Nanoindentation of Brittle Solids

472 Pages·2014·55.337 MB·English

by  Arjun Dey, Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay

Materials Science M Nanoindentation
u
k
“This book is written in a very colloquial style and subdivided into many small h
o D
sections, each with a different group of authors… The emphasis is very much p e
on the use of pointed indenters to investigate the micro and nano-mechanical ad y of Brittle Solids
properties of brittle materials. The strength of the book is the wide range of brittle h
y
materials that the book covers. It also provides the basis upon which the science of a
y
nano- or instrumented indentation mechanics is based. … a convenient reference
book for students and researchers in the area of brittle materials.”
N
––Michael Swain, Biomaterials, The University of Sydney, Australia
a
“The book covers a wide range of topics and as such can attract a wide variety
n
of the audience. … for insight of practical issues that are encountered when
dealing with nanoindentation and brittle materials. It can also serve as a valuable o
source of references in the field.” i
––Jiri Nemecek, Czech Technical University in Prague n
d
Understanding the Basics of Nanoindentation and Why It Is Important
e
n
Contact damage–induced brittle fracture is a common problem in the field of
brittle solids. In the case of both glass and ceramics—and as it relates to both t
a
natural and artificial bio-materials—it has triggered the need for improved
fabrication technology and new product development in the industry. t
i
o
The Nanoindentation Technique Is Especially Dedicated to Brittle Materials Arjun Dey
n
Nanoindentation of Brittle Solids highlights the science and technology of Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay
o
nanoindentation related brittle materials, and considers the applicability of the
nanoindentation technique. This book provides a thorough understanding of f

basic contact–induced deformation mechanisms, damage initiation, and growth
B
mechanisms. Starting from the basics of contact mechanics and nanoindentation,
it considers contact mechanics, addresses contact issues in brittle solids, and r
explores the concepts of hardness and elastic modulus of a material. It examines i
t
a variety of brittle solids and deciphers the physics of deformation and fracture at
t
scale lengths compatible with the microstructural unit block. l
e
This text provides a brief history of indentation, and explores the science and
S
technology of nanoindentation and brittle materials.
o
l
i
d
K20801
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW s
Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 ISBN: 978-1-4665-9690-0
711 Third Avenue 90000
New York, NY 10017
an informa business
2 Park Square, Milton Park
www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK
9 781466 596900
w w w. c r c p r e s s . c o m
K20801 cvr mech.indd 1 4/1/14 8:31 AM

Nanoindentation
of Brittle Solids

Nanoindentation
of Brittle Solids
Arjun Dey
Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay
The figures on the cover are from experiments conducted at the ‘Nanoindentation Laboratory’ of the
Mechanical Property Evaluation Section under the Materials Characterization Division of CSIR-Cen-
tral Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata.
Top row, left to right: SPM images of 4 × 4 square array of Berkovich nanoindentation on fused quartz,
SPM images of array of scratch trails on DLC based composite thin film and SPM image of a Berkovich
nanoindent on soda-line-silica glass.
Bottom row, left to right: FESEM image of a Berkovich nanoindent on soda-line-silica glass, optical
micrograph of 4 × 4 square array of Berkovich nanoindentation on human cortical bone at cross sec-
tion and FESEM image of a Berkovich nanoindent on microplasma sprayed bioactive hydroxyapatite
coating.
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20140404
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-9691-7 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and
publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication
and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any
copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any
future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information stor-
age or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copy-
right.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that pro-
vides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a pho-
tocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Dedicated to
Manju, Brishti, Tutum
and
Omprita

Contents
Prologue................................................................................................................xxi
Preface ..................................................................................................................xxv
Acknowledgments ............................................................................................xxix
About the Authors ..........................................................................................xxxiii
Contributors ....................................................................................................xxxvii
Section 1 Contact Mechanics
1. Contact Issues in Brittle Solids ....................................................................3
Payel Bandyopadhyay, Debkalpa Goswami, Nilormi Biswas, Arjun Dey,
and Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay
1.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................3
1.2 Elasticity and Plasticity ........................................................................3
1.3 Stresses ...................................................................................................5
1.4 Conclusions ..........................................................................................10
References .......................................................................................................10
2. Mechanics of Elastic and Elastoplastic Contacts ...................................13
Manjima Bhattacharya, Arjun Dey, and Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay
2.1 Introduction .........................................................................................13
2.2 The Different Models ..........................................................................14
2.2.1 The Elastic Indentation Model .............................................14
2.2.2 The Rigid Perfectly Plastic Model .......................................16
2.2.3 The Spherical-Cavity Expansion Model .............................16
2.2.4 The Elastic and Perfectly Plastic Model ..............................18
2.3 Conclusions ..........................................................................................18
References .......................................................................................................19
Section 2 Journey towards Nanoindentation
3. Brief History of Indentation .......................................................................23
Nilormi Biswas, Arjun Dey, and Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay
3.1 Introduction .........................................................................................23
3.2 How Did It All Happen? ....................................................................23
3.3 And Then There Was a… ...................................................................23
3.4 Modern Developments: Nineteenth-Century Scenario .................24
3.5 Comparison of Techniques ................................................................25
3.6 Major Developments beyond 1910 ....................................................25
vii
viii Contents
3.7 Beyond the Vickers and Knoop Indenters .......................................26
3.8 Conclusions ..........................................................................................27
References .......................................................................................................27
4. Hardness and Elastic Modulus ..................................................................31
Nilormi Biswas, Arjun Dey, and Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay
4.1 Introduction .........................................................................................31
4.2 Conceptual Issues ...............................................................................31
4.3 Beyond the Hertzian Era: Modern Contact Mechanics .................33
4.4 The Experimental Issues ....................................................................33
4.5 Elastic Modulus ...................................................................................33
4.6 Techniques to Determine Elastic Modulus .....................................34
4.7 Conclusions ..........................................................................................36
References .......................................................................................................37
5. Nanoindentation: Why at All and Where? ..............................................39
Arjun Dey, Payel Bandyopadhyay, Nilormi Biswas, Manjima
Bhattacharya, Riya Chakraborty, I. Neelakanta Reddy, and
Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay
5.1 Introduction .........................................................................................39
5.1.1 Depth-Control Mode .............................................................39
5.1.2 Location-Control Mode .........................................................39
5.1.3 Phase-Control Mode ..............................................................41
5.2 In Situ Nanoindentation .....................................................................42
5.3 Conclusions ..........................................................................................43
References .......................................................................................................43
6. Nanoindentation Data Analysis Methods ...............................................45
Manjima Bhattacharya, Arjun Dey, and Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay
6.1 Introduction .........................................................................................45
6.2 Modeling of the Nanoindentation Process ......................................47
6.2.1 Oliver-Pharr Model ................................................................47
6.2.2 Doerner-Nix Model ...............................................................49
6.2.3 Field-Swain Model .................................................................49
6.2.4 Mayo-Nix Model ....................................................................49
6.3 Conclusions ..........................................................................................51
References .......................................................................................................52
7. Nanoindentation Techniques .....................................................................53
Manjima Bhattacharya, Arjun Dey, and Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay
7.1 Introduction .........................................................................................53
7.1.1 Hardness Analysis .................................................................53
7.2 Conclusions ..........................................................................................55
References .......................................................................................................55