NanoSTRUCTURED MATERIALS (An Acta Metallurgica, Inc. Journal) VOLUME 1, 1992 CONTENTS AND AUTHOR INDEX AIMS AND SCOPE Advances in high performance materials for a variety of applications will increasingly depend on our ability to control the size, distribution and morphology of their constituent grains and phases at the nanoscale level (less than 100 nm). Capabilities for synthesizing such nanostructured materials are becoming available, so that it is possible to produce the quantities of materials needed for prototype development and testing. The primary mission of the journal for NanoSTRUCTURED MATERIALS is to provide an international and interdisciplinary forum for the effective dissemination of scientific and technical information on the synthesis, processing, theory, computational modeling, structure, properties, performance and applications of nanostructured materials. The materials of interest include metals, ceramics, polymers, semiconductors, superconductors, and magnetic, optical and electronic materials, and their composites. Synthesis routes of interest include chemical and physical vapor deposition, mechanical milling, gas phase pyrolysis and condensation, electrodeposition, cryochemical synthesis, lases pyrolysis, gel synthesis, and other methods with applications for structural materials, coatings, thin film devices, membranes, catalysts, sensors, etc. The following are major areas of concentration of the journal: ¢ Clusters and cluster assembled materials; ¢ Ultrafine powders, thin films, coatings, multilayers, and fibrous materials Structure and characterization of nanophases; Synthesis and processing of nanostructured materials: physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods; Properties: mechanical, electrical, optical, rheological, magnetic, etc; Performance and applications: tribology, corrosion, etc; Related fields such as: nanolithography, nanodevices, etc. NanoSTRUCTURED MATERIALS will rapidly publish research papers and regular invited review papers on scientific and technical issues in this rapidly evolving field. The journal will strive to maintain an international representation in published papers, and will, from time to time, co-sponsor regional, national and international meetings. PERGAMON PRESS New York * Oxford * Seoul * Tokyo NGNOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS (ISSN 0965-9773) Principal Editors: B.H. Kear R.W. Siegel T. Tsakalakos Rutgers University, USA Argonne National Rutgers University, USA Laboratory, USA Editorial Staff: K. Paige K. Finnerty Assistant Editor Production Editor Editorial Board: L.E. Brus H. Gleiter E.L. Thomas AT&T Bell Laboratories, USA __ Universitat des Saarlandes, Massachusetts Institute of Germany Technology, USA R.W. Cahn G. Thomas Bate: : S. Ranganathan : ae University of Cambridge, UK Indian Institute of Science, India =) Califomia-Berkeley, M.Doyama ; R.E. Smalley M.J. Yacaman Nishi- Tokyo University, Japan _ Rice University, USA UNAM, Mexico Associate Editors: A. Aksay M.S. Dresselhaus A.F. Jankowski, 1.K. Schuller Princeton University, USA Massachusetts Institute of Lawrence Livermore Univ. of California-San A. Amith Technology, USA National Laboratory, USA _ Diego, USA ITT Corporation, USA P. Edwards W.L. Johnson R.D. Shull R.S. Averback University of Birmingham, California Inst. of Tech..USA US Department of ; os , UK ; Commerce, USA Univ. of lilinois-Champaign, L.C. Klein USA F.H. Froes Rutgers University, USA A. Tholén E Baer University of Idaho, USA Technical Univ. of . U. Landman Denmark, Denmark Case Westem Reserve Univ., G. Hadjipanayis Georgia Inst. of Tech., USA University of Delaware, USA M. Uda om y M.A. Marcus Nisshin Steel, Japan A.E. Berkowitz H. Hahn AT&T, Bell Laboratories, K. Urban Univ. of California-San Diego, TH Darmstadt, Germany USA » OF ae USA thes: Forshungszentrum Julich, J. Hillairet R.E. Newnham Germany V.M. Castafio CEN-Grenoble, France Pennsylvania State Univ., 14 Weaver UNAM, Mexico P.S. Ho USA University of Minnesota, D.M. Cox Univ. of Texas-Austin, USA_ S.J. Riley USA ExUxSonA Research & Eng. Co., S. I:j ima Arg9o nne National J.R. Weertman NEC Corporation, Japan Laboratory, USA Northwestern University, LR.iJj.k sduen iJvoernsgiht et Leiden, “6S Urmarsity, usa AC.h aRlomseérns Univ. of Tech., RLU.S AW heton The Netherlands Sweden Univ. of California-Los Angeles, USA Editorial Office: Communications to the Editors and all manuscripts should be sent to Prof. Thomas Tsakalakos, NanoSTRUCTURED MATERIALS, College of Engineering, PO Box 909, Brett and Bowser Roads, Piscataway, NJ 08855-0909, USA. Publishing, Advertising and Subscription Offices: Pergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153, USA, INTERNET “"[email protected]" or Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford, OX3 OBW, England. Published Bimonthly (Volumes 2 and 3, 12 issues, in 1993). Annual institutional subscription rate (1993): US$650.00 (£406.00) US dollars prices are definitive. Sterling prices are quoted for convenience only, and are subject to exchange rate fluctuation. Prices include postage and insurance and are subject to change without notice. Special reduced rates for individuals: in the interests of maximizing the dissemination of the research results presented in this important international journal, subscription to the journal has been made available to members of the co-operating and co-sponsoring societies at much reduced rates: For members of the TMS - $40.00 For members of co-operating societies of Acta METALLURGICA - $40.00 For members of sponsoring societies of Acta METALLURGICA - $40.00 NanoSTRUCTURED MATERIALS Vo. 1, pp. 1-6, 1993 0965-9773/93 $6.00 + .00 CopvriGHTt ©1993 PERGAMON Press LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED IN THE USA NanoSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LIST OF CONTENTS, VOLUME 1, 1992 Volume 1, Number 1 1992 January-February Contents Preface KEYNOTE PAPER Materials with ultrafine microstructures: Retrospectives and perspectives SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING PR Strutt, KE GONSALVES AND Synthesis of polymerized preceramic nanoparticle TD Xia powders by laser irradiation of metalorganic precursors B GONTHER AND A KUMPMANN Ultrafine oxide powders prepared by inert gas evaporation X Miao AND PM Marauis Vitreous sintering of heterocoagulated alumina silica sols RB ScHwarz, PB Descu, Synthesis and properties of trialuminides with ultra- S SRINIVASAN AND P NASH fine microstructures J A Switzer Electrochemical architecture of ceramic nanocomposites COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE JA EAsTMAN, MR Fitzsimmons, Characterization of nanocrystalline Pd by X-ray M MOLLeR-STACH, G WALLNER AND diffraction and EXAFS WT E.am JC PARKER AND RW SIEGEL Optical determination of the oxygen stoichiometry of nanophase metal-oxide materials LC CHEN AND F SPAEPEN Grain growth in microcrystalline materials studied by calorimetry BM PartTERSON, KM UNRUH AND Melting and freezing behavior of ultrafine granular SI SHAH metal films LE Brus Structure and electronic states of quantum semiconductor crystallites PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE S GANGOPADHYAY, GC HADJIPANAYIS, Magnetism of ultrafine particles B Date, CM SORENSEN AND KJ KLABUNDE RD ScHutt AND LH BENNETT Nanocomposite magnetic materials V PROVENZANO, NP Louat, MA Imam Ultrafine superstrength materials AND K SADANANDA H HAHN AND RS AVERBACK High temperature mechanical properties of nanostructured ceramics M UDA Production of ultrafine metal and alloy powders by nydrogen thermal plasma List OF CONTENTS Volume 1, Number 2 1992 March-April Contents SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING GM Cuow AND AS EDELSTEIN Sputter deposition of nanocrystals and nanocomposites S IWAMA AND K HAYAKAWA Vaporization and condensation of metals in a flowing gas with high velocity LE McCanbLisH, BH KEAR AND BK Kim Processing and properties of nanostructured WC-Co HJ FecHT Synthesis and properties of nanocrystalline metals and alloys prepared by mechanical attrition COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE JA Lupo AND MJ SABOCHICK Structure and elastic properties of nanophase silicon SN KHANNA AND P JENA Novel phenomenon in charged clusters H Kuwano, H OuyYAnc AND B Futtz A Mossbauer spectrometry study of nanophase Cr- Fe synthesized by mechanical alloying: A measurement of grain boundary width JY YING AND JB BENZIGER Structural characterization of silica during sintering SJ RiLey Chemical determination of the geometrical structure of isolated transition metal clusters DM Cox, B KESSLER, P Fayver, Chemical and electronic properties of size selected W EBeRruHanor, Z Fu, D SONDERICHER, metal clusters: XPS studies of gold clusters R. SHERWOOD AND A KALDOR PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE R KiRCHHEIM, XY Huana, P Cul, Free energy of active atoms in grain boundaries of R BIRRINGER AND H GLEITER nanocrystalline copper, nickel and palladium RS AverBack, HJ HOFLER, H HAHN Sintering and grain growth in nanocrystalline AND JC LOGAS ceramics CL CHIEN Nanostructure-induced properties in granular metallic solids GW Nieman, JP WEERTMAN AND Mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals RW SIEGEL C SURYANARAYANA AND FH FROES Production of nanostructure titanium-based alloys by mechanical alloying List OF CONTENTS Volume 1, Number 3 1992 May-June Contents SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING SC DANFORTH Synthesis and Processing of Ultrafine Powders for SigN4 Ceramics M Oba, E Fucuita, M TSuNEIzuMi, Gas Deposition Films of Ultra Fine Particles S KaSHU AND C HAYASHI C C Kocu AND YS CHo Nanocrystals by High Energy Ball Milling COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE GC Joo, Z KALMAN, T TSAKALAKOS, On the Growth of NiAl Intermetallics on III-V SP CHEN, T SANDS, J HARBISON AND Semiconductors V KERAMIDAS A CHAUDHARY AND H GEGEL Continuum Modeling of Ultrafine Particulate Material Processing S RAMASAMY Mossbauer Studies Related to Grain Boundary Investigations in Nanocrystals M D BENTZON AND AR THOLEN Fresnel Contrast from a Regular Lattice of Nanosized Particles Y-M CHIANG, IP SmyTu, Measurement of Grain Boundary Properties in CD TERWILLIGER, WT PETUSKEY AND Nanocrystalline Ceramics JA EASTMAN M José-YACAMAN Anomalous Structures in Nanophases PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE BM Patterson, M Atiitt, KM UnruH, Transport Properties of Metallic Granular Metal Thin JR BEAMISH AND P SHENG Films LI TRusov AND VG GRYAZNOV Highly Dispersed Systems and Nanocrystals LG FRITZEMEIER High Strength, High Conductivity Composites G HERZER AND H WARLIMONT Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Materials by Partial Crystallization of Amorphous Alloys List OF CONTENTS Volume 1, Number 4 1992 July-August Contents SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING CR Arma ano WS Tait 269 Nanocrystalline Aluminum Nitride: Growth by Sputter Deposition, Optical Absorption, and Corrosion Protection Behavior SW Lyons, LM Wane ano TT Kooas Nanophase Oxide Formation by Intraparticle Reaction NC Anaastiniotis, BH Kear, Formation and Alloying of LE McCanotisH, KV RaMANUJACHARY Nanostructured B-W Powders AND M GREENBLATT COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE T Hausoip ano V GeaTsMAN On the Structure and Properties of Nanostructured Copper- Tungsten Alloys G Sxanoan, CM Foster, H Frase, Phase Characterization and MN Au, JC Parker AND H HaHN Stabilization due to Grain Size Effects of Nanostructured Y,0, MA Marcus, LE Baus, C Murray, EXAFS Studies of Cd Chalcogenide MG Bawenoi, A Prasap, AP Ativisatos Nanocrystals PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE R Skomski, M EnRECH AND Resistance and Structure of JMD Coey Metallic Multilayers Q Yitai, H Yuan, W CHENGYUN On the Thermal Stability of Pure C Zuvao, L Bine, F CHeNGao and Doped SnO,, Ultrafine Particles J RatHousxy, A ZuKaL, N JAEGER Effect of Embedded Platinum AND G Scuutz-ExLorF Dispersion of the Structure of the Zeolite Host List OF CONTENTS Volume 1, Number 5 1992 September-October Contents GM Cnuow, T Amsrose, JQ Xiao, 361 Chemical Precipitation and ME Twiae, S Barac, AM Ervin, Properties of Nanocrystalline Fe-Cu SB Qapri AND CR Fence Alloy and Composite Powders MJ Tracy ano JR Groza Nanophase Structure in Nb Rich- Nb.Al Alloy by Mechanical Alloying M Zuao, X Li, Z Wana, L Sona, The Effect of Pressure on the L Xiao and B Xu Specific Surface Area and Density of Nanocrystalline Ceramic Powders IK ScHuLLER AND Y BRUYNSERAEDE Quantitative X-ray Diffraction from Thin Films JM MonTEeJANO-CARRIZALES AND Geometrical Characteristics of JL MorAn-Lopez Compact Nanoclusters GC Joo, T TsaKaALaKos AND SP CHeNn Interface Relaxations in Epitaxial NiAl! intermetallics Z Cui AND H HAHN Tensile Deformation of Nanostructured TiO, at Low Temperatures D Vo.iLaTH AND KE Sickarus Synthesis of Nanosized Ceramic Oxide Powders by Microwave Plasma Reactions List OF CONTENTS Volume 1, Number 6 1992 November-December Contents J WeissmO.Ler, W Krauss, THausoin, 439 Atomic Structure and Thermal RF Birrincer AND H GierrerR Stability of Nanostructured Y-Fe Alloys S Gancorapxyvay, GC HanuiPanaris, Effect of Exchange Anisotropy on the CM Sorensen AND KJ KLABUNDE Hysteresis Behavior of Co Particles ML Truoeau, L Dicnaro-Baiey, The Oxidation of Nanocrystalline R Scuurz, P Tessier, L Zausxi, FeTi Hydrogen Storage Compounds DH Ryan ano JO Strom-O.sen JA Eastman, MR Fitzsimmons, Diffraction Studies of the Thermal LJ THompson, AC Lawson AND Properties of Nanocrystalline Pd RA Rosinson and Cr RT Leonaro ano CC Kocx Nanoscale Composites of Si/Sn and Ge/Sn Synthesized by Mechanical Attrition Fabrication and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Oxides by Crystalliza- tion of Amorphous Precursors V Haas ano R BirrinceR The Morphology and Size of Nano- structured Cu, Pd and W Generated by Sputtering H Wan, A Tsouxatos, YJ Zana, Magnetic Properties of Er-Ta Granular GC Haouipanayis ano SI SHAH Thin Films U Herr ano K Samwer Formation of Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Phases by Mechanical Alloying in the System W-Fe H-E Scuaerer, H Kiser, H KRonmOLLER 523 Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline ano R WorscHum Nickel NanoSTRUCTURED MATERIALS Vo. 1, pp. 7-8, 1993 0965-9773/93 $6.00 + .00 CopyvRiGHT ©1993 PERGAMON Press LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED IN THE USA NanoSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AUTHOR INDEX, VOLUME 1, 1992 Aita, C.R., 269 Feng, C.R., 361 Khanna, S.N., 137 Ali, M.N., 313 Fitzsimmons, M.R., 47 Kim, B.K., 119 Alivisatos, A.P., 323 Fitzsimmons, M.R., 465 Kirchheim, R., 167 Allitt, M., 245 Foster, C.M., 313 Kisker, H., 523 Ambrose, T., 361 Frase, H., 313 Klabunde, K.J., 77,449 Angastiniotis, N.C., 293 Fritzemeier, L.G., 257 Koch, C.C., 207, 471 Averback, R.S., 95, 173 Froes, F.H., 191 Kodas, T.T., 283 Baral, S., 361 Fu, Z., 161 Krauss, W., 439 Bawendi, M.G., 323 Fuchita, E., 203 Kronmiiller, H., 523 Beamish, J.R., 245 Fultz, B., 143 Kumpmann, A., 27 Bennett, L.H., 83 Gangopadhyay, S., 77, 449 Kuwano, H., 143 Bentzon, M.D., 229 Gegel, H., 219 Lawson, A.C., 465 Benziger, J.B., 149 Gertsman, V., 303 Leonard, R.T., 471 Bing, L., 347 Gleiter, H., 1, 167, 439 Li, X., 379 Birringer, R., 167, 439, 491 Gonsalves, K.E., 21 Logas, J.C., 173 Brus, L.E., 71, 323 Greenblatt, M., 293 Louat, N.P., 89 Bruynseraede, Y., 387 Groza, J.R., 369 Lupo, J.A., 131 Chaim, R., 479 Gryaznov, V.G., 251 Lyons, S.W., 283 Chaudhary, A., 219 Giinther, B., 27 Marcus, M.A., 323 Chen, L.C., 59 Haas, V., 491 Marquis, P.M., 31 Chen, S.P., 213, 411 Hadjipanayis, G.C., McCandlish, L.E., 119, 293 Chengao, F., 347 77, 449, 505 Miao, X., 31 Chengyun, W., 347 Hahn, H., 95, 173, 313, 419 Montejano-Carrizales, J.M., Chiang, Y.-M., 235 Harbison, J., 213 397 Chien, C.L., 179 Haubold, T., 303, 439 Mordn-Lépez, J.L., 397 Cho, Y.S., 207 Hayakawa, K., 113 Miiller-Stach, M., 47 Chow, G.M., 107,361 Hayashi, C., 203 Murray, C., 323 Coey, J.M.D., 337 Herr, U., 515 Nash, P., 37 Cox, D.M., 161 Herzer, G., 263 Nieman, G.W., 185 Cui, P., 167 H6fler, H.J., 173 Oda, M., 203 Cui, Z., 419 Huang, X.Y., 167 Ouyang, H., 143 Dale, B., 77 Imam, M.A., 89 Parker, J.C., 53, 313 Danforth, S.C., 197 Iwama, S., 113 Patterson, B.M., 65, 245 Desch, P.B., 37 Jaeger, N., 355 Petuskey, W.T., 235 Dignard-Bailey, L., 457 Jena, P., 137 Prasad, A., 323 Eastman, J.A., 47, 235, 465 Joo, G.C., 213, 411 Provenzano, V., 89 Eberhardt, W., 161 José-Yacaman, M., 241 Qadri, $.B., 361 Edelstein, A.S., 107 Kaldor, A., 161 Ramanujachary, K.V., 293 Elam, W.T., 47 Kalman, Z., 213 Ramasamy, S., 225 Enrech, M., 337 Kashu, S., 203 Rathousky, J., 355 Ervin, A.M., 361 Kear, B.H., 119, 293 Riley, $.J., 155 Fayet, P., 161 Keramidas, V., 213 Robinson, R.A., 465 Fecht, H.J., 125 Kessler, B., 161 Ryan, D.H., 457 AUTHOR INDEX Sabochick, M.J., 131 Spaepen, F., 59 Wallner, G., 47 Sadananda, K., 89 Srinivasan, S., 37 Wan, H., 505 Samwer, K., 515 Strom-Olsen, J.0., 457 Wang, L.M., 283 Sands, T., 213 Strutt, P.R., 21 Wang, Z., 379 Schaefer, H.-E., 523 Suryanarayana, C., 191 Warlimont, H., 263 Schuller, I.K., 387 Switzer, J.A., 43 Weertman, J.P., 185 Schulz-Ekloff, G., 355 Tait, W.S., 269 Weissmiiller, J., 439 Schulz, R., 457 Terwilliger, C.D., 235 Wiirschum, R., 523 Schwarz, R.B., 37 Tessier, P., 457 Xiao, J.Q., 361 Shah, S.1., 65, 505 Thdlén, A.R., 229 Xiao, L., 379 Sheng, P., 245 Thompson, L.J., 465 Xiao, T.D., 21 Sherwood, R., 161 Tracy, M.J., 369 Xu, B., 379 Shull, R.D., 83 Trudeau, M.L., 457 Ying, J.Y., 149 Sickafus, K.E., 427 Trusov, L.L, 251 Yitai, Q., 347 Siegel, R.W., 53, 185 Tsakalakos, T., 213, 411 Yuan, H., 347 Skandan, G., 313 Tsoukatos, A., 505 Zaluski, L., 457 Skomski, R., 337 Tsuneizumi, M., 203 Zhang, Y.J., 505 Smyth, LP., 235 Twigg, M.E., 361 Zhao, M., 379 Sondericher, D., 161 Uda, M., 101 Zukal, A., 355 Song, L., 379 Unruh, K.M., 65, 245 Zuyao, C., 347 Sorensen, C.M., 77, 449 Vollaih, D., 427