Nano-catalysts for Energy Applications

210 Pages·2021·10.119 MB·English

by  Rohit Srivastava (editor)

Nano-catalysts for Energy

Applications

Editor
Rohit Srivastava
Assistant Professor

School of Petroleum Technology

Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University

Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

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A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
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First edition published 2021
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Srivastava, Rohit, editor.

Title: Nano-catalysts for energy applications / editor, Rohit Srivastava.

Description: First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press ; Taylor & Francis
Group, 2021. | “CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group,
an Informa business.” | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2021004510 | ISBN 9780367536435 (hardcover)

Subjects: LCSH: Nanostructured materials. | Catalysts. | Renewable energy
sources--Technological innovations. | Clean energy--Technological
innovations.
Classification: LCC TA418.9.N35 N248555 2021 | DDC 621.042028/4--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021004510
ISBN: 978-0-367-53643-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-53644-2 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-08272-9 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003082729
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Radiant Productions
Preface

The worldwide consumption of continuous fossil fuels and petrochemical-based
products are increasing. Incessant removal of fossil fuels from earth and rapidly
growing industrialization, found on such fuel generated energy are expected to create
a crucial problem in terms of environmental imbalance and scarcity of such fuels
within decades. The scientific community now therefore must yield more in search
of alternative renewable energy to comply with the pace of current civilization. It is
expected that within the next 30 years the demand of global fossil would become
double and the energy produced from crude oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear
energy, will fall short of fulfilling the increasing demand of energy for sustaining
human civilization. Moreover, continuous release of CO in the environment due to
2
combustion of fossil fuels and increasing population is now a major threat to mankind
and the animal world on account of global warming and allied consequences. One is
now left with no other option, except searching for clean and renewable alternatives
of usable energy and manipulating the utilization of available energy resources such
as, solar, wind, water and biomass Now a days among all the research areas, the
worldwide scientific community is committed to bringing down the requirement
of fossil fuels and compensate the same with alternative renewable energies from
various pollutants and waste materials that are constantly threatening lives on earth.
The research in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology is interdisciplinary and
now becomes very promising among the fields that have experienced impressive
advances undergoing explosive growth. Among the current subjects in nanoscience
and nanotechnology, the design and fabrication of advanced nanomaterials as
catalysts are of great interest to the scientific community for energy applications. The
current advancements in this field can be noticed through development of catalysts
for water electrolysis, solar cells and efficiently enhance the overpotential of CO
2
reduction into other green fuels, researchers have demonstrated that a nanostructured
catalyst can exhibit very different behavior as compared to its bulk counterpart. A
nanostructured catalyst has recently shown emerging applications and have become
promising potential candidates to enhance the technologies for making energy devices
such as solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries and CO reduction.
2
The proposed book entitled “Nano-catalyst for Energy Applications”, aims at
an investigation of recent findings published during the last 5 to 10 years on the
most recent development in catalysis studies for energy applications. The proposed
book comprises of 11 contributing chapters from authors who are actively involved
in this field. Chapter 1 “Strategies in Nanocatalyst Towards Water Splitting and
Reduction of CO ” describes various experimental approaches about the synthesis of
2
iv Nano-catalysts for Energy Applications
nanohybrid and nanocomposite as electro-catalysts that have a promising application
for hydrogen production and CO reduction into green fuels. The chapter also
2
emphasize the challenges and issues that occur during electrolysis of water and CO
2
reduction. Chapter 2 “Hybrid Perovskite Photocatalysis for Energy Harvesting
and Energy Saving” describes the conversion of sunlight into electric energy by
the fabrication of Perovskite photocatalysis. This chapter gives a brief overview
of perovskite photocatalysis, materials synthesis, branches of perovskites, various
device architectures, device engineering and challenges to improve the power
conversion efficiency and potential of perovskites in other electronic applications.
Chapter 3 “Porphyrins Based Nanostructured Material for the Conversion of CO
2
into Value Added Products” demonstrates the utility of porphyrins as a catalyst for
CO reduction into value added products. In recent years, porphyrins-based materials
2
have attracted attention in order to improve the high selectivity and reliability for
CO conversion application. Chapter 4 “Application of Metallic Foam in Solar
2
Power System” describes the preparation methods of different kinds of metallic
foam and its application in solar power system. The fabrication of metal foams
are lightweight and naturally inspired cellular materials. Chapter 5 “Valorization
Chemistry: A Compendium on Photoreduction of CO to Biofuels over Nano
2
TiO ” describes the reduction of CO by photochemical methods. This chapter
2 2
deals with the photoreduction mechanism of CO over pristine and modified TiO
2 2
that have excelled in the reduction efficacy with high yield of product. Chapter 6
“Concept of Nanocatalyst and its Application in the Energy Domain”. This chapter
deals with various nanomaterials for hydrogen storage, catalytic behavior and
plasmonic application and most important biomedical advantages of nano-catalysts
are presented. The chapter also focuses on future aspects of nano-catalysts along
with their energy and environmental concern. Chapter 7 “Recent Advancement
of Electrocatalyst System in CO Reduction: Insights of Fe, Co and Ni Metallo-
2
ligand Clusters in Homogeneous Molecular Level” describes the electrochemical
reduction of CO into useful products which could be converted into fuel. The multi-
2
functionality and catalytic behavior of electrocatalyst strongly enhanced through
multinuclear metal clusters interaction. In this chapter properties and behaviors of Fe,
Co and Ni multinuclear metal clusters catalysts for CO reduction are also discussed.
2
Chapter 8 “Design of Alloy Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction from
First-principles Viewpoint” discusses the way to design the alloy structures and
study the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) properties such as intermediates,
reaction mechanisms, reaction rates and the stability of alloyed materials in the ORR
environment by using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Chapter 9 “Metal-Organic
Framework Catalyst for Energy Applications” gives an insight of a comprehensive
understanding and knowledge on MOFs and their catalytic application in energy
producing and storing devices. Chapter 10 “Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting and
Piezocatalysis” gives an overview of the fundamental and recent developments
of piezoelectric energy harvester. Finally, Chapter 11 “Metal Hollow Sphere as
Promising Electrocatalyst in Electrochemical Conversion of CO to Fuels”
2
summarizes various synthesis protocols of hollow spheres along with electrocatalytic
activity towards reduction of CO . It is believed that the proposed book would be of
2
Preface v
interest to graduate students, researchers, academicians and industrialists who are
working in the areas of energy and environment, biomass conversion, sustainability,
biofuels and chemical industries.
Last but not least, we would like to thank all contributors for their generous
support, the publisher for accepting our book and the administrative heads of
Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University (PDPU) Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India for
their encouragement and cooperation, without which it would have been extremely
difficult to complete this task on time.

Acknowledgment

I thank all the contributing authors for completing their chapters on time and without
their incredible support it would not have been possible to edit this book. My grateful
thanks to all my colleagues who worked tremendously to make this work successful.
Their enormous effort and devotion motivated us to work harder. My special thanks
to the publisher Taylor & Francis CRC press for providing such a great opportunity to
share our knowledge with the entire scientific community. I was motivated and excited
by the hard work, encouragement and passion of the people at Harvard University
USA and PDPU India. I also thank my 2 years old child Aadvika Srivastava for
being patient and a tremendous support. I would like to thank all my research group
members Avni Goswami, Pragya Singh, Shaista Nouseen and Sneha Lavate for their
patient and understanding with my overwhelming busy schedule and the consequent
unavailability during the last couple of months. Thanks to CHRO, Director SPT
and all the faculty members of SPT for their support and help. To the people who
really matter my parents and elder brothers for their humble support. Love you
all. Last but not least I would like to thank PDPU, India for providing the required
infrastructure and start up research grant. This research work was funded by SERB-
DST, New Delhi, under the scheme of “ASEAN-India Research & Development”
(Grant No: IMRC/AISTDF/CRD/2018/000048).

Contents

Preface iii

Acknowledgment vii

1. Strategies in Nanocatalyst towards Water Splitting and 1

Reduction of CO
2

Sneha Lavate and Rohit Srivastava
2. Hybrid Perovskite Photocatalysis for Energy Harvesting and 29

Energy Saving

Ankur Solanki and Silver-Hamill Turren-Cruz
3. Porphyrins Based Nanostructured Material for the Conversion 45

of CO into Value Added Products

2
Santosh Kumar, Joonseok Koh, Rohit Srivastava and Dinesh Kumar Gupta
4. Application of Metallic Foam in Solar Power System 66

Ajay Kumar P. and Vishnu Namboodiri V.
5. Valorization Chemistry: A Compendium on Photoreduction of 82

CO to Biofuels Over Nano TiO
2 2

Sounak Roy
6. Concept of Nanocatalyst and Its Application in the Energy Domain 96

Anand Sharma, Aparna Shukla and Jay Singh
7. Recent Advancement of Electrocatalyst System in CO Reduction: 114

2
Insights of Fe, Co and Ni Metallo-ligand Clusters in Homogeneous

Molecular Level

Jeevithra Dewi Subramaniam and Pei Meng Woi
8. Design of Alloy Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction 137

from First-Principles Viewpoint

Do Ngoc Son and Rohit Srivastava