Nanozymes: Next Wave of Artificial Enzymes

134 Pages·2016·4.43 MB·English

by  Xiaoyu Wang

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN MOLECULAR SCIENCE
Xiaoyu Wang
Wenjing Guo
Yihui Hu
Jiangjiexing Wu
Hui Wei
Nanozymes: Next
Wave of Artificial
Enzymes
12 3
SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8898
Xiaoyu Wang Wenjing Guo
(cid:129)
Yihui Hu Jiangjiexing Wu
(cid:129)
Hui Wei
Nanozymes: Next Wave
fi
of Arti cial Enzymes
123
XiaoyuWang JiangjiexingWu
DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering,Collegeof DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering,Collegeof
EngineeringandAppliedSciences,Collaborative EngineeringandAppliedSciences,Collaborative
InnovationCenterofChemistryforLifeSciences, InnovationCenterofChemistryforLifeSciences,
NanjingNationalLaboratoryofMicrostructures NanjingNationalLaboratoryofMicrostructures
NanjingUniversity NanjingUniversity
Nanjing Nanjing
China China
WenjingGuo HuiWei
DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering,Collegeof DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering,Collegeof
EngineeringandAppliedSciences,Collaborative EngineeringandAppliedSciences,Collaborative
InnovationCenterofChemistryforLifeSciences, InnovationCenterofChemistryforLifeSciences,
NanjingNationalLaboratoryofMicrostructures NanjingNationalLaboratoryofMicrostructures
NanjingUniversity NanjingUniversity
Nanjing Nanjing
China China
YihuiHu
DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering,Collegeof
EngineeringandAppliedSciences,Collaborative
InnovationCenterofChemistryforLifeSciences,
NanjingNationalLaboratoryofMicrostructures
NanjingUniversity
Nanjing
China
ISSN 2191-5407 ISSN 2191-5415 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs inMolecular Science
ISBN978-3-662-53066-5 ISBN978-3-662-53068-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-53068-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016946947
©TheAuthor(s)2016
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Preface
This book is intended to describe the concepts, the up-to-date developments, and
the perspectives of the field of nanozymes that has been rapidly growing over the
pastdecades.Nanozymesarenanomaterialswithenzymaticcharacteristics.Asone
of the most exciting fields, the research of nanozymes lies at the interface of
chemistry, biology, materials, and nanotechnology.
It is counterintuitive to use nanomaterials to mimic natural enzymes since the
two seem to be very different from each other. A careful comparison, however,
would reveal that they share many features together. For examples, both of them
have nanoscaled sizes, irregular shapes, rich surface chemistry, etc. It is these
similarities that enable nanomaterials to imitate natural enzymes.
Duetotheenormousamountsofliteraturepublishedinthefield,itisimpossible
to provide a comprehensive description of nanozymes here. Instead, it aims to
provide a broad picture of nanozymes in the context of artificial enzyme research.
Representative examples arediscussed tohighlightthenanomaterials with enzyme
mimicking activities, their catalytic mechanisms, and their promising applications
in various areas, ranging from biosensing and cancer diagnostics to tissue engi-
neering and therapeutics.
Chapter 1 describes the brief history of nanozymes research in the course of
natural enzymes and artificial enzymes research. It also compares nanozymes with
natural enzymes and artificial enzymes to highlight their unique characteristics.
Chapters2–5discussthedifferentnanomaterialsusedformimickingvariousnatural
enzymes,fromcarbon-based(Chap.2)andmetal-based(Chap.3)nanomaterialsto
metal oxide-based nanomaterials (Chap. 4) and other nanomaterials (Chap. 5). In
each of these chapters, the nanomaterials’ enzyme mimetic activities, the catalytic
mechanisms, and the key applications are covered. In Chap. 6, the current chal-
lenges and future directions of nanozymes research are summarized, which if
achieved will help to fulfill the great potentials of nanozymes.
The purpose of this book is not only to provide insightful knowledge of nano-
zymes but also to attract more researchers into the field and to inspire them to
further broaden the field. Due to the importance of nanozymes and professional
v
vi Preface
writing with plenty of color illustrations and tables, this book should be an ideal
choice for readers from different areas, such as chemistry, materials, nanoscience
and nanotechnology, biomedical and clinical studies, environment, green chem-
istry, novel catalysts, etc.
Iwishto expressmy appreciation toall the excellent scholars around the world
who have contributed and will continue to contribute to the fields of nanozymes.
I would also like to thank my lab members and my collaborators for their contri-
butions to this exciting field. I thank my advisors Profs. Erkang Wang, Xinghua
Xia,YiLu,andShumingNiefortheirguidance,support,andencouragement.Iam
much indebted to June Tang for her patience during the writing of this book.
Ithank Nanjing University,NationalNatural Science FoundationofChina, 973
Program,NaturalScienceFoundationofJiangsuProvince,ShuangchuangProgram
of Jiangsu Province, PAPD program, Fundamental Research Funds for Central
Universities, SixTalentsSummitProgram ofJiangsuProvince,Open Fundsofthe
StateKeyLaboratoryofElectroanalyticalChemistry,OpenFundsoftheStateKey
LaboratoryofAnalyticalChemistryforLifeScience,OpenFundsoftheStateKey
Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Thousand Talents
Program for Young Researchers for providing the academic environment and the
financial support of our research.
Nanjing Hui Wei
April 2016
Contents
1 Introduction to Nanozymes..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1
References.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 4
2 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Nanozymes.. .... .... ..... .... 7
2.1 Fullerene and Derivatives... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 7
2.1.1 Fullerene and Derivatives as Nuclease Mimics. ..... .... 8
2.1.2 Fullerene and Derivatives as SOD Mimics .... ..... .... 9
2.1.3 Fullerene Derivatives as Peroxidase Mimics... ..... .... 12
2.2 Graphene and Derivatives... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 12
2.2.1 Graphene and Its Derivatives as Peroxidase Mimics.. .... 12
2.2.2 Decorated Graphene (or Its Derivatives)
as Peroxidase Mimics.... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 15
2.3 Carbon Nanotubes ... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 20
2.3.1 Carbon Nanotubes as Peroxidase Mimics . .... ..... .... 20
2.3.2 Carbon Nanotubes as Other Enzyme Mimics .. ..... .... 22
2.4 Other Carbon-Based Nanomaterials ... .... .... .... ..... .... 24
2.4.1 Other Carbon Nanomaterials as Peroxidase Mimics .. .... 24
2.4.2 Other Carbon Nanomaterials as SOD Mimics.. ..... .... 24
References.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 25
3 Metal-Based Nanomaterials for Nanozymes ... .... .... ..... .... 31
3.1 Metal Nanomaterials with Catalytic Monolayers (Type I).... .... 31
3.1.1 AuNPs Protected by Alkanethiol with Catalytic
Terminal Moieties... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 32
3.1.2 AuNPs Protected by Alkanethiol with Non-covalently
Assembled Catalytic Moieties.. .... .... .... ..... .... 37
3.1.3 AuNPs Protected by Thiolated Biomolecules .. ..... .... 39
vii
viii Contents
3.2 Metal Nanomaterials with Intrinsic Enzyme Mimicking
Activities (Type II)... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 40
3.2.1 Metal Nanomaterials as GOx Mimics.... .... ..... .... 40
3.2.2 Metal Nanomaterials as Multiple Enzyme Mimics ... .... 41
3.2.3 Applications .. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 45
References.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 49
4 Metal Oxide-Based Nanomaterials for Nanozymes.. .... ..... .... 57
4.1 Cerium Oxide... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 57
4.1.1 Cerium Oxide as SOD Mimics. .... .... .... ..... .... 58
4.1.2 Cerium Oxide as Catalase Mimics .. .... .... ..... .... 64
4.1.3 Cerium Oxide as Peroxidase Mimics .... .... ..... .... 66
4.1.4 Cerium Oxide as Oxidase Mimics... .... .... ..... .... 66
4.1.5 Cerium Oxide as Other Mimics .... .... .... ..... .... 67
4.2 Iron Oxide . .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 68
4.2.1 Iron Oxide as Peroxidase Mimics... .... .... ..... .... 68
4.2.2 Iron Oxide as Other Enzyme Mimics .... .... ..... .... 76
4.3 Other Metal Oxides .. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 78
4.3.1 Vanadium Oxide as Enzyme Mimics .... .... ..... .... 78
4.3.2 Cobalt Oxide as Enzyme Mimics ... .... .... ..... .... 78
4.3.3 Copper Oxide as Enzyme Mimics... .... .... ..... .... 81
4.3.4 MoO , TiO , MnO , RuO as Enzyme Mimics. ..... .... 81
3 2 2 2
References.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 82
5 Other Nanomaterials for Nanozymes. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 93
5.1 Prussian Blue ... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 93
5.2 Metal-Organic Frameworks.. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 95
5.3 Metal Chalcogenides.. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 97
5.4 Metal Hydroxides.... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 97
5.5 Miscellaneous... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 98
References.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 98
6 Challenges and Perspectives.... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 103
References.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 105
Appendix. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 109
Abbreviations
4-AAP 4-aminoantipyrine
ABTS 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
AgNP Silver nanoparticle
AuNC Gold nanocluster
AuNP Gold nanoparticle
BA Benzoic acid
BSA Bovine serum albumin
CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen
CNT Carbon nanotube
Color. Colorimetric
DAB Diazoaminobenzene
DOPA Dopamine
DPD N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate
dsDNA Double-stranded DNA
E-chem Electrochemical
ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EPR Electron paramagnetic resonance
Fluor. Fluorometric
HPNP 2-hydroxypropyl-4-nitrophenylphosphate
HRP Horseradish peroxidase
LDH Layered double hydroxide
LOD Limit of detection
Meth Methods
MNPs Magnetic nanoparticles
NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
NPs Nanoparticles
OPD o-phenylenediamine
PDDA Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)
PLGA Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)
PMIDA N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid
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