NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 19970013297: Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civilian Space Program. Volume 2; External Relationships

670 Pages·36.8 MB·English

by  NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

NASA SP-4407
EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN
Selected Documents in the History of the
U.S. Civilian Space Program
Volume II: External Relationships
John M. Logsdon, Editor
with Dwayne A. Day and Roger D. Launius
The NASA History Series
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA History Office
Washington, D.C. 1996
Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Exploring the Unknown: .Selected l)ocuments in the tlistoiy ol the tJN. Civil Spa(e
I'logram/Jt)hn M, Logsdon, editor ... [et al.]
p. tm.--(The NASA histoly series) (NASA SI': 4407)
lnchldes bibliographical references and indexes.
(]()nn.nls: v.1.Organizing tbr exploration
I Asllommlics---United States--Histor),. 1.IxJgsdon, lohn M, 1!)37-
11.Lem, I.mdaJ., 1940- IlL Series IV Se_it, s:NA_;A Y,P:4407
TL789.8.U5E87 1996 96-9066
387.8'0973_1c2(J (21'
For ';aleby theU.S. Government Pnnting ()trice
Suwrmlertdent _l [)¢_uments, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washingt_m. I)(' 2(14112-9328
ISBN 0-16-048899-0
To the Memory ofT. Keith Glennan (1905-1995),
James E. Webb (1906-1992),
and Hugh L. Dryden (I 898-1965)
Whose Early Vision of External Relationships
Helped Shape the Direction of Space Exploration

Contents
Acknowledgments ..................................................... xxi
Introduction .......................................................... xxv
Biographies of Volume II Essay Authors ................................... xxix
Glossary ............................................................ xxxi
Chapter One
Essay: "The Development of International Space Cooperation," byJohn M. Logsdon.. 1
Documents
I-1 Office of the Press Secretary, Statement by the President,
July 29, 1958 ............................................... 16
I-2 and I-3 Hugh L. Dryden, Deputy Administrator, NASA, to T. Keith Glennan,
et al., March 12, 1959; and Richard W. Porter, to Professor
Dr. H.C. van de Huist, President, Committee on Space Research
(COSPAR), March 14, 1959 .................................. 17
I-4 T. Keith Glennan, Administrator, NASA, to Professor H.S.W. Massey,
United Kingdom Scientific Ministry, July 6, 1959, with attached:
H.S.W. Massey, "U.IL-U.S. Technical Discussions on Space Research,
June 25-July 3, 1959,"July 3, 1959 .............................. 19
I-5 Hugh L. Dryden, NASA Deputy Administrator, to Sir Harrie Massey,
European Preparatory Commission for Space Research,
June 27, 1962 .............................................. 21
I-6 James E. Webb, Administrator, NASA, to Dean Rusk, Secretary of State,
May 24, 1966 .............................................. 22
I-7 James E. Webb, NASA Administrator, to U. Alexis Johnson, Deputy
Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, May 19, 1966 .......... 23
I-8 RobertJ. Allnutt, for A.M. Lovelace, Acting Administrator, NASA,
via Margaret Finarelli, NASA Headquarters, to Erik Quistgaard,
Director General, European Space Agency, Telegraphic Message,
February 20, 1981 .......................................... 26
I-9 w.j. Mellors, Head, Washington Office, European Space Agency,
"Aide Memoire, International Solar Polar Mission (ISPM),"
February 24, 1981 .......................................... 27
vii
1-10
"Meeting of NASA Administrator and ESA Director General,
17June 1982, ESA Head Office," with attached: "f;c'neral Principles
tor NASA/ESA Cooperative Agreements". ....................... 29
1-11 Burton I. Edelson, Associate Administrator, Space Science
Applications, NASA, and Roger M. Bonnet, Director, Scientific
l'rogramme. ESA, "NASA/ESA Space Science Planning Meeting,
ESA Hcad ()ffice--27th-29th June 1983," Jnn e 29, 1983 ............. 31
1-12 George M. I_ow, Manager, Apollo Spacecraft l'rogra,n, to Director,
Apollo Spacecraft Program, "Flag for I.unar I.anding Mission,"
January 23, 1969 ............................................ 34
1-13 Thomas O. Paine, NASA Acting Administrator, to
President Richard Nixon, February 12, 1969 ...................... 35
1-14 thru 1-16 Thomas.O. Paine, NASA Administrator, to the President,
August 12, 1969; Thomas O. Paine, NASA Administrator, to the
President, November 7, 1969; and Thomas.O. Paine,
NASA Administrator, to the President, March 26, 1970 ............. 40
1-17 Secretary of State, Telegram 93721 for U.S. Ambassador, Tokyo,
"Space Cooperation with Japan,"January 5, 1968 .................. 46
1-18 Arnold W. Frutkin, NASA Assistant Administrator for International
Affairs, to Administrator, "Canadian Interest in Remote Manipulator
Technology. to be Used with the Space Shuttle," April 3, 1972 ........ 48
1-19 Peter M. Flanigan, "Memorandum for John Erlichman,"
February 16, 1971, with attached: Clay T. Whitehead,
"Memorandum for Mr. Peter Flanigan," February 6, 1971 ........... 49
1-20 and 1-21 Memorandum from Edward E. David, Jr., Science Advisor, for
Henry Kissinger and Peter Flanigan, "Post-Apollo Space
Cooperation with the Europeans,"July 23, 1971, with attached:
'q'echnolog T Transfer in the Post-Apollo Program" and Henry A.
Kissinger, National Security Advisor, to William E Rogers, Secretary
of State, no dates; and George M. Low, NASA Depu W Administrator,
to NASA Administrator, "Items of Interest," August 12, 1971 ......... 52
1-22 Department of State Telegram, '_Johnson Letter to l.efevre,"
September 7, 1971 .......................................... 59
1-23 "Memorandum for Peter Flanigan from the President,"
November 24, 1969 ......................................... 62
viii
1-24 GeorgMe.LowE, xcerpftrsomPersonNalotesN:o.63,
Februar1y,1972N;o.67,March26,1972N;o.68,April17,1962;
No.69,undatedN;o.71,Jun3e,1972N;o.72J,une17,1972........ 63
1-25thru1-27WilliamA.AndersE,xecutivSeecretarNya,tionaAleronautiacsnd
SpacCeouncitl,oTheHonorabPleeteMr .FlaniganM,arch17,
1972w,ithattache"dP:ositioPnapeornEuropeaPnarticipatioinn
ourPost-ApoSllopacPerogramW";illiamP.RogersS,ecretaoryf
StateM, emorandufmorthePresident,
"Post-Apollo Relationships
With the Europeans," April 29, 1972; and James C. Fletcher, NASA
Administrator, to Honorable Henry A. Kissinger, Assistant to the
President for National Security Affairs, May 5, 1972, with attached:
"NASA's Comments on Secretary Rogers' Memorandum of
April 29, 1972". ............................................ 68
1-28 European Space Conference, Committee of Alternates, "Report
of the ESC Delegation on discussions held with the U.S. Delegation
on European participation in the Post-Apollo Program, Washington,
14-16June 1972," CSE/CS (72) 15,June 22, 1972, excerpts .......... 81
1-29 Arnold W. Frutkin, Assistant Administrator for International Affairs,
NASA, Memorandum to Administrator, "Government Level
Negotiations on Sortie Lab," May 9, 1973 ........................ 85
1-30 Arnold W. Frutkin, Assistant Administrator for International Affairs,
NASA, Memorandum to Deputy Administrator, "International
Space Station Approach,"June 7, 1974 .......................... 87
1-31 Kenneth S. Pedersen, Director of International Affairs, NASA,
to Director, Space Station Task Force, "Strategy for International
Cooperation in Space Station Planning," undated [August 1982] ..... 90
1-32 NASA Fact Sheet, "Space Assistance and Cooperation Policy,"
August 6, 1982 ............................................ 100
1-33 James M. Beggs, NASA Administrator, to Honorable George P.
Shultz, Secretary of State, March 16, 1984 ....................... 105
1-34 James M. Beggs, Administrator, NASA, to Kenneth Baker, ME
Minister of State for Industry with Special Responsibility for Space
and Information Technology, April 6, 1984 ...................... 107
1-35 Dale D. Myers, NASA, and Reimar Leust, European Space Agency
(ESA), "Memorandum of Understanding between the United States
National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the European
Space Agency on Cooperation in the Detailed Design, Development,
Operation and Utilization of the Permanendy Manned Civil Space
Station," September 29, 1988 ................................. 110
ix
1-36 "Draft Proposals for US-USSR Space Cooperation," April 4, 1961 .... 143
1-37 John E Kennedy, to Soviet Union Chairman Khrushchev,
March 7, 1962 ............................................. 147
1-38 Nikita Khrushchev, to President John E Kennedy, March 20, 1962 .... 149
1-39 "Record of the US-USSR Talks on Space Cooperation," March 27,
28, and 30, 1962, with attached: Arnold W. Frutkin, Director,
Office of International Programs, NASA, 'Topical Summary of
Bilateral Discussions With Soviet Union," May 1, 1962 ............. 152
1-40 McGeorge Bundy, Memorandum for the President, July 13, 1962,
with attached: George Ball, Under Secretary of State, Memorandum
for the President, "Bilateral Talks Concerning U_USSR
Cooperation in Outer Space Activities,"July 5, 1962 ............... 162
1-41 McGeorge Bundy, Memorandum for the President, "Your 11 a.m.
appointment with Jim Webb," September 18, 1963 ................ 165
1-42 National Security Action Memorandum No. 271, "Cooperation
with the USSR on Outer Space Matters," November 12, 1963,
with attached: Charles E.Johnson, Memorandum for Mr. Bundy,
December 16, 1963 ......................................... 166
1-43 James E. Webb, Administrator, NASA, to the President,
January 31, 1964, with attached: "US-USSR Cooperation in
Space Research Programs". .................................. 168
1-44 Thomas O. Paine, NASA Administrator, to Academician M.V. Keldysh,
President, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, July 31, 1970 ......... 182
1-45 Glynn S. Lnnney, "Dip Report--Delegation to Moscow to
Discuss Possible Compatibility in Docking," November 5, 1970 ...... 183
1-46 George M. Low, "Visit to Moscow, April 1972, to Discuss Compatible
Docking Systems for US and USSR Manned Spacecraft,"
April 4-6, 1972, with attached: "Addendum, Moscow Trip,
April 4-6, 1972," May 30, 1972 ................................ 189
1-47 Henry A. Kissinger, to the President, "US-Soviet Space
Cooperation," May 17, 1972, with attached: "[)raft Agreement". ..... 198
1-48 George M. Low, Memorandum for the Record, "Visit to Moscow,
October 14-19, 1973," November 1, 1973 ....................... 199
1-49 George M. Low, Deputy Administrator, NASA, to Academician
M.V. Keldysh, President, Academy of Sciences of the USSR,
March 24, 1975 ............................................ 214
1-50 A.P. Aleksandrov, USSR Academy of Sciences, and A.M. Lovelace,
NASA, "Agreement Between the USSR Academy of Sciences and
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the USA on
Cooperation in the Area of Manned Space Flight," May 11, 1977 .... 215
1-51 George P. Shultz and Eduard Shevardnadze, "Agreement Between
the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics Concerning Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of
Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes," April 15, 1987, with attached:
"Agreed List of Cooperative Projects" . ......................... 217
1-52 Office of the Press Secretary, The White House, 'Joint Statement
on Cooperation in Space,"June 17, 1992 ....................... 220
1-53 thru |-55 "Implementing Agreement Between the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration of the United States of America and
the Russian Space Agency of the Russian Federation on Human Space
Flight Cooperation," October 5, 1992; Office of the Vice President,
The White House, "United States-Russian Joint Commission on
Energy and Space--Joint Statement on Cooperation in Space,"
September 2, 1993; and "Protocol to the Implementing Agreement
Between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the
United States of America and the Russian Space Agency of the
Russian Federation on Human Space Flight Cooperation of
October 5, 1992," December'16, 1993 ................. ......... 222
Chapter Two
Essay: "Invitation to Struggle: The History of Civilian-Military Relations in Space,"
by Dwayne A. Day ..................................................... 233
Documents
II-1 Major General L.C. Craigie, Director of Research and Development
Office, Deputy Chief of Staff, Materiel, to Brig. Gen. Alden R.
Crawford, Air Materiel Command, Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio,
"Satellite Vehicles,'January 16, 1948, with attached: Memorandum
for the Vice Chief of Staff, "Earth Satellite Vehicles,"January 12,
1948, and General Hoyt S. Vandenberg, Vice Chief of Staff, United
States Air Force, "Statement of Policy for a Satellite Vehicle". ....... 271
xi
II-2andII-3 RoberRt.BowieP,olicPylanninSgtaffD, epartmeonftState,
"MemorandufomrMr.PhlegerM,"arch28,1955a;ndRoberRt.
BowieP,olicyPlanninSgtaffD, epartmeonftStatet,oSecretaoryf
State",RecommendatiinonthseReporttothePresidenbtythe
TechnologicCaalpabilitiPesaneolftheSciencAedvisory
CommitteOe,DM(KillianCommitteeIt)e:m2--NSCAgenda
10/4/56,O" ctobe2r,1956.................................. 272
II-4 PercivaBlrundagDe,irectoBr,ureaouftheBudgetto, the
Presiden"tP,rojecVtanguardA,"pril30,1957.................... 277
I1-5thru1I-7LieutenanGteneraDlonaldL.PuttD, eputCyhieoffStaff,
DevelopmeUnt.,SA. irForcet,oDr.HughL.DrydenD,irector,
NationaAldvisorCyommittefeorAeronautiJcas,nuar3y1,1958;
GenD. onaldI,.Putt,toCommandAerir,ResearcahndDevelop-
menCt omman"dA,dvanceHdypersonRicesearAchircraft,"
Januar3y1,1958a;ndGeneraTlhomaDs.WhiteC, hiefofStaff,
USAFa,ndHughL.DrydenD,irectoNr,ACA",Memoranduomf
UnderstandinPgri:nciplefosrParticipatioonfNACAin
DevelopmeanntdTestinogfthe'AirForceSyste4m64L
HypersonBicoosGt lideVehicle(Dyna-SoI)a,'r"May20,1958...... 280
II-8 T.KeithGlennanN,ASAAdministrataonr,dRoyWJ.ohnson,
DirectoAr,dvanceRdesearcPhrojecAtsgenc"yM, emorandum
ofUnderstandinPgro:gramforaManneOdrbitaVl ehicle,"
Novembe2r0,1958........................................ 285
II-9andII-10T.KeithGlennanA,dministratoNrA, SAa,ndWilberM.Brucker,
SecretaoryftheArmy",CooperatiAvgereemeonntJetPropulsion
LaboratorByetweetnheNationaAleronautiacnsdSpace
AdministratioanndtheDepartmeonfttheArmy,D" ecemb3e,r
1958a;ndT.KeithGlennanA,dministratoarn,dWilberM.Brucker,
SecretaoryftheArmy",CooperatiAvgereemeonntArmy
OrdnancMeissilCeommanBdetweetnheNationaAleronautics
andSpacAedministratioanndtheDepartmeonfttheArmy,"
Decemb3e,r1958......................................... 286
II-11 T.KeithGlennanA,dministratNorA,SAa,ndThomaSs.Gates,
ActingSecretaoryfDefensMe,emorandutmorthePresident,
"ResponsibialintydOrganizatiofonrCertaiAnctivities,"
Octobe2r1,1959.......................................... 290
xii