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Nanostructured Materials for Advanced Technological Applications PDF

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Nanostructured Materials for Advanced Technological Applications NATO Science for Peace and Security Series This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS). The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1) Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3) NATO, Partner and Mediterranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meeting supported are generally "Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops". The NATO SPS Series collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are co- organized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's "Partner" or "Mediterranean Dialogue" countries. The observations and recommendations made at the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series, reflect those of parti- cipants and contributors only; they should not necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO views or policy. Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses intended to convey the latest developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for future action Following a transformation of the programme in 2006 the Series has been re-named and re-organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series. The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division. Sub-Series A. Chemistry and Biology Springer B. Physics and Biophysics Springer C. Environmental Security Springer D. Information and Communication Security IOS Press E. Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press http://www.nato.int/science http://www.springer.com http://www.iospress.nl Series B: Physics and Biophysics Nanostructured Materials for Advanced Technological Applications Edited by Johann Peter Reithmaier Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics University of Kassel Germany Plamen Petkov Department of Physics University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy Sofia, Bulgaria Wilhelm Kulisch Institute for Health and Consumer Protection European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy and Cyril Popov Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics University of Kassel Germany Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Nanostructured Materials for Advanced Technological Applications Sozopol, Bulgaria 1–13 June, 2008 Library of Congress Control Number: 2009920160 ISBN 978-1-4020-9915-1 (PB) ISBN 978-1-4020-9914-4 (HB) ISBN 978-1-4020-9916 -8 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. CONTENTS Preface.................................................................................................. xiii 1. GENERAL ASPECTS W. Kulisch, R. Freudenstein, A. Ruiz, A. Valsesia, L. Sirghi, J. Ponti, P. Colpo, F. Rossi: Nanostructured Materials for Advanced Technological Applications: A Brief Introduction ...................................................................... 3 2. THEORETICAL APPROACHES 2.1. ELECTRICS AND ELECTRONICS J.M. Marshall, C. Main: Low Temperature Variable-Range -1/4 Hopping in Disordered Solids: The Failure of the Mott “T ” Model and the Demonstration of a New Procedure ................... 39 J.M. Marshall, C. Main: On the Validities and Limitations of Transient Photo-Decay Techniques for Identifying the Energy Distribution and Related Properties of Localized States in Disordered Semiconductors ......................................... 49 2.2. OPTICS P. Sharlandjiev: Composite Films with Nanosized Multilayer Particles: Numeric Modelling of Their Optical Response........... 61 N. Enaki, M. Ţurcan: Two-Photon Lasing in Micro-Cavities............. 69 E. Galeamov, N. Enaki: Interference of Cooperative Resonant Fluorescence from Two Distant Systems of Radiators ............... 77 2.3. FURTHER TOPICS S.S. Dalgic: Modelling the Cohesive Energy of Chalcogenide Nanoparticles............................................................................... 87 v vi CONTENTS A.A. Paiziev: Quantum-Dimensional Effects in the Positron Annihilation Spectra of La–Ba–Cu–O Superconductors............. 97 3. CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES P. Morgen, B.O. Henriksen, D. Kyrping, T. Sørensen, Y.X. Yong, J. Holstm, J.R. Aelsen, P.-E. Hansen: Examples of Current Industrial Micro- and Nanomaterials and Techniques for Their Characterization ......................................................... 103 M. Veres, S. Tóth, E. Perevedentseva, A. Karmenyan, M. Koós: Raman Spectroscopy of UNCD Grain Boundaries ................... 115 P. Jóvári, I. Kaban: Structural Study of Multi-Component Glasses by the Reverse Monte Carlo Simulation Technique ....... 123 S.N. Yannopoulos: Dynamic Light Scattering as a Probe of Nanosized Entities: Applications in Materials and Life Sciences ..................................................................................... 131 Z. Bakaeva, K. Igamberdiev, P. Khabibulaev, P. Stepanek, P. Cernoch: The Collapse of Hydrodynamic Radii in Pluronic PE6400 Micelles in Vicinity of Supramolecular Transition: Dynamic Light Scattering, Heat Capacity and Sound Velocity Measurements ........................................... 137 4. PREPARATION TECHNIQUES J.-C. Pivin, F. Singh, A. Kumar, M.K. Patel, D.K. Avasthi, D. Dimova-Malinovska: Some Structural Modifications at the Nanometric Scale Induced by Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation............................................................................ 145 A.L. Stepanov: Fabrication of Metal Nanoparticles in Polymers by Ion Implantation ................................................................... 153 A.L. Stepanov, R. Kiyan, C. Reinhardt, A. Seidel, S. Pas-Singer, B.N. Chichkov: Rapid Laser Prototyping of Polymer-Based Nanoplasmonic Components..................................................... 163 E. Fidancevska, J. Bossert, V. Vassilev, R. Adziski, M. Milosevski: Design of Ceramic Microstructure of Nanoscaled Transitional Alumina ..................................................................................... 173 CONTENTS vi 5. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS 5.1. NANOTUBES W.K. Maser, A.M. Benito, P. Castell, R. Sainz, M.T. Martínez, M. Naffakh, C. Marco, G. Ellis, M.A. Gómez: Carbon Nanotube Composite Materials: Opportunities and Processing Issues ................................................................ 181 5.2. NANOPARTICLES A. Dmytruk, I. Dmitruk, R. Belosludov, Y. Kawazoe, A. Kasuya: Laser Ablation of CdSe and ZnO: Alkylamine Assisted Formation of Magic Clusters..................................................... 201 K. Katok, V. Tertykh, V. Yanishpolskii: Synthesis and Characterization of Silver/Silica Nanostructures................ 207 F. Kyriazis, S.N. Yannopoulos, A. Chrissanthopoulos, S. Baskoutas, N. Bouropoulos: ZnO Nanostructures Grown by Thermal Evaporation and Thermal Decomposition Methods ..................................................................................... 211 R.R. Khaydarov, R.A. Khaydarov, O. Gapurova, Y. Estrin, S. Evgrafova, T. Scheper, S.Y. Cho: Antimicrobial Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by an Electrochemical Method....................................................................................... 215 G.A. Mousdis, M. Kompitsas, I. Fasaki, M. Suchea, G. Kiriakidis: The Effect of Au Nanoclusters in Tin Oxide Film Gas Sensors....................................................................... 219 A.V. Kukhta, E.E. Kolesnik, A.I. Lesnikovich, S.A. Vorobyova, M. Nichick, A.P. Lugovskii, V. Yerokhov: Preparation and Some Characteristics of Polyepoxypropylcarbazole Thin Films with Embedded Au–Ag Nanoparticles ................... 223 E. Czerwosz, M. Kozłowski, P. Dłużewski, J. Kęczkowska, M. Suchańska: Nanostructural Carbonaceous Films with Metal (Pd, Ni) Nanoparticles............................................. 227 viii CONTENTS 5.3. NANOCOMPOSITES A. Pradel, P. Yot, S. Albert, N. Frolet, M. Ribes: Nanostructured Ionic Conductors: Investigation of SiO2–MI (M = Li, Ag) Composites ................................................................................ 233 V.I. Boev, A. Soloviev, C.J.R. Silva, M.J.M. Gomes, J. Pérez-Juste, I. Pastoriza-Santos, L.M. Liz-Marzán: Preparation and Properties of Flexible Nanocomposites, Obtained by a Combination of Colloidal Chemistry and Sol–Gel Approach .............................................................. 245 I.S. Berezovska, V.V. Yanishpolskii, V.A. Tertykh: Template Synthesis of Mesoporous Silicas Inside Nanoreactors Based on Large Pores of Silica Gel...................................................... 251 5.4. THIN FILMS S. Ulrich, H. Holleck, M. Stüber, H. Leiste, J. Ye, C. Ziebert: Nanocrystalline Metastable Hard Coatings .............................. 257 D. Dimova-Malinovska: Influence of the Precursor Materials on the Structural Properties of Poly-Si Thin Films Obtained by Aluminium-Induced Crystallization ..................................... 269 D. Dimova-Malinovska: The Renascence of ZnO – Properties and Applications........................................................................ 285 H. Nichev, D. Dimova-Malinovska, V. Georgieva, O. Angelov, J.-C. Pivin, V. Mikli: Sensitivity of ZnO Films Doped with Er, Ta and Co to NH3 at Room Temperature .................... 303 A.S. Yeremyan, H.N. Avetisyan, L.G. Arshakyan: Pulsed Laser Deposition of Layers and Nanostructures Based on CdTe and Bi.......................................................................... 307 5.5. CHALCOGENIDES AND OTHER GLASS SYSTEMS P. Petkov: Ternary Ge–Se–(B, Ga, Tl) Chalcogenides – Preparation, Properties and Applications....................................................... 315 CONTENTS ix T. Petkova, V. Ilcheva, C. Popov, J.P. Reithmaier, G. Socol, E. Axente, I.N. Mihailescu, P. Petkov, T. Hineva: Study of (As2Se3)100−x (AgI)x Thin Films Prepared by PLD and VTE Methods ........................................................ 329 V. Ilcheva, T. Petkova, D. Roussev, P. Petkov: Physico-Chemical Characterization of Nanostructured As–Se–Ag Glassy Materials ..................................................... 335 I. Kaban, W. Hoyer, P. Jóvári, T. Petkova, A. Stoilova, A. Schöps, J. Bednarcik, B. Beuneu: Atomic Structure of As34Se51Ag15 and As34Te51Ag15 Glasses Studied with XRD, ND and EXAFS and Modeled with RMS ................................. 341 B. Monchev, T. Petkova, P. Petkov, J. Philip: Thermal Behavior of Novel (GeS2)1−x(AgI)x Glasses................ 353 S. Boycheva, V. Vassilev, T. Hristova-Vasileva, A. Krasilnikova Sytchkova, J.P. Reithmaier: Microstructural, Morphological and Optical Characterization of As2Se3–As2Te3–Sb2Te3 Amorphous Layers .......................... 357 T. Kohoutek, T. Wagner, M. Frumar, A. Chrissanthopoulos, O. Kostadinova, S.N. Yannopoulos: Nanocolloidal Solutions of As–S Glasses and Their Relation to the Surface Morphology of Spin-Coated Amorphous Films........................ 361 T. Kavetskyy, O. Shpotyuk, I. Kaban, W. Hoyer, J. Filipecki: Nanostructural Characterization of Amorphous Chalcogenides by X-Ray Diffraction and Positron Annihilation Techniques ........................................................... 365 D. Ilieva, E. Kashchieva, Y. Dimitriev, R. Yordanova: Heterogeneous Structures in the Systems В2О3–МО3–СoО and В2О3–МoО3–Fe2O3 ............................................................. 371 D. Tonchev, G. Belev, S. Panigrahi, C. Varoy, A. Edgar, H. von Seggern, S.O. Kasap: Rare-Earth doped Fluorochlorozirconate (FCZ) Glasses and Glass-Ceramics: Selected Thermal Properties and X-Ray Luminescence in Samarium Doped FCZ........................................................... 377 x CONTENTS 6. APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS 6.1. ELECTROCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS P. Paunović: Mixed Nano-Scaled Electrode Materials for Hydrogen Evolution............................................................. 391 T. Stankulov, W. Obretenov, B. Banov, A. Momchilov, A. Trifonova: Silicon/Graphite Nanostructured Composites for a High Efficiency Lithium-Ion Batteries Anode.................. 399 B. Ketterer, H. Vasilchina, S. Ulrich, M. Stüber, H. Leiste, C. Adelhelm, T. Kaiser, Th. Schimmel: Magnetron Sputtered Thin Film Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries in the System Li–Co–O.................... 405 6.2. DATA STORAGE D. Lencer and M. Wuttig: Phase-Change Materials for Non-Volatile Data Storage................................................... 413 P. Ilchev, P. Petkov, D. Wamwangi, M. Wuttig: Structure and Crystallization Behaviour of (GeTe5)100−xGax Nanosized Thin Films for Phase-Change Applications............................... 429 A. Pradel and A.A. Piarristeguy: Ag-Conducting Chalcogenide Glasses: Applications in Programmable Metallization Cells ....... 435 6.3. OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS J.P. Reithmaier: Nanostructured Semiconductor Materials for Optoelectronic Applications ................................................ 447 6.4. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS W. Kulisch and C. Popov: Ultrananocrystalline Diamond/ Amorphous Carbon Nanocomposite Films for Biotechnological Applications............................................. 479

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