NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 19920003715: High-Energy Astrophysics. American and Soviet Perspectives

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HIGH-ENERGY
ASTROPHYSICS
American and Soviet Perspectives
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High-Energy Astrophysics
American and Soviet Perspectives
Edited by
Walter H.G. Lewin
George W. Clark
Rashid A. Sunyaev
with
Kathleen Kearney Trivers
David M. Abramson
Proceedings from the U.S.-USSR Workshop
on
High-Energy Astrophysics
June 18 - July 1, 1989
Academy of Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
National Academy Press
Washington, D.C. 1991
NOTICE: The projea that is the subject of this report was approved by the officers of the National
Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on January 12, 1988. The members
of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their spedal competencies and with
regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures
approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of
Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distin-
guished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science
and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to
it by Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government
on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National
Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its
administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences
the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also
sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research,
and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the
National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medidne was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to
secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy
matters pertaining to the health of the public_ The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the
National Academy of Sciences by itscongressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government
and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Stuart
Bondurant is acting president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to
associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering
knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general polities
determined by the Academy, the Council has become the prindpal operating agency of both the
National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the
government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered
jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Pre_ and Dr. Robert M. White
are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 90-62813
InternationaSltandardBook No. 0-309-04334-4
Copiesofthisreportareavailablefrom:
Sovietand EastEuropean Affairs
NationalResearchCouncil
2101ConstitutioAnve.,N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20418
Additional copies are for sale from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20418
$217
Printed in the United States of America
Foreword
Thisbookcontainstheproceedingsof theAmerican-Soviehtigh-energy
astrophysicwsorkshop,whichwas heldattheInstitutfeorSpaceResearch
inMoscow andtheAbastumaniLaboratoryandObservatoryintherepublic
ofGeorgiafromJune 18 toJuly1,1989.Thisworkshopevolvedfrom a
similarv,erysuccessfuwlorkshopheldinProtvinointhesummer of1977.
Bothworkshopswereattendedbyonlyasmallnumberofpeoplefromeach
country(12Americanswere inviteidn1977and20in1989).
The Protvinomeetingwas ofparticulairmportanceasit"brokethe
ice."Sincethattime,therehavebeenmany contactasndexchangesbetween
scientisftrsomtheUSSR andtheUnitedStatesU..S.instrumentasrenow
scheduledtoflyon Sovietspacemissions.
During thepastdecade,thefieldof astrophysicpsrogressedat an
impressivreate.Thiswasreflectebdythetopicsdiscusseadttheworkshop:
theinflationaruyniverse;thelarge-scalsetructuroef theuniverse;the
diffusXe-raybackground;gravitationlaelnsesq,uasarsandAGNs; infrared
galaxie(sresultfsrom IRAS);supernova1987A;milliseconrdadiopulsars;
quasi-periodoisccillatioinnstheX-rayfluxoflow-massX-raybinariesa;nd
gamma-raybursts.
The meetingwas generouslysupportedby theAcademy of Sciences
of theUSSR, theAcademy of Sciencesofthe Georgianrepublict,he
NationalAcademy of Sciences,and theU.S.NationalAeronauticsand
SpaceAdministration.
Thiscollectioonfpapersreflectssome oftheactiveareasofresearch
pursuedbyscientisotfstheUSSR andtheUnitedStatesI.talsocontn'butes
tothefriendshibpetweenthescientisftrsombothcountries.
The Editors
iii

Contents
FOREWORD iii
INSTABILITIES IN SN1987A AND OTHER SUPERNOVAE 1
David Amen, Bruce Fryxell, and Ewald Mailer
ON THE EVOLUTION OF PULSARS 9
VS. Beskin, A.V. Gurevich, and Ya.N Istomin
THE SPIN DOWN OF THE RADIO PULSARS
BRAKING INDEX 14
VS. Beskin, A. V.Gurevich, and Ya.N Istomin
AXIALLY SYMMETRICAL SUPERNOVA REMNANTS 19
G.S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan, T.A. Lozinskaya, and S.A. Silich
NEUTRON STARQUAKE MODEL FOR GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 28
R.D. Bland ford
THE SHOCK BREAKOUT IN SN1987A MODELLED
WITH THE TIME-DEPENDENT RADIATIVE TRANSFER 39
S.L Blinnikov, D.K. Nadyoshin, and O.S. Bartunov
MANIFESTATIONS OF DYNAMO DRIVEN LARGE-SCALE
MAGNETIC FIELD IN ACCRETION DISKS OF
COMPACT OBJECTS 46
G.D. Chagelishvili, R.G. Chanishvili, J.G. Lominadze, and
Z.A Sokhadze
TURBULIZATION OF SHEAR FLOWS IN ASTROPHYSICS 55
G.D. Chagelishvili, R.G. Chanishvili, and J..G.Lominadze
v
PRECEDING PAGE BLANK NOT FILMED
vi AMERICAN AND SOVIET PERSPECTIVES
REGULAR VARIABILITY OF THE SHAPE OF THE
PRIMARY MINIMUM OF THE ORBITAL LIGHT CURVE OF
SS 433WITH THE PHASE OF THE PRECESSIONAL PERIOD 65
.4.M. Cherepashchuk and S.E Yarlikov
CHAOTIC INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE AND THE
ANISOTROPY OF THE LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE 68
G.V.Chibisov and Yu.V Shtanov
THE CYCLOTRON ABSORPTION LINE AND ECLIPSE
TRANSITION PHENOMENA OF 4U 1538-52 77
George W. Clark
RADIO TELESCOPES AS THE DETECTORS OF SUPER
HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS 87
t_D. Dagkesamansky and 1.5£ Zheleznykh
OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI 91
Alexei V.Fdippenko
ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL RELATIVISTIC STELLAR WINDS 108
M.E. Gedalin, J..G.Lominadze, and F_G. Tsikarishvili
CLUSTER RESEARCH WITH X-RAY OBSERVATIONS 112
Riccardo Giacconi and Richard Burg
OBSERVATIONS OF X-RAY PULSARS FROM THE
KVANT MODULE 134
M. Gilfanov, R. Sunyaev, E_ Churazov, V.Loznikov, V.Efremov,
_£ Kaniovsldy, ,4. Kuznetsov, N. Yamburenko, ,4. Melioranskiy,
G.K Skinn_ O. Al-Emam, T.G. Patterson, A.P. grdlmore,
A.C. Brinkrnan, :7.H. eise, I.J.M. In't Zand, R. Iage_, W. Pietsch,
S. Doeberein_ J. Englhaus_ (2 Reppin, J. Truemper, W. Voges,
E_Kendziorra, M. Maisack, IR Mony, R. Staubert, AN. Parrn_
and tL Smith
GENERATION OF ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS
IN ACCRETING X-RAY PULSARS 144
Yu.N. Gnedin and N.1L Ikhsanov
CAN A MAN-MADE UNIVERSE BE ACHIEVED BY
QUANTUM TUNNELING WITHOUT AN INITIAL
SINGULARITY? 153
Alan H. Guth
ON THE ORIGIN OF THE DIFFUSE X-RAY BACKGROUND 174
David I Helfand
HIGH-ENERASGTYROPHYSICS vii
GRAVITATIONAL LENSES: THE CURRENT SAMPLE,
RECENT RESULTS, AND CONTINUING SEARCHES 192
Jacqueline N Hewitt
COSMIC GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 204
K Hurley
GEORGIAN SPACE RESEARCH PROGRAM 218
G.P. Kakhidze
ON THE NATURE OF PULSAR RADIATION 225
A.Z. Kazbegi, G.Z Machabeli, and G.L Melikidze
OBSERVING SN 1987A WITH THE INTERNATIONAL
ULTRAVIOLET EXPLORER 237
Robert R IOrshner
QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS IN LOW-MASS
X-RAY BINARIES 251
W.H.G. Lewin, J. van Para&_js,and M. van der Klis
THE EVOLUTION OF THE GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION
FROM STELLAR COMPONENTS OF GALAXIES 261
V.M. Lipunov, E.Yu. Osminkin, and ME Prokhorov
CLOSE BINARY STARS IN GLOBULAR CLUSTERS 270
Bruce Margon
THE LARGE-SCALE SURFACE BRIGHTNESS DISTRIBUTION
OF THE X-RAY BACKGROUND 285
Richard Mushotzky
X-RAY EMISSION FROM ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI 297
Richard Mushotzky
ON THE OBSERVATIONAL APPEARANCES OF A FREELY
PRECESSING NEUTRON STAR IN HERCULES X-1 307
KA. Postnov, M.E. Prokhorov, and NL Shakura
THE PSR 2127+12 AS AN INDICATOR OF A MASSIVE
BLACK HOLE IN THE CORE OF GLOBULAR CLUSTER M 15 316
KA. Postnov, M.E. Prokhorov, and NL Shakura
THE FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF DOMAIN WALLS 322
W'dliam H. Press, Barbara S. Ryden, and David N Spergel
viii AMERICAN AND SOVIET PERSPECTIVES
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
DETECTED BY THE KONUS EXPERIMENT ON
VENERA 11AND 12 329
Maarten Schmidt and J..C.Higdon
EXTRAGALACTIC X-RAY SOURCE COUNTS 336
Maarten Schmidt
ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES 344
B.T. $oifer
THE PECULIAR VELOCITY FIELD PREDICTED FROM
THE DISTRIBUTION OF IRAS GALAXIES ' 356
M'tchae1.4. Strauss and Marc Davis
X-RAY RADIATION FROM SUPERNOVA 1987A.
THE RESULTS OF THE KVANT MODULE IN 1987-1989 368
R.A. Sunyaev, A.S. Kaniovsky, El(.Efremov, S.A. Grebenev,
,4.V. Kuznetsov, E. Churasov, M. Gilfanov, N. Yamburenko,
J.Englhaus_ S. Doeberein_ W..Pietsch, C. Reppin, J. lhtempel;,
E. Kendziorra, M. Maisack, B. Mony, R. Staubert, G.K. Skinn_
T.G. Patterson, A.P. Willmore, 0 A1-Emam, A.C. Brinlonan, J. Heise,
J.J.M In't Zand, IL Jager
BASIC PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY FROM PULSAR
TIMING DATA 385
J.H. Taylor
GAS FLOW AND GENERATION OF X-RAY EMISSION
IN WR+OB BINARIES 394
EE. Usov
HYDRODYNAMIC STUDY OF SUPERNOVA 1987A:
THE PHASE OF A WAVE OF COOLING AND
RECOMBINATION 403
Utrobin
APPENDIX 411
List of Workshop Presentations