Nano-antibiotics: Nano Encapsulation of Natural and Synthetic Antimicrobials to Combat Multi

267 Pages·2017·12.41 MB·English

Nano-antibiotics: Nano Encapsulation of Natural
and Synthetic Antimicrobials to Combat Multi
Drug Resistant Pathogens
By
Bushra Jamil
CIIT/FA12-PBS-008/ISB
PhD Thesis
In
Biosciences
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Islamabad- Pakistan

Spring, 2016
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Nano-antibiotics: Nano Encapsulation of Natural and
Synthetic Antimicrobials to Combat Multi Drug
Resistant Pathogens
A Thesis Presented to
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad
In partial fulfilment
of the requirement for the degree of
PhD (Biosciences)
By
Bushra Jamil
CIIT/FA12-PBS-008/ISB
Spring, 2016
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Nano-antibiotics: Nano Encapsulation of Natural and
Synthetic Antimicrobials to Combat Multi Drug
Resistant Pathogens
____________________________________________________
A Post Graduate Thesis submitted to the Department of Biosciences as partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of PhD (Biosciences).
Name Registration Number
Bushra Jamil CIIT/FA12-PBS-008/ISB
Supervisor
Dr. Muhammad Imran
Assistant Professor
Department of Biosciences
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) Islamabad Campus
Co-Supervisor
Dr. Habib Bokhari
Professor Department of Biosciences
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) Islamabad Campus
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Certificate of Approval

This is to certify that the research work presented in this thesis, entitled “Nano-
antibiotics: Nano Encapsulation of Natural and Synthetic Antimicrobials to
Combat Multi Drug resistant Pathogens” was conducted by Ms. Bushra Jamil,
CIIT/FA12-PBS-008/ISB, under the supervision of Dr. Muhammad Imran. No
part of this thesis has been submitted anywhere else for any other degree. This
thesis is submitted to the Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of
Information Technology, Islamabad, in the partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in field of Biosciences.

Student name: Bushra Jamil Signature: __________

Examinations committee:

External Examiner 1: External Examiner 2:

Prof. Dr. Safia Ahm ed (T.I) Dr. Faheem Tahir
P r o f e s s o r , Department of National Institute of Health,
Micar)o Ibnitoelrongayl ,E QxAamUi,n Iesrl:a m aba d I s l a m abad

Signature:_______________

Dr. Muhammad Imran Dr. Tayyaba Yasmin
Supervisor HoD, Department of Biosciences
Department of Biosciences CIIT, Islamabad
CIIT, Islamabad

Prof. Dr. Mahmood Akhtar Kayani Prof. Dr. Arshad Saleem
Bhatti (T.I)
Chairperson, Department of Biosciences, Dean, Faculty of Sciences,
CIIT, Islamabad CIIT, Islamabad

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Declaration

I Bushra Jamil, CIIT/FA12-PBS-008/ISB hereby state that my PhD thesis titled “Nano-
antibiotics: Nano Encapsulation of Natural and Synthetic Antimicrobials to Combat Multi
Drug resistant Pathogens” is my own work and has not been submitted previously by me
for taking any degree from this University i.e. COMSATS Institute of Information
Technology or anywhere else in the country/world.
At any time if my statement is found to be incorrect even after I graduate the university
has the right to withdraw my PhD degree.

Date: __________________ Signature of the Student:

_______________________
Bushra Jamil
CIIT/FA12-PBS-008/ISB

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Plagiarism Undertaking
I solemnly declare that research work presented in the thesis titled “Nano-antibiotics:
Nano Encapsulation of Natural and Synthetic Antimicrobials to Combat Multi Drug
resistant Pathogens” is solely my research work with no significant contribution from any
other person. Small contribution/help wherever taken has been duly acknowledged and
that complete thesis has been written by me.
I understand the zero tolerance policy of HEC and COMSATS Institute of Information
Technology towards plagiarism. Therefore, I as an author of the above titled thesis
declare that no portion of my thesis has been plagiarized and any material used as
reference is properly referred/cited.
I undertake if I am found guilty of any formal plagiarism in the above titled thesis even
after award of PhD Degree, the University reserves the right to withdraw/revoke my Phd
degree and that HEC and the university has the right to publish my name on the
HEC/university website on which names of students are placed who submitted
plagiarized thesis

Date: __________________ Signature of the Student:

_______________________
Bushra Jamil
CIIT/FA12-PBS-008/ISB

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Certificate
It is certified that Bushra Jamil, CIIT/FA12-PBS-008/ISB has carried out all the work
related to this thesis under my supervision at the Department of Biosciences, COMSATS
Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad and the work fulfills the requirement for
award of PhD degree.

Date: ___________________

Supervisor:

________________________
Dr. Muhammad Imran
Department of Biosciences

Head of Department:

________________________
Dr. Tayyaba Yasmin
Head, Department of Biosciences

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DEDICATION
I dedicate my thesis to Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, with utmost reverence and
profound deference, who in his Infinite Mercy and Benevolence infused me with the
motivation to render some service to humanity. In this journey my passion got further
inspiration from noble commandment enunciated in The Holy Quran in Chapter 22:
verse 77 (نوحلفت مکلعلریخلاولعفاو – and do good so that you may succeed). Moreover, in
the course of this intellectual endeavor aimed at exploring some alternative strategy to
combat overwhelming resistance to antibiotics, I have been thoroughly imbued with
the spirit of hitting upon some efficacious treatment for this ailment under the guiding
light of Hadith ( ءً افش ھل لزنا لاا ءاد ھللا لزنا ام) that Allah Almighty has not sent any
disease for which cure has not been simultaneously furnished.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All praise be to ALLAH the almighty, nourisher and the cherisher of the whole world,
who has bestowed knowledge and wisdom endowed to all mankind. Countless salutations
ﷺ
on the noble personage of Hazrat Muhammad , and peace and mercy upon His noble
companions’ eminent members of family and true followers till the day of judgement. At
the very outset I must say that Islamic injunctions about dignity of pursuit of knowledge
ﷺ
and the noble practice of Muhammad and his unflinching prayers to seek knowledge
has been a constant source of my inspiration throughout this intellectual endeavor.
I owe my debt of gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Muhammad Imran and my co-
supervisors Prof Dr. Habib Bokhari and Dr. Sundus Javed as a member of my
supervisory committee for their insight full supervision and affectionate guidance. I
would like to extend my thanks to Dr. Tayyaba Yasmin, Head of Department of
Biosciences and Chairperson Prof. Dr. Mahmood Akhtar Kayani for their generous
patronage and provision of all necessary facilities.
I express my word of thanks to Dr. Shahid Ahmed Abbasi (from Fauji Foundation
Hospital, Rawalpindi) for his unremitting support, practical wisdom and benevolent
gesture of allowing me to use his lab facility throughout my research.
My feelings of indebtedness to Dr. Fauzia Yousuf Hafeez merit mentioning here for her
affectionate encouragement, beneficent and selfless guidance.
I must admit that numerous people have extended their help and cooperation, however,
few name warrant appreciation as Dr. Alamdar Hussain, Dr. Fraz Arshad, Dr. Rashida
Abbasi (IBGE), Dr. Aysha Ihsan (NIBGE), Dr. Habib Nasir (NUST), Dr. Syed
Muhammad Ali (Haripur University), Dr. Fariha Siddique (CIIT), Dr. Sara Sadiq, Zakir
Hussain Sahab (Kidney center), Siffat (NIGAB), Farman Ullah, Aftab, Romana,
Ambreen, Zubia, Huma Habib (CMND), Hamid, Sohail, Asim Nazir, Sumaira Amir,
Shoukat Gill and all those who directly or indirectly contributed to this work.
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Indubitably, constant prayers of my loving parents have been a great source of strength
and without that it could not have achieved its auspicious completion for which I have no
words to express gratitude. I am also grateful to my sisters and brother for their support,
good wishes and prayers.
I express my gratitude to my mother in law who has been highly forthcoming and
cooperative during all this period of study and research. I am also thankful to my brothers
in law for spurring my initiative and drive to embark upon such a laborious task and feel
indebted to my sisters in law too for their large heartedness and generous tolerance of my
poor disposal of household chores owing to my preoccupation with studies and research.
I am also grateful to my husband Sirajuddin Amjad for his continuous motivation and
unremitting support. He has been a prudent guide to skillfully tackle strenuous demands
of the work and uncharitable treatment of many. Beyond all that, his invisible prayers
have always been a great source of strength behind expeditious completion of this
endeavor.
I am awfully thankful to my beloved kids (Fatima Siraj, Muhammad Talha Hasan and
Muhammad Hassaan Sarmad who stoically tolerated in their tender age my constant
engagement in studies and uncharitable oblivion to their pranks. They have been ardently
praying and anxiously awaiting fruitful completion of my PhD.
In the last, I offer my sincere thanks to my maid Irshad, without whose support and help
this all PhD stuff would have been simply impossible.
May ALLAH, the Beneficent and Merciful, bless all these people.

Bushra Jamil
CIIT/FA12-PBS-008/ISB

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