Muslim Societies and the Challenge of Secularization: An Interdisciplinary Approach PDF
Preview Muslim Societies and the Challenge of Secularization: An Interdisciplinary Approach
Muslims in Global Societies Series Volume 1 Series Editors GabrieleMarranci NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore BryanS.Turner WellesleyCollege,Wellesley,USA Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7863 Gabriele Marranci Editor Muslim Societies and the Challenge of Secularization: An Interdisciplinary Approach 123 Editor Prof.GabrieleMarranci DepartmentofSociology NationalUniversityofSingapore BlockAS1,#03-06,11ArtsLink Singapore117570 [email protected] ISBN978-90-481-3361-1 e-ISBN978-90-481-3362-8 DOI10.1007/978-90-481-3362-8 SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010932541 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2010 Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorby anymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recordingorotherwise,withoutwritten permissionfromthePublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurpose ofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Acknowledgments It took considerable time to prepare and finalise this book. The main idea of pub- lishing a multidisciplinary discussion on Muslims, globalisation and secularism took place in 2006 at the EASA (European Association of Social Anthropology) BiennialConferenceinBristol,England.Iwishtothankalltheparticipantsofthe workshop Muslim diaspora, Euro-Islam and the idea of the secular for their con- tributions, active discussion, criticisms and suggestions. Muslim Societies and the Challenge of Secularization: An Interdisciplinary Approach has brought together fifteen,bothjuniorandsenior,scholarsfromnotonlydifferentacademicdisciplines andtraditionsbutalsoregions. Iwishtothankallthecontributorsfortheirhardwork,fordiscussingtheirchap- terswithmeandfortheirpatience.Inparticular,IwishtothankProf.BryanTurner, whoismyco-editorofthebookseriesMuslimsinGlobalSocieties,forhissupport duringtheextendedtimeinwhichthebooktookshape.Aspecialthanksgoestothe hardworkingteamatSpringer,andinparticulartoMsWillemijnArtsandalsoMs IngridvanLaarhoven,withwhommanyemailexchangestookplace. Thismanuscripttravelledwithmetodifferentpartsoftheworld,fromScotland toAustraliaandthenfinallytoSingapore.IfurtherwishtothanktheAsiaResearch Institute, at the National University of Singapore, for the time it has provided in allowingmetofinishthemanuscriptsothattodayyoucanreadit. Singapore GabrieleMarranci 01January2010 v Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 GabrieleMarranci PartI DebatingIslam,Secularism,DemocracyandMuslimPolity Islam,PublicReligionsandtheSecularizationDebate . . . . . . . . . . 11 BryanS.Turner MuslimThinkersandtheDebateonSecularismandLaïcité . . . . . . . 31 BarbaraDePoli Yusuf al-Qaradawi and Tariq Ramadan on Secularisation: DifferencesandSimilarities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 GöranLarsson IslamandDemocracyintheTwenty-FirstCentury . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 HaifaaJawad MovingOutofKazanistan:LiberalTheoryandMuslimContexts . . . 83 ArifA.Jamal MuslimModernity:Poetics,Politics,andMetaphysics . . . . . . . . . . 99 MasoodAshrafRaja TurkishSecularMuslimIdentityonDisplayinEurope . . . . . . . . . 113 HakkiGurkas HiddenBodiesinIslam:SecularMuslimIdentitiesinModern (andPremodern)Societies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 RichardC.Martin PartII Secularization and Dynamics of Muslim Lives inGlocalisedContexts Contentions in the Making: Discussing Secularism Among ScottishMuslims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 JuanF.Caraballo-Resto vii viii Contents Muslim Women’s Narratives on Religious Identification inaPolarisingDutchSociety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 MarjoBuitelaar Hamburg,MuslimsandImams:TheChallengeofSecularism . . . . . . 185 ElisabethKnoblauchandWiebkeEden-Fleig AmericanMuslimWomen:NarrativesofIdentityandGlobalisation . . 201 M.GailHickey A State of Islam: Modernity and Muslim Life inTwenty-FirstCenturyAustralia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 NasyaBahfen TheSearchforSharedIdioms:ContestingViewsofLaiklik BeforetheTurkishConstitutionalCourt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 SevalYildirim Afterword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 GabrieleMarranci Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 About the Contributors NasyaBahfen isajournalismlecturerwhospecialisesinradiojournalism.She regularlyworksasajournalist,editorandnewsreaderforABCRadioAustraliaand isafreelancewriterwhoseworkshaveappearedintheAge,theFarEastern EconomicReview,andtheBruneiTimes.AftergraduatingfromRMITwithan undergraduatejournalismdegree,NasyahelpedestablishMelbourne’sfirst indigenousradiostation3KNDandworkedasajournalistandpresenterforSBS RadioandMediaCorp(theformerSingaporeBroadcastingCorporation).Her researchinterestsincludeIslamandthemedia,Islamicfinance,theuseofthe InternetinMalaysiaandotherSoutheastAsianIslamicsocieties,andmediauseby diasporaMuslimcommunitiesintheWest. MarjoBuitelaar isaseniorlecturerintheAnthropologyofMuslimsocietiesat theFacultyofTheology&ReligiousStudies,UniversityofGroningen.Shehas doneextensivefieldworkinMorocco.AmongherpublicationsareoneEnglishand threeDutchbooks:FastingandFeastinginMorocco.Women’sParticipationin Ramadan(1993);Hetbadhuis.Tussenhemelenhel,withG.J.vanGelder(1996); Islamenhetdagelijksleven.ReligieencultuuronderMarokkanen(2006);Van huisuitMarokkaans.Levensverhalenvanhoogopgeleidemigrantendochters (2009).Herpresentresearchfocusesonthenarrativeconstructionofidentityby youngadultsofMoroccandescentintheNetherlands. JuanF.Caraballo-Resto isapost-graduateresearchstudentofSocial AnthropologyofReligion,attheUniversityofAberdeen,Scotland.Hismain researchinterestsconcernIslamandMuslimslivinginWesternEurope; migration/immigration;fundamentalism;andsecularization.Since2003,hehas conductedanthropologicalresearchamongstvariousMuslimgroupsinScotland andSpain.Hiscurrentresearch,whichisfullyfundedbytheUniversityof Aberdeen,focusesonMuslimsandfundamentalism. BarbaraDePoli teachesHistoryandInstitutionsofAfricaandCultural GeographyatCa’FoscariUniversityinVenice.DrDePolihasbeenresearchingin ArabCountriesandMoroccoforseveralyears.SheistheauthorofImusulmani nelterzomillennio.Laicitàesecolarizzazionenelmondoislamico(Carocci,Roma 2007),andanumberofarticlesabouttherelationsbetweenIslam,institutionsand ix x AbouttheContributors societiesinArabcountries,suchas“Ilmitodell’Orienteel’espansionemassonica italiananelLevante”,AnnalidiStoriad’Italia,Lamassoneria,editedbyG.M. Cazzaniga,Einaudi,Torino(2006),and“Politiqueculturelleetsociétécivileau Maroc.Société,Politiqueetinstitutions”,LeMarocAujourd’hui,editedbyP. Gandolfi,IlPonte,Bologna(2007). WiebkeEden-Fleig bornin1977,studiedPoliticalScienceandMiddleEastern StudiesattheUniversitiesofHamburg(Germany),Haifa(Israel)andtheAmerican UniversityofBeirut(Lebanon).SheiscurrentlyaPhDcandidateattheGIGA (GermanInstituteforGlobalandAreaStudies)InstituteforMiddleEastStudies, researchingthewomenofHizbullah.Shealsoworksasaneditorforthemagazine zenith,aquarterlyonMiddleEasternpolitics,cultures,artsandeconomics. HakkiGurkas isAssistantProfessorofHistoryatKennesawStateUniversity.He completedhisM.A.degreeatPurdueUniversity,wherehefocusedonfestive culture,nationformation,andgenderintheMiddleEast.HereceivedhisPh.D.in historyfromPurdueUniversityin2008.Dr.Gurkas’sdissertationresearchfocused ontheNasreddinHodjatraditionandthehistoryofAksehirFestivalinTurkey.His researchinterestsincludefolkIslam,secularizationandtraditionformationin Turkishfestiveculture. M.GailHickey isProfessorofEducationalStudiesatIndianaUniversity-Purdue UniversityFortWayne.Herresearchfocusesontheexperiencesandperspectives ofcontemporaryU.S.immigrantsandrefugees,withaspecialemphasison women’sperspectives.Gail’sresearchhasbeenpublishedinnationaland internationalvenues,includingTheOralHistoryReview,AsianWomen,Asian JournalofWomen’sStudies,InterculturalEducation,amongothers,andas chaptersinmultiplevolumesdealingwithU.S.migrationissues.Herinvestigations intoacculturativeprocessesinU.S.Burmesecommunitieshavereceived internationalrecognition.Ateachereducatorandformerelementaryclassroom teacher,Gailalsoisknownforherwritingoncreativestrategiesforteachingabout diversitythroughsuchpublicationsasBringingHistoryHome:Local&Family HistoryProjectsforGradesK-6(1999,Allyn&Bacon). ArifJamal studiedlawandpoliticsinCanada(BA(McGill);JD(Toronto)),and wascalledtotheBarofBritishColumbia.Thereafter,heundertookpost-graduate workinIslamicStudiesandHumanities,andreadforanLLMdegree,focusingon Islamiclaw,attheSchoolofOriental&AfricanStudies,UniversityofLondon (SOAS).HehassubsequentlybeenaVisitingResearcherwiththeIslamicLegal StudiesProgramatHarvardLawSchool,VisitingLecturerinLawatUniversity CollegeLondon(UCL)andaTutorinLawwiththeSchoolofLawatSOAS.His priorpublicationshaveappearedintheYearbookofIslamicandMiddleEastern Law.Currently,Arifisundertakingdoctoralworkontherelationshipbetween religion,thestateandthepublicsphereinMuslimcontextsintheFacultyofLaws atUCL. AbouttheContributors xi HaifaaJawad isseniorlecturerinIslamicandMiddleEasternStudies,Schoolof Philosophy,TheologyandReligion,CollegeofArtsandLaw,Universityof Birmingham.Shehasspecialisedinthesocio-politicalstudyofIslam,modern Islamicthought,andIslaminBritain,particularlynewMuslims,womeninIslam, andinter-faithrelations.ShehasapersonalinterestinIslamicspiritualityand ethics.Amongherrecentpublicationsare:“FemaleconversiontoIslam:theSufi Paradigm”inKarinvanNieuwkerk(ed),GenderandconversiontoIslaminthe West,TexasUniversityPress(2006),and“SufiSpiritualityandtheFeminine dimension”inG.Howie,andJ.Jobling(eds)WomenandtheDivine,Palgrave (2009).SheisfurthermorecurrentlyworkingonabookentitledTheContribution ofEuropeanConvertstoIslam,BritainasaCaseStudy. ElisabethKnoblauch wasbornin1974.ShestudiedPoliticalScienceandIslamic PoliticsandCulturesinMainz&Hamburg,GermanyandinDamascus,Syria. From1999to2006,shewaseditorandpublisherofthemagazinezenith,a quarterlyonMiddleEasternpolitics,cultures,artsandeconomics.Since2001,Dr. KnoblauchhasbeenemployedbythePoliticalDepartmentoftheGermanweekly DIEZEIT.Sheadditionallyworksasafreelancejournalist. GöranLarsson isAssociateprofessorinReligiousStudiesattheUniversityof Göteborg,Sweden.Hisresearchisfocusedonbothhistoricalandcontemporary aspectsofthehistoryofIslamandMuslimsinEurope.Larsson’sstudiesfocuson theologicaldebates,authority,power,thetransmissionofreligiousknowledgeand theimpactofnewinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesanddiscussionof themthatiscurrentlytakingplaceamongMuslimsintheWest.Hispublications includestudiesofreligionsontheInternet,Muslimdiscussiongroupsand theologicaldiscussions(mainlyintheformoffatwas)ontheimpactanduseofthe newinformationandcommunicationtechnologiessuchassatellitetelevisionand theInternet,aswellasradioandtelevision.Inspring2008hewillalsopublishthe bookIslamandMuslimsintheNordicandBalticCountrieswithRoutledge(edited byLarsson). GabrieleMarranci isAssociateProfessorandVisitingSeniorFellowatthe DepartmentofSociology,NationalUniversityofSingapore.Heisthefounding editorofthejournalContemporaryIslam:DynamicsofMuslimLife,andthebook series(withProf.BryanTurner)MuslimsinGlobalSocieties,andalsoauthorof JihadBeyondIslam(2006),TheAnthropologyofIslam(2008),Understanding MuslimIdentity,RethinkingFundamentalism(2009)and,mostrecently,Faith, IdeologyAndFear:MuslimIdentitiesWithinAndBeyondPrisons(2009). RichardC.Martin isProfessorofIslamicStudiesandHistoryofReligionsat EmoryUniversityandPresidentoftheAmericanResearchCenterinEgypt.He writesandlecturesonIslamicreligiousthought;religion,socialconflictand violence;andIslamandsecularism.WithMarkR.WoodwardandDwiAtmaja,he istheauthorofDefendersofReasoninIslam:Mu’tazilismfromMedievalSchool toModernSymbol(1997).Heisalsoeditor-in-chiefofTheEncyclopediaofIslam andtheMuslimWorld.
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