Nalluri And Featherstone’s Civil Engineering Hydraulics: Essential Theory with Worked Examples

472 Pages·2016·14.249 MB·English

by  Martin Marriott

6th Edition
Nalluri & Featherstone’s
C ivil Engineering
Hydraulics
Essential Theory with Worked Examples
MARTIN MARRIOTT

Nalluri & Featherstone’s
Civil Engineering Hydraulics

Nalluri & Featherstone’s
Civil Engineering Hydraulics
Essential Theory with Worked Examples
6th Edition
MartinMarriott
UniversityofEastLondon
Thiseditionfirstpublished2016
Fiftheditionfirstpublished2009
Fourtheditionpublished2001
Thirdeditionpublished1995
Secondeditionpublished1988
Firsteditionpublished1982
First,second,third,fourthandfiftheditions(cid:2)c 1982,1988,1995,2001and2009byR.E.Featherstone&C.
Nalluri
Thisedition(cid:2)c 2016byJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd
BlackwellPublishingwasacquiredbyJohnWiley&SonsinFebruary2007.Blackwell’spublishingprogramme
hasbeenmergedwithWiley’sglobalScientific,Technical,andMedicalbusinesstoformWiley-Blackwell.
Registeredoffice
JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UnitedKingdom
Editorialoffices
9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UnitedKingdom
TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,
UnitedKingdom
Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowtoapplyfor
permissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat
www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.
TherightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththeUK
Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,
inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermitted
bytheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.
Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrandnames
andproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksof
theirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.
LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthor(s)haveusedtheirbesteffortsin
preparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompleteness
ofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessfora
particularpurpose.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessional
servicesandneitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbeliablefordamagesarisingherefrom.Ifprofessional
adviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Marriott,Martin,author.|Featherstone,R.E.,author.|Nalluri,C.,author.
Title:Nalluri&Featherstone’scivilengineeringhydraulics:essentialtheorywithworkedexamples.
Othertitles:Civilengineeringhydraulics
Description:6thedition/MartinMarriott,UniversityofEastLondon.|Chichester,WestSussex,
UnitedKingdom:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,2016.|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2015044914(print)|LCCN2015045968(ebook)|ISBN9781118915639(pbk.)|
ISBN9781118915806(pdf)|ISBN9781118915660(epub)
Subjects:LCSH:Hydraulicengineering.|Hydraulics.
Classification:LCCTC145.N352016(print)|LCCTC145(ebook)|DDC627–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttp://lccn.loc.gov/2015044914
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbe
availableinelectronicbooks.
Coverimage:ItoshiroDam/structurae.de
Setin9.5/11.5ptSabonbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India
6 2016
Contents
PrefacetoSixthEdition xi
AbouttheAuthor xiii
Symbols xv
1 PropertiesofFluids 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Engineeringunits 1
1.3 Massdensityandspecificweight 2
1.4 Relativedensity 2
1.5 Viscosityoffluids 2
1.6 Compressibilityandelasticityoffluids 2
1.7 Vapourpressureofliquids 2
1.8 Surfacetensionandcapillarity 3
Workedexamples 3
Referencesandrecommendedreading 5
Problems 5
2 FluidStatics 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Pascal’slaw 7
2.3 Pressurevariationwithdepthinastaticincompressiblefluid 8
2.4 Pressuremeasurement 9
2.5 Hydrostaticthrustonplanesurfaces 11
2.6 Pressurediagrams 14
2.7 Hydrostaticthrustoncurvedsurfaces 15
2.8 Hydrostaticbuoyantthrust 17
2.9 Stabilityoffloatingbodies 17
2.10 Determinationofmetacentre 18
2.11 Periodictimeofrolling(oroscillation)ofafloatingbody 20
2.12 Liquidballastandtheeffectivemetacentricheight 20
2.13 Relativeequilibrium 22
Workedexamples 24
vi Contents
Referenceandrecommendedreading 41
Problems 41
3 FluidFlowConceptsandMeasurements 47
3.1 Kinematicsoffluids 47
3.2 Steadyandunsteadyflows 48
3.3 Uniformandnon-uniformflows 48
3.4 Rotationalandirrotationalflows 49
3.5 One-,two-andthree-dimensionalflows 49
3.6 Streamtubeandcontinuityequation 49
3.7 Accelerationsoffluidparticles 50
3.8 Twokindsoffluidflow 51
3.9 Dynamicsoffluidflow 52
3.10 Energyequationforanidealfluidflow 52
3.11 Modifiedenergyequationforrealfluidflows 54
3.12 Separationandcavitationinfluidflow 55
3.13 Impulse–momentumequation 56
3.14 Energylossesinsuddentransitions 57
3.15 Flowmeasurementthroughpipes 58
3.16 Flowmeasurementthroughorificesandmouthpieces 60
3.17 Flowmeasurementinchannels 64
Workedexamples 69
Referencesandrecommendedreading 85
Problems 85
4 FlowofIncompressibleFluidsinPipelines 89
4.1 Resistanceincircularpipelinesflowingfull 89
4.2 Resistancetoflowinnon-circularsections 94
4.3 Locallosses 94
Workedexamples 95
Referencesandrecommendedreading 115
Problems 115
5 PipeNetworkAnalysis 119
5.1 Introduction 119
5.2 Theheadbalancemethod(‘loop’method) 120
5.3 Thequantitybalancemethod(‘nodal’method) 121
5.4 Thegradientmethod 123
Workedexamples 125
Referencesandrecommendedreading 142
Problems 143
6 Pump–PipelineSystemAnalysisandDesign 149
6.1 Introduction 149
6.2 Hydraulicgradientinpump–pipelinesystems 150
6.3 Multiplepumpsystems 151
6.4 Variable-speedpumpoperation 153
Contents vii
6.5 Suctionliftlimitations 153
Workedexamples 154
Referencesandrecommendedreading 168
Problems 168
7 BoundaryLayersonFlatPlatesandinDucts 171
7.1 Introduction 171
7.2 Thelaminarboundarylayer 171
7.3 Theturbulentboundarylayer 172
7.4 Combineddragduetobothlaminarandturbulentboundarylayers 173
7.5 Thedisplacementthickness 173
7.6 Boundarylayersinturbulentpipeflow 174
7.7 Thelaminarsub-layer 176
Workedexamples 178
Referencesandrecommendedreading 185
Problems 185
8 SteadyFlowinOpenChannels 187
8.1 Introduction 187
8.2 Uniformflowresistance 188
8.3 Channelsofcompositeroughness 189
8.4 Channelsofcompoundsection 190
8.5 Channeldesign 191
8.6 Uniformflowinpart-fullcircularpipes 194
8.7 Steady,rapidlyvariedchannelflowenergyprinciples 195
8.8 Themomentumequationandthehydraulicjump 196
8.9 Steady,graduallyvariedopenchannelflow 198
8.10 Computationsofgraduallyvariedflow 199
8.11 Thedirectstepmethod 199
8.12 Thestandardstepmethod 200
8.13 Canaldeliveryproblems 201
8.14 Culvertflow 202
8.15 Spatiallyvariedflowinopenchannels 203
Workedexamples 205
Referencesandrecommendedreading 241
Problems 241
9 DimensionalAnalysis,SimilitudeandHydraulicModels 247
9.1 Introduction 247
9.2 Dimensionalanalysis 248
9.3 Physicalsignificanceofnon-dimensionalgroups 248
9.4 TheBuckingham𝜋 theorem 249
9.5 Similitudeandmodelstudies 249
Workedexamples 250
Referencesandrecommendedreading 263
Problems 263
viii Contents
10 IdealFluidFlowandCurvilinearFlow 265
10.1 Idealfluidflow 265
10.2 Streamlines,thestreamfunction 265
10.3 Relationshipbetweendischargeandstreamfunction 266
10.4 Circulationandthevelocitypotentialfunction 267
10.5 Streamfunctionsforbasicflowpatterns 267
10.6 Combinationsofbasicflowpatterns 269
10.7 Pressureatpointsintheflowfield 269
10.8 Theuseofflownetsandnumericalmethods 270
10.9 Curvilinearflowofrealfluids 273
10.10 Freeandforcedvortices 274
Workedexamples 274
Referencesandrecommendedreading 285
Problems 285
11 GraduallyVariedUnsteadyFlowfromReservoirs 289
11.1 Dischargebetweenreservoirsundervaryinghead 289
11.2 Unsteadyflowoveraspillway 291
11.3 Flowestablishment 292
Workedexamples 293
Referencesandrecommendedreading 302
Problems 302
12 MassOscillationsandPressureTransientsinPipelines 305
12.1 Massoscillationinpipesystems–surgechamberoperation 305
12.2 Solutionneglectingtunnelfrictionandthrottlelossesforsudden
dischargestoppage 306
12.3 Solutionincludingtunnelandsurgechamberlossesforsudden
dischargestoppage 307
12.4 Finitedifferencemethodsinthesolutionofthesurge
chamberequations 308
12.5 Pressuretransientsinpipelines(waterhammer) 309
12.6 Thebasicdifferentialequationsofwaterhammer 311
12.7 Solutionsofthewaterhammerequations 312
12.8 TheAllieviequations 312
12.9 Alternativeformulation 315
Workedexamples 316
Referencesandrecommendedreading 322
Problems 322
13 UnsteadyFlowinChannels 323
13.1 Introduction 323
13.2 Graduallyvariedunsteadyflow 323
13.3 Surgesinopenchannels 324
13.4 Theupstreampositivesurge 325
13.5 Thedownstreampositivesurge 326
13.6 Negativesurgewaves 327