism conducted now anticipate reduced cost, improved capability, and a much wider sphere of activity in space. If carried out to logical conclusions, these same thoughts move in the direction of self-sufficient human settlements outside Earth, which could be as complex as terrestrial society is now. Although settlement is not the objective of NASA's HEDS program, it is surely within the scope of consideration for the HEDS-UP program. Indeed, the timescale for HEDS activities is very long, and the universities, as institutions, should be prepared to participate with long-term objectives in mind. In the short term, HEDS-UP will be represented by (1) an infrastructure that recognizes the importance of communications, and (2) projects that provide avenues for exchange of ideas and problem solutions. The infrastructure will provide services to the universities and to NASA through the mechanisms of communications channels and databases, utilization of which will promote understanding of HEDS objectives, problems, and needs to the university community on one hand and the resources, capabilities, and skills of the universities to the NASA side. Projects will be organized elements in which the universities can contribute to NASA thinking through the conduct of design studies, collaborative research, conferences, and other means. The projects developed under HEDS-UP have the objective of improving the interaction between NASA and the universities, not funding R&D. If opportunities for funded research are identified by university and NASA personnel and the communication linkages can be forged between the interested universities and NASA as a result of the HEDS-UP program, HEDS-UP will have done its job. HEDS-UP anticipates that opportunities to perform specific research and development to meet NASA needs will result from HEDS-UP projects; however, HEDS-UP is not a funding mechanism for university research and development.
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