Nano/Micro Science and Technology in Biorheology: Principles, Methods, and Applications PDF
Preview Nano/Micro Science and Technology in Biorheology: Principles, Methods, and Applications
Nano/Micro Science and Technology in Biorheology Principles, Methods, and Applications Rio Kita Toshiaki Dobashi Editors 123 Nano/Micro Science and Technology in Biorheology Rio Kita (cid:129) Toshiaki Dobashi Editors Nano/Micro Science and Technology in Biorheology Principles, Methods, and Applications Editors RioKita ToshiakiDobashi DepartmentofPhysics DivisionofMolecularScience, TokaiUniversity FacultyofScienceandTechnology Hiratsuka,Kanagawa,Japan GunmaUniversity Kiryu,Gunma,Japan ISBN978-4-431-54885-0 ISBN978-4-431-54886-7 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-4-431-54886-7 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015942247 SpringerTokyoHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon #SpringerJapan2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerJapanKKispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface The Japanese Society of Biorheology was established in 1977 by scientists and expertsinawide varietyoffieldswhowere interestedindeformation andflowin biologicalsystemsandtheircomponents,withSyotenOka,apioneerinthisfield, being the first president. Since then, the Society has been offering researchers the opportunitytohave common information andrecognitioninthisinterestinginter- disciplinary field that relates life science, clinical medicine, medical engineering, food science, physics, chemistry, and other fields. It is evident that recent developments in biorheology have not only expanded the range of fields that it coversbutalsodeepenedeachfieldbyintegratingnewmethods,technologies,and theories. Thus, to provide current leading information, the Society intends to publish a series of books on recent topics in biorheology. This book, the first one of the series, deals with nano/micro science and technology in biorheology. Mea- surement techniques on the nano- and microscale developed over the past few decades are now indispensable for analyzing complex phenomena in biological systemsfromtheaspectofbiorheology,becausethemaintargetsofbiorheologyare generallyinhomogeneousatthesescales.Thetopicsraisedinthisbookshouldbeof particular interest to readers working at research facilities in both industry and academia dealing with cutting-edge bio-related subjects, and it is hoped that the book will provide suggestions helping them to solve problems they encounter in theirwork. Hiratsuka,Kanagawa,Japan RioKita Kiryu,Gunma,Japan ToshiakiDobashi v Contents 1 IntroductionofNano/MicroScienceandTechnology inBiorheology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 RioKitaandToshiakiDobashi 2 RheologicalAspectsofConformationalChange andMolecularAggregationofMacromolecules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 YasuyukiMaki 3 ElongationalFlowBirefringenceInvestigationofDynamics ofDNAMolecules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 NaokiSasaki 4 NonequilibriumStructureFormationofComplexBilayer MembraneLamellarPhaseUnderShear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 ShujiFujii 5 DiffusionandThermalDiffusionbyMeansofDynamicLight ScatteringandLaserHolography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 RioKita 6 DiffusionMeasurementsofWaterandPolymers inHydrogelsbyPulsedFieldGradientNMR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 ShingoMatsukawaandTomBrenner 7 RheologicalBasisofMagneticResonanceElastography. . . . . . . . . 157 TakaoYamamoto 8 DynamicsofWater,Biomaterials,andSkinInvestigated byMeansofDielectricRelaxationSpectroscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 ShinYagihara 9 DynamicsandGlassTransitionofAqueousSolutions ofMolecularLiquid,Polymer,andProteinStudied byBroadbandDielectricSpectroscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 NaokiShinyashiki vii viii Contents 10 BiorheologicalAspectofMicrocapsules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 NaokoTomitaandToshiakiDobashi 11 BiomedicalApplicationofSoftNano-/Microparticles. . . . . . . . . . . 261 JieWu,XiZhao,Yue-QiWang,andGuang-HuiMa 12 ControloftheMulti-scaleStructureofScaffolds andItsApplicationinTissueEngineering.. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. 295 KazuyaFurusawa 13 SensingofBiomoleculesandCellsbySemiconductorDevice. . . . . 323 ToshiyaSakata 14 FromSingle-MoleculeDNAImagingtoDevelopment ofaGeneDeliverySystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 YuichiYamasaki 15 AtomicForceMicroscopy:ImagingandRheology ofLivingCells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 TakaharuOkajima 16 Supplement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 RioKitaandToshiakiDobashi Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 1 Introduction of Nano/Micro Science and Technology in Biorheology Rio Kita and Toshiaki Dobashi Rheology is the science of the deformation and flow responses of viscoelastic materials resulting from stimulation, mainly by inducing mechanical stress. The stimulus-responserelationshiporresponsefunctionisacharacteristicofmaterials, andthusrheologyprovidesgeneraltheoreticalandexperimentalapproachesthatcan beappliedtothestudyofanobject.Thisenablesustounderstandthemacroscopic elasticity,viscosity,andviscoelasticityofmaterialsonamolecularbasis. Over the past few decades, knowledge of the fundamental science on which rheologyisbasedhasincreasedconsiderably.Forexample,thephasetransitionof soft matter such as polymers and liquid crystals has been explained in a unified manner [1]. A description of irreversible thermodynamics in relation to rheology has been attempted.Critical phenomena associated with the anomalous growth of fluctuations near the critical point indicate the universality of such phenomena independentofmaterials[2].Thedirectapplicationoftheseprogressesinphysics and the modification of the rheological concept, however, seem to be limited. On theotherhand,considerableprogressinmeasurementtechniquesandnewlydevel- opedmethods such asmassspectroscopy [3],nuclear magneticresonance (NMR) [4, 5], femtosecond spectroscopy [6], the use of imaging CCD sensors [7], and scanning probe microscopy [8] has markedly affected the study of rheology. The methodofparticletrackingusingamicroscopeknownasmicrorheologyiscarried out by measuring the motion of colloidal particles to determine the mechanical R.Kita DepartmentofPhysics,TokaiUniversity,4-1-1Kitakaname, Hiratsuka,Kanagawa259-1292,Japan e-mail:[email protected] T.Dobashi(*) DivisionofMolecularScience,FacultyofScienceandTechnology, GunmaUniversity,1-5-1Tenjin,376-8515Kiryu,Gunma,Japan e-mail:[email protected] #SpringerJapan2015 1 R.Kita,T.Dobashi(eds.),Nano/MicroScienceandTechnologyinBiorheology, DOI10.1007/978-4-431-54886-7_1
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